Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Screening of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin a, b, c gene in Strains Isolated from Strawberry Farms in Western Gyeongnam

서부 경남지역 딸기 농장에서의 Staphylococcus aureus의 분리와 Staphylococcal enterotoxin a, b, c gene 검색

  • Kim, Se-Ri (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Shim, Won-Bo (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Hun (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hwang, Seung-Jae (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Seon-Ja (Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ha, Sang-Do (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Keun-Sung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Kyu-Ho (Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies) ;
  • Kim, Min-Gon (Laboratory of Integrative Biotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Yup (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk University) ;
  • Kim, Cheol-Ho (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Chung, Duck-Hwa (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Published : 2005.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is spread worldwide and can result in food poisoning outbreaks. Among samples collected from soil, water, protected houses, packing houses, employees, strawberries, and leaves, and analyzed for S. aureus contamination, 16% samples 'showed S. aureus contamination, particularly on employees' hands, scissors, and strawberries. Examination of enterotoxins A, B, and C genes of S. aureus by PCR revealed sea and seb in 92 and 38% of total strains, respectively, whereas sec was not detected. In conclusion, implementation of Good Agricultural Practice is necessary for preventing food-borne diseases of staphylococcal origin, thereby ensuring the safety of farm-to-table products.

본 연구는 서부경남지역 딸기 농장 세 곳에서 Staphylococcus aureus를 검색하기 위하여 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 각 농장의 토양과 수질, 재배시설, 포장시설, 작업자 그리고 딸기와 잎으로부터 총 71점의 시료를 채취하였다. 채취된 시료 중 16%의 시료가 Staphylococcus aureus에 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며 이들 균들이 내열성 독소인 enterotoxin A, B, C를 생성할 수 있는 gene의 유무를 확인하기 위하여 PCR를 수행하였다. 그 결과 분리된 균주의 92%가 sea gene을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 seb gene의 경우는 분리된 균주의 38%에서 나타났다. 그러나 sec를 생성하는 균주는 없었다. 따라서 딸기의 미생물학적 오염을 예방하기 위해서는 체계적인 위생관리 시스템인 운수농산물관리제도(GAP)를 도입해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Park HO. Kim CM. WOO GJ, Park SH, Lee DH, Chang EJ, Park KH. Monitoring and trends analysis of food poisoning outbreaks occurred in recent years in Korea. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 16: 280-294 (2001)
  2. Harris LJ. Beuchat LR. Kajs TM. Ward TE. Taylor CH. Efficacy and reproducibility of a produce wash in killing Salmonella on the surface of tomatoes assessed with a proposed standard method for produces sanitizer. J. Food Prot. 64: 1447-1485 (2001)
  3. Hedberg CW, Anulo FG, White KE, Langkop CW, Schell WL, Stobierski MC, Schuchat A, Besser JM, Dietrich S, Helsel L, Griffein PM, McFarand JW, Osterhorn MT. Outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with eating uncooked tomatoes: Implications for Public Health. Epidemiol. Infect. 122: 385-393 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268899002393
  4. Baeuchat LR. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with fresh produce. J. Food Prot. 59: 204-216 (1995)
  5. Kim HJ, Park JK, Lee DS, Paik HD. Changes of indicator microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria in spinach during cook-chill process. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 927-930 (2002)
  6. Laura DR, Henry PF, Frederick Breidt JR. Bacterial contamination of cucumber fruit through adhesion. J. Food Prot. 65: 18811887 (2002)
  7. Suk SU, Park SC. Staphylococcal infections. J. Infect. 17: 115122 (1985)
  8. Kim DH, Kim BS, Lee KH, Ju YR, Oh KS, Kim HS, Choi YK. A study on diagnosis of Staphylococcal food poisoning and enterotoxin. The Report of National Institute of Health 27: 54-63 (1990)
  9. Jang DS, Sin DH, Chung DH, Kim CM, Lee IS. Food Hygienic. Jeongmungak Co., Seoul, Korea. pp. 71-111 (2002)
  10. Chen TR, Hsiao MH, Chiou CS, Tsen HY. Development and use of PCR primers for the investigation of C1, C2 and C3 enterotoxin types of Staphylococcus au reus strains isolated from foodborne outbreaks. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 71: 63-70 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00564-5
  11. Hepner E. Food Poisoning and Salmonella Infectious in England and Wales, 1976-1978. Publ. Hlth. London 94: 337-379 (1980)
  12. Noterman S, Heuvelman CJ. Combined effect of water activity, pH and sub-optimal temperature on growth and enterotoxin production of S. arueus. J. Food Sci. 48: 1832-1840 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb05096.x
  13. Kim Sa, Kim CH, Kim TU, Lee GS, Jeong GS. Advanced Hospital Hygienics, Gomunsa Co., Seoul. Korea. pp. 251-256 (2000)
