• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.396-417
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• 1991

In order that nursing care an essential quality of nursing practice be acceptable and satisfying, it is necessary that client's culture be respected and that nursing practice be appropriate to that culture. Since cultural elements are an important influence on health practices and life patterns related to medical treatment, recovery from and prevention of disease, nurses need to have an understanding and knowledge of social and cultural phenomena to aid in the planning of nursing interventions. To understand the health practices surrounding health and illness, the health beliefs and practices of both folk and professional healing systems should be ascertained. Cultural data are required to provide care of high quality to clients and to reduce possible conflict between the client and the nurse. It is nursing's goal to provide clients from various cultures with quality nursing care which is satisfying and valuable. The problem addressed by this study was to identify Korean health practices which would contribute to the planning of professional caring practice with the culture : ultimately this study was intended to make a contribution to the development of the science of nursing. The concrete objectives of this study were ; 1) to identify Korean health practices, 2) to interpret the identitial health practices through traditional cultural thought, and 3) to compare the Korean health practices with those of other cultures. The investigator used the ethnosceintific approach outlined by spradly in a qualitative study. To discover ancestral wisdom and knowledge related to traditional health practeces, the subjects of this study were selected from residents of a small rural mountain village in south west Korea, a place considered to be maintaining and transmitting the traditional culture in a relatively well -preserved state because of being isolated from the modern world. The number of subjects was 18, aged 71 to 89. Research data were collected from January 8 to March 31, 1990. Five categories of health practices were identified : “Manage one's own mind”, “Moderation in all thing”, “Live in accord with nature”, “Live in mutuality with others”, and “Live to the best of one's ability”. Values derived from these ways of thinking from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism help fashion a traditional way of life, examplified by the saying “Benifience to all”. Korean thought and philosophy is influenced primerily by Confucianism, Confucian principles of ethics, embedded deeply in the peoples' minds, form the idea that “heaven and human being are intimately united” based on concept that “heaven is, so to speak, reason”. Twoe Gae's theory of existential subjectivity develops the concept of self which is the basis of the spirit of reverence in modern Confucian philosophy. The human md is granted from heaven out of the idea of matter, and what control the mind is the spirit of reverence. Hence the idea of “The primacy of the mind" and provided that one should control one's own mind. The precepts of duty to parents, respect for elders and worship of ancestors, and moderation in all behavior put a restraint on life which directed that one live earnestly according to Nature's laws with their neighbors. Not only Confucianism, but also Buddism and Taoism have had an important effect upon these patterns of ideas. When compared with western culture, Korean health practices tend to be more inclusive, abstract and intuitive while westerner health practices found to be mere concrete, practical and personal. Values and beliefs based and pragmatism and existentialism infuence western civilization, Ethical values may be founded on utilitarianism, which considers what is good for the persons in their circumstances as the basis of conduct and takes a serious view of their practical lives including human aspirations rather than an absolute truth. These philosophical and ethical ideas are foundations for health practices related to active, practical and progressive attitudes. This study should be enable nursing not only to understand clients as reflections of the traditional culture when planning nursing practice, but to dovelop health education corresponding to cultural requiments for the purpose of protection against disease and improvement of health, and thus promote sound health practice. Eventually it is hoped that through these processes quality nursing care as the central idea of the science of nursing will be achieved.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 최근 창조경제 또는 사회적 경제 관점에서 주목받고 있는 공유경제라는 키워드에 관해 현대 한국인들이 가지고 있는 대중적인 문화 및 사회적 인식, 즉 집단지성의 변화 추세를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 빅데이터 분석 관점의 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 최근 5년 간 사회 문화적 집단지성의 객관적이고 가시적인 연간 변화 및 패턴들을 발견하고 이해하고자 한다. 월드 와이드 웹에서 크롤링(crawling) 기법과 구글링(googling)을 통해 분석에 필요한 2010년부터 2014년까지 축적된 상당한 양의 공유경제를 주제로 한 기존 문헌들의 시계열 웹 메타 데이터를 수집하였다. 결과적으로, 많은 양의 가공되지 않은 공유경제 키워드 관련 원 자료들은 R프로그래밍 분석을 통해 보다 의미 있는 가치 있는 '워드 클라우딩' 형태의 그래프나 그림으로 분석처리 되었다. 아직까지 시기적으로 공유경제에 관해 축적된 자료나 집단지성이 양적으로 미비함에도 불구하고, 본 연구는 지식처리 관점에서 시계열 빅데이터 분석을 수행한 선행연구라는 점에서 의미가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 향후 산학 분야에서 공유경제 관련 시장분석과 소비자 행동학 관련 후속 연구들을 위해 1차 자료로서 학문적 시사점을 제공할 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2016

