• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 1993

Various microorganisms secreting plant growth regulators were screened from the 100 microbial isolates including bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. The isolates showing distict influence on the plant growth were identified as Aspergillus niger. The germinations of Raphanus and Cucubis seeds were completely inhibited by the culture filtrates of A. niger KK, A. niger KKS and A. niger ATCC 9462. The culture filtrates of the three strains also inhibited the formation and development of roots and hypocotyls of Raphanus. The culture filtrates of A. niger ATCC 26550 induced the hypocotyl curvature of Raphanus like plant hormone-auxin and at the same time caused the necrosis of the whole leaves.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to screen a high xylanase and mannanase producing microbes. In the first experiment, screening was undertaken against 50 samples of microorganisms having xylanase and mannanase activities from soil and fallen leaves. The screening process has focused on picking out fungi having high xylanase and mannanase activities under the solid-state fermentation. The xylanase and mannanase activities of 6 screened microbes were 0.9~1.6 unit/mL and 0.2~0.4 unit/mL, respectively, under the submerged fermentation condition. However, under the solid-state fermentation, xylanase and mannanase activities were 103.7~220.0 unit/g and 20.1~40.3 unit/g, respectively. Finally one microbe (E-3) was selected and its xylanase and mannanase activities were 197.3 unit/g and 39.9 unit/g, respectively. The morphological and molecular biological classification of E-3 showed 99% homology with the Aspergillus niger.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2008

Beef luncheon meat is one of the most popular meals in several countries in the world including Egypt. Thirty one fungal species and 3 species varieties were recovered from 30 samples of beef luncheon meat collected from different supermarkets in Qena. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Emericella, Mucor, Mycosphaerella, Penicillium and Rhizopus were the most common genera on the two types of media. From the above genera, the most prevalent species were Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, Mucor racemosus, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus stolonifer. Screening of fungi for their abilities to produce lipase enzyme showed that, ten isolates represented 32.26% of total isolates appeared high lipase production, while sixteen isolates (51.61%) were moderate and 5 isolates (16.13%) were low producers. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Nectria haematococca produced the highest amount of lipase enzyme, so these fungi were used in further studies. The incorporation of five food preservatives (Disodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, citric acid, potassium sorbate and sodium citrate) individually in the culture medium of lipase production exhibited an inhibitive effect on the mycelial growth and enzyme production by Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Nectria haematococca.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.4 s.112
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of extracellular cellulase and xylanase from Fusarium pallidoroseum and Aspergillus niger, such as enzyme activity and stability by various pH, temperature and metal ions, for application into enzymatic deinking system. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity and stability of Fusarium pallidoroseum and Aspergillus niger were $50^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, pH 9.0, respectively. Certain metal ions, calcium and cobalt, brought to elevate cellulase and xylanase activity from F. pallidoroseum and A. niger. With these results we suggest that enzymatic deinking system should be proceed at $50\~60^{\circ}C$ under their optimal pH condition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 1997

Several protease-deficient mutants of Aspergillus niger have been isolated by halo-screening on skim milk plate after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The extracellular proteolytic activities of the mutant strains grown in an optimized medium varied from 3% to 85% of that of the parental strain. Especially, two mutant strains named as ANPD-129 and ANPD-153, which had 3% and 49% of acid protease activity of the parental strain, respectively, were further characterized both physiologically and genetically. The growth rates of the mutants, ANPD-129 and ANPD-153, were similar to that of the parental strain, unlike other protease-deficient mutants. The diploid formed between the two mutants restored protease activity to a similar level of that of the parental strain. This result revealed that ANPD-129 and ANPD-153 had mutations at different loci. Using master strains with marked chromosomes these loci were assigned to linkage groups. The mutation locus (prt129) in ANPD-129 was assigned to linkage group VI and the locus (prt153) in ANPD-153 to linkage group III.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 1993

