• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2002

In spite of simple and cheap cultivation method, water broadcast-seeded rice demonstrates uneven and unstable seedling establishment per unit land area and requires more herbicide and labor-input for weed control. Three experiments were conducted in a phytotron at 18$^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the adaptability of seed-mat mulching cultivation technologies in water seeded rice for the uniform seedling establishment and the inhibition of weed occurrence without herbicide application. Five different kinds of mat with different mesh sizes and fabric properties were tested. The emergence of rice was the highest in Lawn-mat treatment, being comparable with the control, in which seeds were sown without mat. The Lawn-mat also exhibited the lowest mat tension. Mat tension may influence the emergence of rice. And once it was soaked in water, it didn't maintain its original shape any more. The emergence rate of rice was the lowest in Safer-mat treatment. In Lawn-mat treatment, which was the most effective for rice emergence in the first study, the differences of emergence and seedling establishment of rice depending on the seeding position (upper, beneath, and between mats) treatments were negligible, while they were higher in dry seeds than in pre-germinated seeds treatment. The emergence as affected by the kinds of mat also showed the same trend when tested using barnyard grass. Depending on the kinds of mat, the inhibition effect of weeds was the greatest in Safer-mat and the poorest in Lawn-mat. These results strongly suggest the possibility that the uniform seedling establishment and weed management without chemical could be achieved simultaneously by seed-mat mulching through the combination of effective mat for the emergence of rice and another efficient mat for the inhibition of weed occurrence. This possibility was also tested in the field.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop the plant-mat for ecological restoration which was formed as the thin multi-layers of woven nets, soil media, seeds, etc. The experimental site was selected at a slope of 240$m^2$ at the rear of Design College of Sangmyung University and divided into 8 sub-experimental plots (20$m^2$ each) according to mat types. (forest-type and grass-type mats with and without seed attachment, respectively) Also, the existing vegetation plot and the no-treatment plot were included in this experiment for comparison. The experiment construction was conducted on September 3, 2002. Mat covered plots regardless of seed attachment showed nearly no signs of erosion even if rainy season in summer compared to the no-treatment plot. Vegetation monitoring result showed that germination rates were somewhat high in both forest and grass-type mats without seed attachment in the initial germination stage. Although germination rates of seed attached mats were somewhat slower than non-seed attached mats in the germination stage, but over time, it showed a good rooting and shooting environment for germinated tree and grass species because of soil media existence within the mat. This indicates that while non seed-attached mats require follow-up maintenance, seed-attached mats does not require maintenance after rooting and germination.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1999년도 PROCEEDINGS OF 99 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE KACG AND 6TH KOREA·JAPAN EMG SYMPOSIUM (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM), HANYANG UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, 06월 09일 JUNE 1999
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• pp.351-360
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• 1999

A large NaX type zeolite crystal of a uniform particle size of 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ are grown with various H2O content by hydrothermal reaction and added seed crystal (2~3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) to reactant solution as a function of different adding seed levels from 3 to 15 %. The result that increased purity of NaX zeolite above 95% and homogeneity of crystal size by increasing adding seed levels, also decreased crystallization time. It was explained that adding seed to synthesis solution leaded out increase of surface area of physical contact reaction and directed growth of seed crystal, so more rapid consumption of reaction gel as increase seeding levels.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1999

A large NaX type zeolite crystal of a uniform particle size of 20$\mu\textrm{m}$ are grown with various {{{{{H}_{2}O}}}} content by hydrothermal reaction and added seed crystal (2~3$\mu\textrm{m}$) to reactant solution as a function of different adding seed levels from 3 to 15%. The result that increased purity of NaX zeolite above 95% and homogeneity of crystal size by increasing adding seed levels, also decreased crystallization time. It was explained that adding seed to synthesis solution leaded out increase of surface area for physical contact reaction and directed growth of seed crystal, so more rapid consumption of reaction gel as increase seeding levels.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2007