  14. Atanassova V, Meindl A, Ring C. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw pork and uncooked smoked ham a comparison of classical culturing detection and RFLP-PCR. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 68:105-113 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00479-2
  15. Lee EJ. The effect of temperature and time on the multiplication of Staphylococcus in foods. Korean J. Public Health 9: 381-387 (1992)
  16. Brown MH. Meat Microbiology. Applied Science Publishers, London, England. pp. 269-486 (1982)
  17. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. FDA survey of imported fresh interim results. Available from http://www.cfsan.Fda.gov/-dms/prodsur9.html. Accessed July 31, 2001
  18. Kim SY. Indication system for the verification in agricultural food safety. pp.23-42. In: Symposium on GAP Application Strategy for the Safety Agricultural Production. July 29, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea (2004)
  19. Yu KM, Newman C, Archbold DD, Hamilton-Kemp TR. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on strawberry fruit and reduction of the pathogen population by chemical agents. J. Food Prot. 64: 1334-1340 (2001) https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-64.9.1334
  20. Sveum, WH, Moberg LJ, Rude RA, Frank JF. Microbiological monitoring of the food processing environment. 3rd ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 51-74 (1992)
  21. Anonymous. Guidelines for effectiveness testing of surgical hand scrub (glove juice test). Fed. Regist, 43: 1242-1243 (1978)
  22. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Food code. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. pp.75-105 (2002)
  23. AOAC. Official Method of Analysis of AOAC Inti. 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Arlington, VA, USA (2000)
  24. Johnson WM, Tyler SD, Ewan EP, Ashton FE, Pollard DR, Rozee KR. Detection of genes for enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in S. aurues by the polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:426-430 (1991)
  25. Tsen HY, Chen TR. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for specific detection of type A, D, and E enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in foods. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37: 685-690 (1992)
  26. Karsten B, Ricarda R, Georg P. Rapid and specific detection of toxic Staphylococcus aureus: Use of two multiplex PCR enzyme immunoassays for amplification and hybridization of Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, exfoliative toxin genes, and toxic shock syndrome toxin I gene. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 2548-2553 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.5.2548-2549.2005
  27. Mpuchane S, Gashe BA. Prevalence of coliforms in raditionally dried leafy vegitables sold in open marketss and food stores in Gabome, Bostswana. J. Food Prot. 59: 28-30 (1999)
  28. Kaneko KI, Hideki H, Yoshimitsu O, Junko K, Masahiko K, Koki T, Yasuo S, Masua O. Bacterial contamination of ready-toeat foods and fresh products in retail shops and food factories. J. Food Prot. 62: 644-649 (1999) https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-62.6.644
  29. Norman, NN, Wang LL. Studies on the use of sewage effluent for irrigation of truck crops. J. Milk Food Technol. 24: 44-47 (1961)
  30. FDA. Guidance for industry, Guide to minimize microbial food safety hazard for fresh fruits and vegetables. Available From: http://csan.fda.gov. Accessed Oct. 26, 1998
  31. Hatakka M, Bjorkoth KJ, Asplund K, Maki-Petays N, Korkeala HJ. Genotypes and enterotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the hands and nasal cavities of flight-catering employees. J. Food Prot. 63: 1487-1491 (2000) https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-63.11.1487
  32. Inikura Y, Ikejima S, Hirata I, Arai T, Kusunoki K, Jin M, Ohta K. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in food handler, and coagulase type and enterotoxin producibility of the isolates. Tokyo Metropolitan Res. Lab. Public Health Annu. Rep. 38: 145-149 (1987)
  33. Sekiguchi Y, Asaka K, Kawabata A, Saito M, Kanoh S, Kanoh T. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in students of trade schools, and coagulase types, enterotoxin producibility and susceptibilities to antibiotics of the isolates. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 38: 417-418 (1997)
  34. Ha KS, Park SJ, Shim WB, Chung DH. Screening of MRSA (Methicilline Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) and seb gene in producing strains isolated from food service environment of elementary schools. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 18: 79-86 (2003)
  35. Ha KS. Detection and analysis of toxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from stock farms. MS thesis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Korea (2002)
  36. Matsunga T, Kamata S, Kakiichi N. Uchida K. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from peracute. acute and chronic bovine mastitis. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 55: 297-300 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.55.297