• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.827-833
• /
• 2017

This study was investigated the effects of various commercial sanitizers on microbial characteristics in fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during storage. For screening sanitizer, lettuce was cut and dipped in chlorine water ($0.2ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$), solution of organic acids such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, mixture of ascorbic acid and acetic acid (1-6%), and solutions of commercial sanitizers such as Formula 4$^{TM}$ (1,3,4%), Fresh produce wash$^{TM}$ (1,3,4%), Cleancol$^{TM}$ (1%), Chitochol$^{TM}$ (1%) and Natural Ca$^{TM}$ (0.1%) for 3 min, respectively. Washing lettuce with selected sanitizers resulted in reduction of aerobic bacteria of more than 2 log CFU/g. Initial pH of lettuce was related with the pH of sanitizers. pH ranged from 4.7 to 6.1 in Formula 4 (4%, pH 1.7) and Natural Ca (0.1%, pH 12.0), respectively. Chlorine water showed consistent and significant inhibition effect in all of microorganisms except total coliform. Over 3% of Formula 4 and Fresh produce wash were found to have high bactericidal activity among sanitizers. The sanitizers of chlorine water, Fresh produce wash, Chitochol and Natural Ca were effective in reducing yeast and mould populations. As coliform and E. coli, Formula 4 (4%) showed the highest bactericidal activity. The bactericidal effect of commercial sanitizers during storage varied with the kinds and concentrations of tested sanitizers. Although inhibition effect was not showed during storage, these results suggest that commercial sanitizers could be an alternative to chlorine for washing fresh-cut produce.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.513-521
• /
• 2001

The chronic cholestasis induce to biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) and the increased products of ROS(reactive oxygen species) cause to the liver damage. In this study ; the antioxidant and antifibrotic effect of dried extracts of oriental medicine (DW) was investigated under the liver fibrotic (cirrhotic) condition. The female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in 5 groups (Normal, Op-2, Op-4, OpDW-2, OpDW-4). Except for normal group, the rats were induced to biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) by the operation of bile duct ligation/scission (BDU/S) and were observed in 2 weeks or 4 weeks. And the prepared DW was treated p.o.2 ml/day/rats in 2 weeks or 4 weeks for OpDW groups. At the time of sacrifice, the liver, kidney, spleen were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. The MDA, the hyp and biochemical parameters (GOT GTP, ALP, t-bili) were measured in sera and liver tissue of rats. The biochemical change was observed on liver tissue. In the result, the hepatomegaly and spleenomegaly appeared in all BDL/S operated rats, and significantly lower liver weight was observed in OpDW-4 group compared with in Op-4 group (p<0.05). The level of clinical parameters in sera of all liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) developed rats was higher than in normal group. Especial1y, the value of GOT in OpDW-2 group and ALP in OpDW-4 group showed significantly lower than in Op-2 group and Op-4 group (p<0.01, p<0.005). The content of hyp in all operation groups was significantly higher than in normal group (p<0.05∼<0.005), and showed significantly lower value in the OpDW-4 group than in Op-4 group (p<0.05). The product of lipid peroxidationUDA) increased significantly under the fibrotic(cirrhotic) condition (p<0.05∼ <0.005), and the MDA value in OpDW-4 group decreased significantly in Op-4 group (p<0.005). The histological change (bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, collagen bundle) was similarly observed in Op-2 group and in OpDW-2 group, but the weak fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were observed in OpDW-4 group compared with in Op-4 group. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation and severe liver damage were activated by bile duct obstruction, and the measurement of MDA and hap can be useful monitor for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in experimental liver fibrosis (cirrhosis). The 4 weeks treatment with DW extracts suppressed lipid peroxidation and inhibited fibrotic (cirrhotic) process in BDL/S operated rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2005

Staphylococcus aureus is spread worldwide and can result in food poisoning outbreaks. Among samples collected from soil, water, protected houses, packing houses, employees, strawberries, and leaves, and analyzed for S. aureus contamination, 16% samples 'showed S. aureus contamination, particularly on employees' hands, scissors, and strawberries. Examination of enterotoxins A, B, and C genes of S. aureus by PCR revealed sea and seb in 92 and 38% of total strains, respectively, whereas sec was not detected. In conclusion, implementation of Good Agricultural Practice is necessary for preventing food-borne diseases of staphylococcal origin, thereby ensuring the safety of farm-to-table products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2003