Purpose - Korean Wave that overspreads around Asia and America, especially the Korean beauty wave, has reached Mongolia and Mongolian consumers. Mongolia consumers usually prefer foreign cosmetic brands to local brands, because the local brands cannot satisfy fast changing needs and wants of local consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on previous studies about life style of Mongolian consumers, advertisement properties and consumer behaviors, we propose a research model and related hypothesis. In order to test hypotheses, we analyzed 366 survey data out of 376 by eliminating improper 10 responses. Factor analysis and reliability analysis was conducted by SPSS 22.0. We used multiple regression analysis and parameter analysis to test the relation between variables. Results - As exploring the Mongolian consumers' current usage of cosmetic products, we found that the customers' focus is how the products fit with their skin. Mongolian consumers often get the information about cosmetic products through TV and internet. Mongolian consumers show positive attitudes on the appearance of Korean celebrities in responsibility, while there is no significant effect on attractiveness. Mongolian consumer's behaviors toward brand have positive effect on both responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities. Responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities have positive effect on the behaviors toward advertisements of cosmetic products. Conclusions - Behaviors toward advertisements of cosmetic products have positive effect on both purchase intention and loyalty of customer. Responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities have positive effect on mediating variable of behavior toward advertisement and independent variable of purchase intention. Responsibility and attractiveness of Korean commercial celebrities have positive effect on mediating variable of behavior toward advertisement and independent variable of loyalty of customer. In order to improve the effect of advertisements, firms need to consider not only the technique of the model but also the image of model in regard to trust and professionalism appealing to consumers. In addition, firms need to choose the model who fits in with the image of the firms and the products and service of the firms. Finally, Mongolian consumers tend to acquire the shopping information through TV advertisements, especially featuring Korean popular stars, thus, TV advertisements can be a wise option in Mongolian cosmetic market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2015

Purpose - Among potential marketing strategies, the most efficient method to encourage purchase intention is through sales promotions. Sales promotions also serve to enhance customer satisfaction, which is closely related to the incidence of repurchases. Therefore, the success of retail stores greatly depends on the effectiveness of their promotional activities. The present study aimed to obtain the necessary information for apparel stores to establish more effective promotional activities. To this end, the study's specific research questions were to examine 1) consumer satisfaction with the recent sales promotions of retail apparel stores, 2) the levels of consumer preferences for different types of sales promotions (cash discounts, promotional gifts, prize drawings, discount coupons, stamp cards, or mileage cards), and 3) the differences in purchase intention according to preference levels for different types of sales promotions. Research design, data, and methodology - The research employed a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 700 men (n=234) and women (n=466) ranging in age from their 20s to their 50s and residing in the Seoul area. Data were analyzed through methods including factor analysis as well as Cronbach's α coefficients, the t-test, ANOVA, and the Duncan test. Results - Differences among consumer preferences were identified for each type of sales promotion according to the purchase amount and the customer's age. In relation to purchase amounts below 500,000 won, participants in their 50s have lower preferences for price discounts than those in their 20s or 30s, whereas participants in their 40s or 50s have lower