Thirty nine kinds of Korean herb drugs have screened for antimicrobial activity of some pathogenic microorganisms. It was revealed that some of hot water extracts from herb drugs showed antimicrobial activity in one or more strain of pathogenic microorganisms. Phellodendron amurense and Coptis chinensis inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Rubus coreanus showed antibacterial activity in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Citrus unshill inhibited growth of Escherichia coli and Cornus officinalis showed antibacterial activity in E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dioscorea battltas and Cinnamomum cassia showed antibacterial activity in Pseodomonas aeruginosa. And also, ScutelJa baicaJerrsis inhibited growth of Candida albicanus. Achyranthes japonica and Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed antifungal activity in Aspergillus niger. It was noteworthy that Glycrrhiza uranensis inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2007

A biochemical characterization of the tannases from Paecilomyces variotii (produced at Unicamp), Aspergillus niger (purchased from Industrial Kerry Bio-Science) and A. niger cnpat 001 (purchased from Embrapa Agroindustrial Tropical-Brazil) was carried out. P variotii is a new strain obtained from the screening of 500 fungi that were tested for their production of tannase. The biochemical properties of this new tannase from P variotii were determined and compared with those of two other tannase preparations. The tannase produced from P. variotii showed optimum activity at pH 6.5. The functional temperature range of the tannases was from $20-70^{\circ}C$, with optima at $70^{\circ}C$ for P. variotii and at $60^{\circ}C$ for the commercially obtained tannase, whereas A. niger cnpat 001 showed optimum activity at $40^{\circ}C$. The effects of 1 mM preparations of cations and anions, inhibitors, surfactants, and chelators on the tannase activity from P. variotii were also studied.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.161-165
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• 1978

Out of 11 organic acid producing strains isolated from fruits, soil, and air, one strain was selected for the study of the citric acid fermentation using Sakaguchi's medium. The organism was identified as Aspergillus niger. When Asp.niger was shaked at 3$0^{\circ}C$ in a cotton plugged 500 mι Erlenmeyer flask with 100 ml of Sakagnchi's medium containing 10% of glucose (Difco), 0.6% of peptone, and mineral, citric acid were produced at the level of 17 gram per liter in 14 days. The citric acid was also produced at the level of 35 gram per liter after the improvements of Sakaguchi's medium-the adaptation, peptone addition, aeration, methanol addition, and glucose addition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 1990

We have been searching microorganisms which produce highly active raw starch saccharifying enzyme and also have a good cultivation characters in submerged culture. About 170 strains of molds isolated from soil and compost were tested for their amylase productivity on plate contained 2% raw corn meal. Thirty-four strains out of 170 strains produced clearance on the plates, and were tested for their raw starch saccharifying activity. Then, 4 strains which had shown relatively high levels of saccharifying activity were selected. Among them, Strain No. 55 was found to have highest level of raw starch saccharifying activity, and selected for the further studies. In this paper, the morphological, physiological and cultural characteristics of Strain No. 55 were described. Based on the results obtained in these experiments, Strain No. 55 was identified to be a similar species to Aspergillus niger.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2011

In order to develop safe and economic novel antifungal agents, we prepared 73 methanol extracts from medicinal and edible herbs and examined their 365 solvent fractions using n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethylacetate, butanol and water residue based on the sequential organic solvent fraction method. When using the various fractions in the screening step for antifungal activity, we discovered ethylacetate fraction of Morus alba L., methylene chloride fraction of Pimpinella brachycarpa (MCPB), and n-hexane fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which all have activities in methanol extracts, as potential sources of antifungal agents. Amongst these, the antifungal activity of P. brachycarpa has not to date been reported on. In addition, the mycelial growth inhibition and spore germination inhibition activities of MCPB against A. niger were confirmed by disc-diffusion assay in a 10 day culture. The MIC and MFC of MCPB were determined as 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MCPB has no hemolytic activity against human RBC at 0.5 mg/ml and glycoside-flavonoids are theorized to be active constituents. These results suggest that MCPB has a prominent antifungal activity and that the application of sequential organic solvent fractions, instead of simple natural product extracts, is useful in the screening process of novel bioactive substances.