To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes and ground-raised slopes and to recover environment-friendly slopes at the national road expansion construction between Gamchon and Yaechon, test-construction work was done using several modes of hydro-seeding measures to select a suitable construction method through the field survey; the results were as follows : As a result of survey on physio-chemical characteristics of soil, the average soil inclination on ground-raised slopes was from 4.73 mm to 5.37 mm; the average soil acidity was from pH 6.47 to 6.73; the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.57~1.70 %,; the average soil inclination on ground-cutting slopes was 9.17~10.43mm; the average soil acidity was pH 6.67~6.77 and the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.53~1.27 %; considered overall, they showed generally satisfactory base materials for plant breeding. As a result of the number of sprouting individuals, the average sprouting number of individuals on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction methods and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spots executed by furrow-digging with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were 1,172 number of per square meter and 970 number of per square meter respectively; thus they showed higher numerical value comparing with other test spots. Likewise, the average number of sprouting individuals on test spots of the ground-cutting slopes executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spot executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were found to be 1,107 number of per square meter and 1,105 number of per square meter respectively, whose numerical value showed rather higher other test spots. As a result of a survey on living plants' breeding index [dried weight], the weight in dried state on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures on both ground-raised and ground-cutting slopes was found to be higher and showed similar characteristics statistically. As a result of survey on the surface-covering degree of ground-raised slopes, nine weeks after test construction, test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures showed commonly more than 70% of surface-covering degree, but other test spots showed only below 35% of surface covering degree; especially in case of test spots by Verdvol seed spray measures, they showed 10% of the lowest surface-covering. Surface-covering degree on the test spot of ground-cutting slopes nine weeks after test construction showed more than 75% both executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures. As a result of survey on appearing plants on the test spots, there dominates Eragrostis curvula both on ground-raised slopes and on ground-cutting slopes with other seeding plant life's lower breeding and there appear intruders, such as Setaria viridis Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, and Chenopodium album var.centrorubrum Makino. As for water-borne excavation and soil's washing-away on the slopes, there happened less washing-away and water-borne excavation with good breeding of plant life on test spots executed both by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures, but there happened much more soil's washing-away along with water-home excavation at the test spot executed by Seed spray with measures. After the research results of test construction sites are examined overall, it's presumed that furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures [interval between lines is 40cm, 5cm in depth] will be preferred to prevent erosion and water-home excavation of slopes located within the construction sites.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2010

Metal interconnections of multilayer Al/Ni and TiW/seed-Ni/Ni were formed on glass, and the adhesion strength and nanoindentation response of the composite layers were evaluated. The Al/Ni multilayer was formed by an anodic bonding of glass to Al and subsequent electroless plating of Ni, while the TiW/Ni multilayer was fabricated by sputter deposition of TiW and seed-Ni onto glass and electroless plating of Ni. Because of the diffusion of aluminum into glass during the anodic bonding, anodically bonded glass/Al joint exhibited greater interfacial strength than the sputtered glass/TiW one. The Al/Ni on glass also showed excellent resistance against delamination by bending deformation compared to the TiW/seed-Ni/Ni on glass. From the nanoindentation experiment of each metal layer on glass, it was found that the aluminum layer had extremely low hardness and elastic modulus similar to the glass substrate and played a beneficial role in the delamination resistance by lessening stress intensification at the joint. The indentation data of the multilayers also supported superior joint reliability of the Al/Ni to glass compared to that of the TiW/seed-Ni/Ni to glass.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2004

This study was conducted to suggest vegetation mat forming methods with native wildflowers, introduced wild flower, grasses and native herb plants which can be used for erosion control of the disturbed slopes. The main results are summarized as follows. In forming the vegetation mat at early stage, foreign grasses, native wild plants shows more effective than the other seed mixture types. But, after 12 weeks, using native wild flowers shows more effective than foreign grasses. Also, the mixture of the native grasses and kentucky bluegrasses (seed mixture type F) are the best in ground coverage among the seed mixtures types. In order to restore slopes more naturally, more diverse plants should be used. The native grasses such as Marrubium incisum Bentham, Lutos comiculatus L. var. japonicus Regel, and Artemisia princeps Pampan seems to be useful to forming the vegetation mat, also it will be more easy if mixing with foreign grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass. The mixture of native grasses and introduced wild flowers are not proper in forming the vegetation mat. Also, pot planting of the native grasses are not proper in forming the vegetation mat.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1991