preferences for stamp cards and mileage cards than those in their 20s. When the purchase amount is greater than 500,000 won, housewives have higher preferences for promotional gifts than respondents with other occupations. However, no gender differences were found with regard to preference levels for the different types of sales promotions. Respondents generally exhibited mediocre satisfaction with the sales promotion events of retail apparel stores. They also expressed negative opinions about sales promotions when such promotions lead to high prices, as well as dissatisfaction with the poor quality of promotional gifts. It was also found that, regardless of the purchase amount, the groups with higher preferences for discount coupons and mileage cards displayed higher purchase intentions. Only when the purchase amount is greater than 200,000 won did the group with higher preferences for lottery system promotional gifts express higher purchase intentions. On the other hand, for all purchase amount sizes, there were no differences in purchase intentions according to preferences for cash discounts, promotional gifts, or stamp cards. Conclusions - The results revealed that greater effort must be devoted to enhancing consumers' satisfaction levels with the promotional activities performed by apparel retail stores. The results also showed that it is necessary to differentiate among sales promotion strategies according to preference levels for different types of sales promotions, purchase amounts, and target consumer ages.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2015

Purpose - First, the study identifies and analyzes consumer preferences with regard to health foods and supplements. Second, it identifies and analyzes consumer preferences with regard to the properties of Vitamin C supplements. Third, in order to provide a basic data for the development of Vitamin C supplements and to measure how consumers value the properties of different Vitamin C products, a consumer survey was conducted through the choice-based conjoint model. Based on the results, the research estimates consumers' relative product-related priorities as well as price levels and willingness to pay (WTP) for different product types, and makes suggestions regarding consumer-oriented new product development and progressive directions for the successful launch of health foods and supplements. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to define the attributes of health foods and supplements based on several characteristics including their natural ingredients, product price, product originality, natural ingredient content, and additional functional ingredients, and makes suggestions regarding strategic market pricing and product development for health foods and supplements according to customer attitudes and characteristics. The research used choice-based conjoint analysis methodology based on the Multinomial Logic Model and collected 94 questionnaires filled out by users of Korean Vitamin C supplements. Results - Product price is the most influential factor among the five analyzed properties. When consumers buy Vitamin C products, the relative significance level of four of the examined properties is as follows: 40.9% for product price, 23.3% for product originality, 21.9% for natural ingredient content, and 13.9% for additional functional ingredients. Vitamin C content is excluded as it is not a statistically significant factor. It is interesting that supplement manufacturers and retailers consider Vitamin C content to be very important whereas consumers do not regard it as an important factor at the time of purchase. The results for the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for each property of Vitamin C supplements show that consumers are willing to pay an additional 11,146 Korean won for a 50% increase in the natural ingredient content. With regard to product originality, consumers are willing to pay an additional 11,301 Korean won for products manufactured in Europe than for products manufactured in China. Moreover, consumers show a greater preference for products manufactured in Korea than in Europe. However, consumers are not willing to pay more for additional Vitamin C or additional functional ingredients added to Vitamin C products. Conclusions - According to the results of consumer research on Vitamin C supplements, which represent a popular health food supplement in Korea, most Korean health food and supplement companies are not consumer- or market-oriented when developing new products. Companies gather information from either R&D specialists or sales managers and their opinions are highly reflected in new product development. The study's results will help companies recognize the importance of understanding consumers' unmet needs in advance to develop new products in the future.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.576-582
