Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2017.27.12.1410

Intersubunit Communication of Escherichia coli Tryptophan Synthase  

Cho, Won Jin (Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University)
Lim, Woon Ki (Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.27, no.12, 2017 , pp. 1410-1414 More about this Journal
Abstract
Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase (TS) contains ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2$, which catalyzes the final two steps in Trp biosynthesis. A molecular tunnel exists between the two active sites of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ subunits in TS. Via intersubunit communication, TS increases catalytic efficiency, including substrate channeling. The ${\beta}$ subunit of TS is composed of two domains, one of which, the COMM (communication) domain, plays an important role in intersubunit communication. The ${\alpha}$ subunit has a TIM barrel structure. This protein has functional regions at the C terminal of ${\beta}$ pleated sheets and in its loop regions. Three regions of the ${\alpha}$ subunit (${\alpha}L6$ [${\alpha}-loop$ L6], ${\alpha}L2$, and ${\alpha}L3$) are implicated in intersubunit communication. In the present study, conformational changes in ${\alpha}L6$ were monitored by measuring the sensitivity of mutant proteins in these regions to trypsin. The addition of a ${\alpha}$ subunit-specific ligand, D,L-${\alpha}$-glycerophosphate (GP), partially restored the sensitivity of mutant proteins to trypsin. In contrast, the addition of the ${\beta}$ subunit-specific ligand L-serine (Ser) resulted in varied sensitivity to trypsin, with an increase in PT53 (substitution of Pro with Thr at residue 53) and DG56, decrease in NS104 and wild type, and no change in GD51 and PH53. This finding may be related to several reaction intermediates formed under this condition. The addition of both GP and Ser led to a highly stable state of the complex. The present results are consistent with the current model. The method used herein may be useful for screening residues involved in intersubunit communication.
Keywords
Intersubunit communication; loop; substrate tunneling; trypsin digestion; tryptophan synthase;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kim, J. W., Kim, E. Y., Park, H. H., Jung, J. E., Kim, H. D., Shin, H. J. and Lim, W. K. 2001. Homodimers of mutant tryptophan synthase ${\alpha}$-subunits in Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 289, 568-572.   DOI
2 Kirschner, K., Wiskocil, R. L., Foehn, M. and Rezeau, L. 1975. The tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli. An improved purification procedure for the alpha-subunit and binding studies with substrate analogues. Eur. J. Biochem. 60, 513-523.   DOI
3 Miles, E. W., Yutani, K. and Ogasahara, K. 1982. Guanidine hydrochloride induced unfolding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase and of the two alpha proteolytic fragments: evidence for stepwise unfolding of the two alpha domains. Biochemistry 21, 2586-2592.   DOI
4 Leggett-Bailey, J. 1962. Techniques in Protein Chemistry. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co. New York.
5 Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685.   DOI
6 Lim, W. K., Shin, H. J., Milton, D. L. and Hardman, J. K. 1991. Relative activities and stabilities of mutant Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase ${\alpha}$- subunits. J. Bacteriol. 173, 1886-1893.   DOI
7 Milton, D. L., Napier M. L., Muers, R. W. and Hardman, J. K. 1986. In vitro mutagenesis and overexpression of the Escherichia coli trpA gene and the partial characterization of the resultant tryptophan synthase mutant alpha subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 16604-16615.
8 Faeder, E. J. and Hammes, G. G. 1970. Kinetic studies of tryptophan synthase. Interaction of substrates with ${\beta}$ subunit. Biochemistry 9, 4043-4049.   DOI
9 Adachi, O., Kohn, L. D. and Miles, E. W. 1974. A rapid method for preparing crystalline ${\beta}$2 subunit of tryptophan synthase of Escherichia coli in high yield. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7756-7763.
10 Dunn, M. F. 2012. Allosteric regulation of substrate channeling and catalysis in the tryptophan synthase bienzyme complex. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 519, 154-166.   DOI
11 Higgins, W., Fairwell, T. and Miles, E. W. 1979. An active proteolytic derivative of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase: Identification of the site of cleavage and characterization of the fragment. Biochemistry 22, 4827-4835.
12 Kayastha, A. M., Sawa, U., Nagata S. and Miles, E. W. 1990. Site-directed mutagenesis of the ${\beta}$ subunit of tryptophan synthase from Salmonella typhimurium. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 7618-7825.
13 Hilario, E., Caulkins, B. G., Huang, Y. M., You, W., Chang, C. A., Mueller, L. J., Dunn, M. F. and Fan, L. 2016. Visualizing the tunnel in tryptophan synthase with crystallography: Insights into a selective filter for accommodating indole and rejecting water. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1864, 268-279.   DOI
14 Hyde, C. C., Ahmed, S. A., Padlan, E. A., Miles, E. W and Davies, D. R. 1988. Three-dimensional structure of the tryptophan synthase ${\alpha}$2${\beta}$2 multienzyme complex from Salmonella typhimurium. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17857-17871.
15 Jeong, M. S., Jeong, J. K., Park, K. S., Kim, H. T., Lee, K. M., Lim, W. K. and Jang, S. B. 2004. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of tryptophan synthase ${\alpha}$-subunits from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 132-134.   DOI