벼 기계이앙을 위한 어린모 육묘에서 종자 소독시 Metalaxy과 살충제를 혼합하여 소독ㆍ침종할 때 묘생육, 맺트형성, 입길병 및 뜸묘 발생에 미치는 효과를 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Metalaxyl(25% 수화제, 1,000배석)＋Prochloraz 종자침종처리는 무처리 (Prochloraz)에 비하여 근수가 많고 근장이 현저히 길어져서 어린모의 맷트형성이 아주 양호하였다. 2. Metalaxyl 종자침종처리는 어린모의 근활력을 높여서 뿌리생장을 왕성하게 하고 지상부의 생리적 활력을 증대시키므로서 입길병과 뜸묘의 발생을 방지하였다. 3. 종자소독제인 Prochloraz와 Metalaxyl 및 살충제를 혼합하여 종자를 소독ㆍ침종하더라도 어린모의 맷트형성이 촉진되었고 입묘병과 뜸묘 발생을 방지하였으며, 묘생육도 양호하였다 4. Metalaxyl 종자침종처리는 무처리에 비하여 뿌리생장을 현저히 촉진시키므로서 어린모맷트의 경도(2.5배)와 장력(1.5배)이 크게 증가되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1992

벼 기계이앙을 위한 어린모 육묘에 이앙 가능한 최단기 육묘일수와 맷트형성기간을 구명하기 위하여 육묘온도와 깔판재료를 달리하여 그 효과를 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 육모온도가 높을수록, 또 육묘기간이 길어질수록 어린모의 맷트형성이 양호하였으며, Metalaxyl(25% 수화제, 1,000 배액) 종자침종처리는 무처리에 비하여 맷트형성 기간이 단축되었다. 2. Metalaxyl 침종처리는 무처리에 비하여 어린모의 초장신장 효과가 있었고, 경엽중과 근중도 무거웠으며, 입고병과 뜸묘의 발생을 방지하였다. 3. 어린모의 맷트형성 촉진 보조재로서 흡수지깔판(키친타올 1컵)의 효과가 인정되었으며, ＆apos;Metalaxyl 침종＋비닐＋흡수지＆apos;처리는 다른 처리에 비하여 맷트형성 기간을 1～2일 단축시켰다. 4. 어린모의 최소 육묘일수는 파종 후 5일이였다. 육묘조건은 종자를 Metalaxyl 1,000배액에 24시간 침종한 후 비닐＋흡수지 깔판에 파종하여 30/2$0^{\circ}C$(획 / 야) 온도에서 육묘한다. 5. 일반농가 비닐하우스에서 어린모 육묘시(중부지방)에는 5월의 하우스내 온도를 야간 11～16$^{\circ}C$, 획간 28～32$^{\circ}C$ 정도로 볼 때, 산파상자를 사용할 경우에는 ＆apos;Metalaxyl 침종＋비닐깔판＆apos;처리로, 또 어린모 전용 육묘상자를 사용할 경우에는 ＆apos;Metalaxyl 침종＆apos;처리로 육묘하면 파종 후 6일에 안전 이앙이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1991

식물생장조절제가 벼 기계이앙 어린모 육묘시 맷트형성에 미치는 효과를 검토하기 위하여 오합벼를 공시하여 8가지의 생장조절제를 사용, 종자침종하여 맷트형성 효과와 뿌리생장을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다 1. Metalaxyl ( 25 % 수화제)은 어린모의 뿌리신장과 근모발생에 탁월한 효과가 있었으며 Tetra-cycle, Pachlobutrazol, NTN-821은 처리농도가 높을수록 초장과 근장이 짧아지고 간태가 굵어졌다. 2. Metalaxyl( 200, 1,000ppm) 처리는 무처리에 비하여 근수는 비슷하면서 뿌리신장과 근모발생이 현저히 증가되어 맷트형성이 아주 양호하였던 반면에 Tetracycle 처리에서는 근수는 증가되었지만 근장이 짧아져서 맷트형성이 불량하였다. 3. 공시약제 중 Metalaxyl의 맷트형성 촉진효과가 인정되었으며, 1,000ppm까지는 농도가 높을 수록 맷트형성이 좋아지는 경향이었으며, Metalaxyl의 종자침종을 위 한 적정온도는 약 200ppm으로서 실제로 이용할 때는 1, 000 배액으로 사용하면 되겠다. 4. Metalaxyl의 종자침종 처리로 어린모의 맷트형성은 무처리에 비하여 약 1～2일 단축시킬 수 있었다.