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• 2018

현재 우리나라의 대학들은 사회에서 요구하는 능력과 태도를 갖추고 이를 준비할 수 있는 인재를 키우기 위해 노력 중이며 이 중 많은 대학들이 핵심역량 기반의 교육을 실시하고 있다. 이에 학생들의 핵심역량을 객관적으로 측정하여 교육성과를 확인할 필요성이 제기되고 있으며 이를 진단할 수 있는 도구들을 개발하고 있다. 전문화된 해양인력을 양성하는 M대학의 경우에도 대학의 특수성을 반영한 핵심역량 기반 교육을 실시하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 M대학의 핵심역량을 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고 이를 타당화 하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 문헌고찰을 중심으로 예비문항을 개발하였고, 둘째, 문항분석 및 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 6개의 구성요소를 도출하였다. 마지막으로 최종 검사를 실시하여 총 52개의 문항이 도출되었고 이에 대한 타당성 여부를 확보하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 개발한 검사 도구는 학생들의 핵심역량 수준을 진단할 뿐만 아니라 개별 핵심역량 수준을 진단하여 프로그램을 연계할 수 있으며, 궁극적으로 해사 및 해양 특성화를 갖춘 대학의 차별화된 인재를 기르기 위한 기초자료로 사용 가능할 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2015

Purpose - In today's era of globalization, the competitive power of enterprises is growing fiercer, calling for organizations to be able to respond flexibly to survive and maintain predominance in competition. In turn, keen competition exists among enterprises for the systematic management of members' knowledge to secure predominance in such competition. Under such circumstances, SMEs must find and utilize positive causes for change that affect organizational performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the structural relationship between four factors known from prior research-a CEO's positive leadership, members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement-and organizational performance. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve this objective, this study established the following four research problems. First, do CEOs' positive leadership, members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement affect organizational performance? Second, do CEOs' positive leadership, members' positive life positions, and learning organization activities affect job engagement? Third, do CEOs' positive leadership and members' positive life positions affect learning organization activities? Fourth, does CEOs' positive leadership affect members' positive life positions. Additionally, to achieve the objective of this study, the research model was selected on the basis of a documentary survey of 787 full-time employees at 100 SMEs, which was used to collect related data. Results - The following conclusions were drawn. First, a CEO's positive leadership directly affects members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement. Second, positive leadership only indirectly affects organizational performance. That is, positive leadership has an indirect effect on organizational performance given the parameters of members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement. Third, members' positive life positions directly affect learning organization activities and job engagement, but indirectly affect organizational performance with learning organization activities and job engagement as parameters. Fourth, learning organization activities directly affect job engagement and organizational performance. Additionally, learning organization activities indirectly affect organizational performance with job engagement as a parameter. Fifth, job engagement directly affects organizational performance. Conclusions - A CEO's positive leadership and members' positive life positions do not directly affect organizational performance but have a positive effect through learning organization activities and job engagement. In particular, CEOs' positive leadership was proven to be the major factor to affect members' positive life positions, learning organization attitudes, and job engagement, and learning organization activities and job engagement were found to be major factors that directly affect organizational performance. Considering these conclusions, the direct effect of a CEO's positive leadership on organizational performance is not statistically significant but seems to affect members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement, which ultimately affects organizational performance. In addition, CEOs' positive leadership is an important factor that enhances the factors with the strongest effect on organizational performance-activities of learning organizations and job engagement.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to accomplish three major research goals. First, it strives to change consumers' focus from peripheral routes to a central route of public service advertising related to the good health policy, without problematic effects, by influencing consumers' knowledge or involvement. Second, this study examines the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and construal level theory (CLT). Specifically, we consider that the central route of ELM might correspond with the focal goal of CLT. Third, this study analyzes ELM through CLT. That is, ELM predicted that low involvement would take the peripheral route, and high involvement would take the central route. