• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.1 s.28
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

As the interest in environmental pollution increases, the use of renewable energy is uprising. Among the renewable energy resources, wind and solar energy have no environmental impact and they can be used as unlimited resources. The two power systems are mutual supplementary systems. So the two systems are usually combined for generation. We have measured several data about wind and solar. These data can be used the foundation data for the construction of wind and solar power generation plants. Also we analyzed the possible optimal solar power system for 10[kW] wind power.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.67
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

The lava-calcification which was found in Geunjisul located in Jeju-do (Korea) was investigated to analyse the cause of calcification through the internal factor of cave structure and surroundings in company with relevant ecological system. The volcanic cave is degenerated after formation from volcano lava extravasation, however, the cave became more stronger with solidification and petrification by the reinforced structure of calcification as the cement in concrete buildings unprecedentedly if the lava-calcification occurred in the cave. Such a Progressive Phenomena of lava-calcification was verified in progress first in Geonjigul located at Hyubjae-ri, but those would be found in other simiiar case of caves distributed and connected with seaside of shelly sand beach.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

Currently we have 11 climatological stations registered in World Meteorological Organization. Geographically, these stations are unevenly distributed in Korea and are mainly located on seaside. Therefore station's density analysis should be performed to produce the high-quality climatological data. Using the correlation integral method, the density of climatological stations can be measured by the estimation of fractal dimension. In this study, new climatological stations having the higher fractal dimension were selected. Sequential or simultaneous selection method were carried out until 3 new stations were selected based on the fractal dimension.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

Recently, the number of design for open-spaces at waterfront, such as open-air restaurant and cafeteria, has been increasing to provide openness and natural environment of waterfront. However, when planning open-air restaurant and cafeteria, it is essential to investigate the climate characteristic of waterfront, especially wind environment, since the waterfront has a special quality of climate like low-temperature and strong wind which differs from downtown or inland In this study, wind environments of Haeundae, Suyoungrnan, and Gwanganli, the famous waterfronts in Busan, were investigated for design of open-air restaurants and open cafeterias. The main results were as follows. 1) the waterfront area of Haeundae, Suyoungman, and Gwanganli is suitable for open-air restaurant and open cafeterias; and 2) the appropriate period for open space in this area is from the end of March to November.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2012

Contamination of ion from cathode air on the membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) is the serious degradation source in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In this study, concentration of ions in air at industry region, street and seaside were measured. There were comparably high concentration of $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ in this regions. This paper shows the effects of MEA contamination by these ions generated from humidification water. After 170 hours of fuel cell operation using city water as humidification water, the performance of unit cell decrease to 11% of initial performance. The electrolyte membrane easily absorbed foreign contaminant cations due to the stronger affinity of foreign cations with the sulfonic acid group compared to $H^+$. The contaminant ions existing in the interface between the platinum catalyst and ionomer layer turn out to be the most serious factor to decrease cell performance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2014

Chloride attack to reinforced concrete structures located in seaside can cause a serious problem of durability and maintenance during the service life. Corrosion of reinforced steel bars in concrete decreases the bond strength and finally causes the detachment of concrete cover. Polymer cement mortar is usually adopted to repair the deteriorated RC structures because of its strong bonding property. The recovered load-carrying capacity after the repair was simulated by non-linear FEM analysis. The properties of concrete, repairing materials, bonding materials and reinforced bar were used as input data. Four types of redispersible polymer powders were used as components of polymer cement mortar. Pull-off tests were carried out to examine the bond properties such as rigidity and strength. Effects of a corrosion inhibitor and the loss of reinforced bars due to the corrosion were also considered in this study. FEM modeling and analysis were conducted to propose the universal model. Physical bonding in the relationship between repair materials and steel reinforced bar is more dominant than chemical bonding.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2016

