• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.687-705
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• 2000

The main purpose of this paper is to study differentiable one-parameter groups and cosine families of operators acting on white noise functions and their associated infinitesimal generators. In particular, we prove the heredity of differentiable one-parameter group and cosine family of operators under the second quantization of the Cuchy problems for the first and second or der differential equations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2015

This paper presents a performance improvement of gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) based on the nonuniform quantization, which is generally used to analyze the texture of images. The nonuniform quantization is given by Lloyd algorithm of recursive technique by minimizing the mean square error. The nonlinear intensity levels by performing nonuniformly the quantization of image have been used to decrease the dimension of GLCM, that is applied to reduce the computation loads as a results of generating the GLCM and calculating the texture parameters by using GLCM. The proposed method has been applied to 30 images of $120{\times}120$ pixels with 256-gray level for analyzing the texture by calculating the 6 parameters, such as angular second moment, contrast, variance, entropy, correlation, inverse difference moment. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a superior computation time and memory to the conventional 256-level GLCM method without performing the quantization. Especially, 16-gray level by using the nonuniform quantization has the superior performance for analyzing textures to another levels of 48, 32, 12, and 8 levels.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제17권4E호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1998

In this paper, an efficient quantization method of line spectrum pairs(LSP) with cascaded structure of vector quantizer and scalar quantizer is proposed. First, input LSP parameters is vector-quantized using a codebook a with a moderate number of entries. In the second stage of quantization, the components of residual vector are individually quantized by the scalar quantizer. The utilization of ordering property of LSP parameters and the inclusion of interframe prediction improve the quantizer performance and remove the stability check routine after quantization procedure. The new vector-scalar hybrid quantizer using 26 bits/frame shows a transparent quality of speech that an average spectral distortion is 1 dB and the frame proportion with above 2 dB spectral distortion is less than 2%. The performances of proposed quantization method is evaluated in the transmission errors.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new re-quantization method after FFT processing to prevent the distortion of correlation result of VCS (VLBI Correlation Subsystem). The re-quantization is used to rearrange the data bit so as to reduce the data rate processed as 16-bit of FFT result of VCS. Having done this procedure, we found that the distorted spectrum of correlation result occurred in the delay tracking experiments by the re-quantization method introduced for initial design of VCS. In order to solve this, two kinds of re-quantization method, that is, the comparison and selection-type, are proposed. The first is to re-quantize the FFT result as a valid-bit by comparing with the input data after determining the adequate threshold. The second is manually to select the valid-bit of FFT result after finding the valid-field of data according to the bit-distribution of input data. We confirmed that the second is more effective compared with the first through the experimental result, and it will be implemented without so much modification of applied method in the condition of the limited resource of FPGA. The re-quantization is, however, carried out with 4-bit in the proposed second method for FFT result, and then the distortion of correlation result is also appeared. To fix this problem, the bit for re-quantization is extended to 8-bit. The proposed 8-bit selection-type is effectively verified so that the distortion of correlation result disappeared by applying to VCS in consequence of the simulation and correlation experiments.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2004

Due to the bandwidth and storage limitations medical images are needed to be compressed before transmission and storage. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) specification, which is the medical images standard, provides a mechanism for supporting the use of JPEG still image compression standard. In this paper, we explain a method for compressing medical images by PEG standard and propose two methods for JPEG compression. First, because medical images differ from natural images in optical feature, we propose a method to design adaptively the quantization table using spectrum analysis. Second, because medical images have higher pixel depth than natural images do, we propose a method to design Huffman table which considers the probability distribution feature of symbols. Simulation results show the improved performance compared to the quantization table and the adjusted Huffman table of JPEG standard.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2013

This paper considers the problem of robust stability for uncertain discrete-time interval time-varying delayed descriptor systems using any combinations of quantization and overflow nonlinearities. First, delay-dependent linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition for discrete-time descriptor systems with time-varying delay and quantization/overflow nonlinearities is presented by proper Lyapunov function. Second, it is shown that the obtained condition can be extended into descriptor systems with uncertainties such as norm-bounded parameter uncertainties and polytopic uncertainties by some useful lemmas. The proposed results can be applied to both descriptor systems and non-descriptor systems. Finally, numerical examples are shown to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2009

The cognitive radio (CR) technique is a useful tool for improving spectrum utilization by detecting and using the vacant spectrum bands in which cooperative spectrum sensing is a key element, while avoiding interfering with the primary user. In this paper, we propose a novel cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio with two solutions for the purpose of improving in sensing performance. First, for the cluster header, we use the double adaptive energy thresholds and a multi-bit quantization with different quantization interval for improving the cluster performance. Second, in the common receiver, the weighed HALF-voting rule will be applied to achieve a better combination of all cluster decisions into a global decision.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

JPEG200, a new international standard for still image compression based on wavelet and bit-plane coding techniques, is developed. In this paper, we design the DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) and quantizer for JPEG2000 CODEC. DWT handles both lossy and lossless compression using the same transform-based framework: The Daubechies 9/7 and 5/3 transforms, and quantizer is implemented as SQ(Scalar Quantization). The architecture of the proposed DWT and SQ are synthesized and verified using Xilinx FPGA technology. It operates up to 30MHz, and executes algorithms of wavelet transform and quantization for VGA 10 frame per second.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제29권6C호
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• pp.824-833
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• 2004

Due to the bandwidth and storage limitations, medical images are needed to be compressed before transmission and storage. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) specification, which is the medical images standard, provides a mechanism for supporting the use of JPEG still image compression standard. In this paper, we explain a method for compressing medical images by JPEG standard and propose two methods for JPEG compression. First, because medical images differ from natural images in optical feature, we propose a method to design adaptively the quantization table using spectrum analysis. Second, because medical images have higher pixel depth than natural images do, we propose a method to design Huffman table which considers the probability distribution feature of symbols. Therefore, we propose methods to design a quantization table and Huffman table suitable for medical images. Simulation results show the improved performance compared to the quantization table and the adjusted Huffman table of JPEG standard. Proposed methods which are satisfied JPEG Standard, can be applied to PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제25권10A호
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• pp.1566-1575
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• 2000

This paper studies mismatched scalar quantization of a generalized gamma source by a quantizer that is optimally (in the mean square error sense) designed for another generalized gamma source. Specifically, it considers variance-mismatched quantization which occurs when the variance of the source to be quantized differs from tat of the designed-for source. The main result is the two distortion formulas derived from Bennett's integral. The first formula is an approximation expression that uses the outermost threshold of an optimum scalar quantizer, and the second formula, in turn, uses an approximation formula for this outermost threshold. Numerical results are obtained for Laplacian sources, which are example of a generalized gamma source, and comparisons are made between actual mismatched distortions and the two formulas. These numerical results show that the two formulas become more accurate, as the number of quantization points gets larger and the ratio of the source variance to that of the designed-for source gets bigger. For example, the formulas are within 2~4% of the actual distortion for approximately 64 quantization points or more. In conclusion, the proposed approximation formulas are considered to have contribution as closed formulas and for their accuracy.