Physicochemical changes in corn starch caused by irradiation were investigated, and irradiated samples were identified. Viscosity, TBA value, Hunter color, and total viable count were measured after irradiation of corn starch. Corn starches from Korea and China were irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 kGy using a $Co^{60}$ irradiator and stored for 9 months at $0^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Viscosity and specific parameter values decreased in all samples with increasing irradiation dosage at 50 rpm, showing a dose-dependent relationship $(above\;R^2=0.80)$ between non-irradiated and irradiated samples during storage. These results suggest that detection of irradiated corn starches is possible using viscometric method during storage. Total viable count, TBA value, and Hunter color were determined as supplemental indices for measuring viscosities of samples. Total viable count and TBA values showed dose-dependent relationship $(2.5{\sim}15 kGy)$. Differences in viscosity and total viable count, and TBA values among non-irradiated samples showed little changes with the lapse of post-irradiation time, but were still distinguishable for more than 6 months at $0^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ for corn starches from korea and China.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1226-1233
• /
• 2011

In neurons, kinesin is the molecular motor that transport cargos along microtubules. KIF5s (alias kinesin-I), are heterotetrameric motor conveying cargos, but the mechanism as to how they recognize and bind to a specific cargos has not yet been completely elucidated. To identify the interaction proteins for KIF5C, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed, and specific interaction with the $\underline{S}$am68-$\underline{l}$ike $\underline{m}$ammalian protein $\underline{2}$ (SLM-2), a member of the $\underline{s}$ignal $\underline{t}$ransducers and $\underline{a}$ctivators of $\underline{R}$NA (STAR) family of RNA processing proteins, was found. SLM-2 bound to the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of KIF5C and to other KIF5 members. The C-terminal domain of Sam68, SLM-1, SLM-2 was essential for interaction with KIF5C in the yeast two-hybrid assay. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-downs showed that SAM68, SLM-1, and SLM-2 specifically interacted to Kinesin-I complex. An antibody to SAM68 specifically co-immunoprecipitated SAM68 associated with KIF5s and coprecipitated with a specific set of mRNA. These results suggest that Kinesin-I motor protein transports RNA-associated protein complex in cells.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1244-1250
• /
• 2011

The study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial and antiviral activities of ginseng fine root in order to search for antibacterial substances. Among 8 kinds of fermentation strains, Lactobacillus plantarum was selected based on viable cell count and antibacterial activities during incubation. Optimum conditions of ginseng fine root fermentation for L. plantarum were incubation at $35^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr in 5% ginseng fine root broth. That methanolic extract of fermented ginseng fine root broth was observed to be antibacterial and have antiviral activities. The results of paper disc method of non-fermented extract and fermented extract measured against E. coli was 11 mm and 20 mm, S. aureus was 15 mm and 22 mm, respectively. Shaking flask method was observed to inhibit the growth E. coli and S. aureus in fermented extract by 99.9%. However, antiviral activity of Feline calicivirus (FCV) was mostly activated. Fermented extract was used to investigate the compositional changes of ginsenosides on HPLC analysis. By fermentation, ginsenoside Rg1, Re and Rd were increased, with Rd showing a significant increase of 50 ${\mu}g/g$. These results suggest that ginseng fine root extract is a useful resource.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.1410-1414
• /
• 2017

Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase (TS) contains ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2$, which catalyzes the final two steps in Trp biosynthesis. A molecular tunnel exists between the two active sites of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ subunits in TS. Via intersubunit communication, TS increases catalytic efficiency, including substrate channeling. The ${\beta}$ subunit of TS is composed of two domains, one of which, the COMM (communication) domain, plays an important role in intersubunit communication. The ${\alpha}$ subunit has a TIM barrel structure. This protein has functional regions at the C terminal of ${\beta}$ pleated sheets and in its loop regions. Three regions of the ${\alpha}$ subunit (${\alpha}L6$ [${\alpha}-loop$ L6], ${\alpha}L2$, and ${\alpha}L3$) are implicated in intersubunit communication. In the present study, conformational changes in ${\alpha}L6$ were monitored by measuring the sensitivity of mutant proteins in these regions to trypsin. The addition of a ${\alpha}$ subunit-specific ligand, D,L-${\alpha}$-glycerophosphate (GP), partially restored the sensitivity of mutant proteins to trypsin. In contrast, the addition of the ${\beta}$ subunit-specific ligand L-serine (Ser) resulted in varied sensitivity to trypsin, with an increase in PT53 (substitution of Pro with Thr at residue 53) and DG56, decrease in NS104 and wild type, and no change in GD51 and PH53. This finding may be related to several reaction intermediates formed under this condition. The addition of both GP and Ser led to a highly stable state of the complex. The present results are consistent with the current model. The method used herein may be useful for screening residues involved in intersubunit communication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2004