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. The first experiment had a 2×2 between-subject design. The subjects were university students and the research period was approximately one year. The first independent variable was the involvement of the overweight issue; this variable was measured and split by the median. The second independent variable was the temporal distance (near vs. distant future); this variable was manipulated. The second experiment also had a 2×2 between-subject design. The first variable was the involvement of cervical adenocarcinoma prevention, and was considered already manipulated by sex. Specifically, males had a low involvement of the disease, but females had high involvement. The second independent variable was priming (power vs. submissive). Power priming would induce abstract thinking, but submissive priming would take concrete processing. The third experiment had a 2×2×2 between-subject design. The first variable was cognitive depletion, and was manipulated by memorizing 9-digit numbers. The second and third independent variables were involvement and abstract thinking induction, such as prior experiments. Data were collected through questionnaires, and were analyzed by an SPSS program. Major hypotheses were tested by examining the interaction effects through ANOVA. Results - Major findings are as follows. First, even for low-involved consumers in the overweight category, distant future manipulation induced them to focus not on the peripheral route but on the central route of the public service advertisement. This result does not correspond to the typical ELM prediction. Second, under power priming, low-involved males of the cervical adenocarcinoma category focused on the peripheral route because of the induction to abstract thinking. This result replicated the first experiment, and confirmed the theoretical robustness. Third, high-involved females focused not on the central but on the peripheral route under the mixed condition of cognitive depletion and near future manipulation. Depletion consumed cognitive resources, and the processing mode of consumers changed from systematic to heuristic. Conclusions - ELM needs to be complemented through CLT in context of public service good health advertising. Specifically, the involvement of ELM may impact consumers' thinking mode (abstract vs. concrete), and the interaction effects may influence consumers' focus on advertising (central vs. peripheral route). This study's limitations were bounded subjects, limited stimuli, and somewhat weak external validity.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.192-206
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• 2015

경기도지역 학교급식 영양사를 대상으로 친환경 농산물에 대한 태도와 구매 결정요인에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 조사하기 위해 친환경 농산물태도와 친환경농산물 구매의사 결정요인에 관한 변수간의 요인분석과 Correlation(상관관계분석), 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 영양사들은 친환경농산물의 중요성에 관한 태도를 가지고 있으나 구입 가격에 관해서는 소극적인 태도를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. 구매결정요인은 '충성도' 0.920, '지각된 품질' 0.791, '인지' 0.862, '브랜드' 0.801로 조사되었다. 일반사항에 따른 결과에서 영양사들은 친환경 농산물 구매결정요인 중 충성도가 가장 높았으며, 품질, 브랜드, 인지 순으로 나타났다. 친환경 농산물에 관한 태도는 친환경 농산물에 관한 구매의사 결정요인 중 품질(r=.296, p<.01) 및 브랜드(r=.350, p<.01), 충성도(r=.558, p<.01), 인지(r=.496, p<.01)와 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과들로 경기도지역 영양사의 친환경 농산물에 대한 태도가 높을수록 친환경 농산물에 관한 친환경농산물 구매의사 결정이 긍정적인 것으로 나타났으며, 친환경 농산물 구매의사 결정 요인 중 충성도와 인지가 친환경농산물 태도에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 학교급식 관리자인 영양사의 친환경농산물에 대한 태도를 향상시키기 위한 방안제시가 필요하며, 친환경농산물 구매의사 결정요인들에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.250-266
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• 2015

오늘날 실버세대는 독립된 소비세대로 사회 여러 분야에서 실버외식산업을 급성장시키는 세대이기도 하다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 소비의 주체세력으로 부상하고 있는 실버세대를 대상으로 실버세대에 대한 외식 소비행동에 따른 외식 선택속성과 식습관 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 서울에 거주하는 55세 이상의 실버 연령인 216명을 대상으로 하여 식습관 수준과 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 변인분석은 독립표본 t-검증과 F-검증을 실시하였으며, 실버세대의 식습관에 따른 소비태도와 외식소비행동 차이를 알아보기 위하여는 ${\chi}^2$검증을 실시하였다. 분석한 연구 결과를 요약하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 실버세대의 식습관 수준은 3점 만점에 평균 2.02점으로 나타나, 식습관이 어느 정도 양호함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 실버세대의 식습관에 따른 외식소비태도 차이를 분석한 결과, 식습관 태도가 비교적 양호한 사람들이 불량한 집단보다 물리적인 환경, 메뉴의 다양성, 업체의 품질과 서비스를 찾아서 외식업체를 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 실버세대의 식습관에 따른 외식소비행동 변화를 분석한 결과, 식습관 수준에 따른 외식업체 정보 출처와 외식업체 선택 선정기준 변수에 대해서만 집단 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.