Penicillium species are commonly isolated from various outdoor and indoor environments, including marine environments such as sponges, algae and sand. Penicillium is especially important because numerous bioactive compounds have been isolated. Penicillium was the most common species in intertidal zone in Korea, however the diversity and ecological roles of Penicillium in intertidal zone are not clarified. We explored diversity and ecological roles of marine-derived Penicillium from tidal flat and sea sand in Korea. The diversity of marine-derived Penicillium from Korea was investigated using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approach by ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence. In addition, we evaluated optimal temperature, halo-tolerance, and enzyme activity of Penicillium strains, such as extracellular alginase, endoglucanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and protease. For culture-dependent approach, a total of 182 strains of 62 Penicillium species were isolated, with 53 species being identified. The most common species was Penicillium oxalicum, followed by P. crustosum, P. brasilianum, P. koreense, and P. griseofulvum. Species richness and composition were not significantly different by season, substrates, and seaside. For culture-independent approach using Illumina sequencing, 73 OTUSs were detected. The most frequently observed species was P. antarcticum, followed by P. koreense, P. crustosum, and P. brevicompactum. Diversity of Penicillium was higher during winter season than during summer season and in western sea than in southern sea, respectively. Community structure was significantly different by season and sea side. 52 species were detected by both methods. Unique species were isolated from each of methods - 10 from culture methods and 21 from Illumina sequencing. Furthermore, salinity adaption of the Penicillium varied depending on species. Many Penicillium species showed endoglucanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and protease activity. Some species including P. paneum and P. javanicum degraded the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, our results demonstrate that intertidal zone in Korea harbors diverse Penicillium community and marine-derived Penicillium play important ecological roles as decomposers of organic material in marine environments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1239-1245
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the flora and distribution of evergreen plants in Busan from February 2003 to September 2004. A total of 68 evergreen plant taxa belonging to 33 families, 51 genera, 60 species, and 8 varieties were recognized in Busan. 9 species was included in evergreen plant taxa such as Akebia quinata, Rosa wichuraiana, Osmanthus heterophyllus, Lonicera japonica, Lonicera japonica var. repens, and Carex boottiana. In the forests of evergreen, the canopy consisted of tall trees such as Pinus thunbergii, and understatum trees such as Eurya japonica, Elaegnus macrophylla, and Euonymus japonica. Herb layer consisted of Rubus hirsutus, Hedera rhombea, and Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium. In addition to evergreen plant communities, the patchy spaced communities occurred Neolitsea sericea-Cinnamomum japonicum community, Ficus erecta community, Hedera rhombea-Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium community, Ardisia japonica community, Gleichenia dichotoma community, and G. Japonica community. For rate of appearance of species in 23 sites, 13 species was appeared more than 50% and 29 species less than 10%. There was marked a decrease in the number (density) of evergreen according to the geographic distances from seaside to inland.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 2002

Cultural Property Preservation Bureau of Korea excavated the massive shipwreck and her cargo from 1976 to 1984 sunken under Jeungdo Island, Sinan County located in the southwest area of the Korean peninsula. It was the first systematic underwater excavation in Korea, and one of the richest underwater discovery in the world. According to the reference materials, more treasure shipwrecks are assumed to be sunk under seaside of Korean peninsula. Such as, Donskoy near Ulleung Island, Kow Shing near Ul Island, and Yamashita treasure ship off Korean peninsula, etc. The excavations of these treasure ship are likely to raise ownership dispute between private finders and government authority, and between ship owner and excavater due to lack of knowledge and awareness of related laws and regulations. Therefore, this study aims to examine existing legal regimes related to the excavated treasureship. And also it tries to suggest a new proactive measure to prevent the most likely ownership disputes between interested parties.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the liquefaction potential of the land reclamation area in Incheon by using the ProShake program for long frequency Hachinohe seismic wave and short frequency Ofunato seismic waves to interpret ground response. Method: The interpretation results and the Modified Seed and Idriss method were used to evaluate the liquefaction potential. The liquefaction potential index which proposed by Iwasaki was calculated to be used as a guide line to represent the liquefaction evaluation results at the given location. The equivalent liquefaction factor of safety presented by Kang(1999) was used as a quantitative index to draw up the mapping of liquefaction potential. Results: This paper presents the mapping of liquefaction potential for the Incheon seaside reclamation area using both the liquefaction potential index and the equivalent liquefaction factor of safety. Conclution: As a result, the mapping of liquefaction based on the liquefaction potential index and equivalent liquefaction factor of safety shows similar distribution pattern.