The biochemical components of Namcheondlggae, Miryangdlkkae 25, Boradlggae and Ipdlkkae 1 were measured. The samples were extracted with hot water, 60% acetone or 80% ethanol for screening physiological activity. The crude protein content (4.36%) was found in the Miryangdlkkae 25 and calcium content (497.5 mg%) was found in the Namcheondlggae among the tested 4 perilla loaves. Fructose was 30.86 mg% in the Namcheondlggae and free amino acids at all perilla leaves was detected seventeen. In Boradlggae, glutamic acid and alanine were 25.37 and 11.91 mg%. Totally nine non-volatile organic acids were also detected and the contents of malic acid and glutaric acid were 28.34 and 14.57 mg% in Boradlggae. The Miryangdlkkae 25 had the highest vitamin C amount which was 113.24 mg%. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of 60% acetone extract of Miryangdlkkae 25 was 39.20% when added as addition of 200 ppm level and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of 80% ethanol extract of Boradlggae was 46.71%. Electron denoting activity of 60% acetone extract from Namcheohndlggae was the strongest inhibition activity as 98.19% when 200 ppm level of the sample extracts were added.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.208-211
• /
• 2006

Microalbuminuria is most frequently caused by kidney damage from diabetes. Moreover, many other conditions can lead to kidney damage, such as high blood pressure, heart failure, cirrhosis, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The measurement of the microalbumin in urine may be useful for the early diagnosis or as a predictor of nephropathy in diabetes. The most common method for getting a quantitative measurement of urinary protein relies on a 24-hour urine collection. The result of this method is accurate. But 24hr urine collection is difficult to obtain and variations in volume are frequent. Also the patients complain about urine collection. We tried to measure reference values for microalbumin using fasting urine and compare them with the albumin/creatinine ratio using 24hr urine. The concentrations of microalbumin in fasting urine and 24hr urine were $7.1{\pm}3.8mg/L$, $5.7{\pm}2.9mg/L$ (r=0.61, p=0.27), respectively. The albumin/creatinine ratios using fasting urine and 24hr urine were $8.7{\pm}4.2{\mu}g/mg$, $8.7{\pm}4.0{\mu}g/mg$ (r=0.76, p=0.88), respectively. This study indicated that the measurement of microalbumin in fasting urine was an easy and simple method for early diagnosis or to predict nephropathy in diabetes. Thus, setting up the reference value using fasting urine may be useful in the screening test for the diabetic nephropathy patients instead of using the 24hr albumin excretion rate (AER).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the maternal risk factors for preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) with a special emphasis on assessing the proportions of maternal genitourinary and periodontal infections among Indian women and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study comprising 790 pregnant women visiting the obstetrics clinic for a routine antenatal check-up was undertaken. Once recruited, all study participants underwent clinical and microbiological investigations for genitourinary infections followed by a dental check-up for the presence of periodontitis. The study participants were followed up until their delivery to record the pregnancy outcomes. Infectious and non-infectious risk factors for PTB and LBW were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Independent risk factors for PTB and LBW were reported in terms of adjusted relative risk (ARR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Rates of PTB and LBW in the study population were 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Previous preterm delivery (ARR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.5 to 19.1), periodontitis (ARR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.9), Oligohydramnios (ARR, 5.23; 95% CI, 2.4 to 11.5), presence of Nugent's intermediate vaginal flora (ARR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.1), gestational diabetes mellitus (ARR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.3), and maternal height <1.50 m (ARR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1) were risk factors for PTB, while periodontitis (ARR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.6 to 6.9), gestational hypertension (ARR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.8), maternal height <1.50 m (ARR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.1) and genital infection during later stages of pregnancy (ARR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.1) were independent risk factors for LBW. Conclusions: Our study findings underscore the need to consider screening for potential genitourinary and periodontal infections during routine antenatal care in developing countries.