• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop the entrepreneurial mentoring scale on start-up mentoring situation. In recent years, as the needs for entrepreneurship have grown from domestic to foreign, entrepreneurship education is actively being carried out. The entrepreneurial mentoring is strengthening its weight and contents in entrepreneurship education. However, research on the mentoring function scale designed to reflect the characteristics of entrepreneurial mentoring is rarely performed in Korea. In this study, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative research to achieve the research goal. First, we derive the entrepreneurial mentoring scales through literature review and expert group discussions, and we conducted the empirical analysis to draw conclusions. The results of this study are as follows. In the first step, literature review was conducted. In the second step, four major factors and questionnaires were derived through expert group discussion. In the third step, the doctoral level specialists developed 16 questionnaire items to measure the four factors of entrepreneurial mentoring derived from the second step and verified the content validity and the facial validity in fourth step. As a result of this survey, we conducted questionnaires on founding mentors who belonged to 17 Creation Economic Innovation Centers nationwide (153) and analyzed the problem solving, networking, communication, and motivation formation through exploratory factor analysis. This questionnaire was used to survey the entrepreneurial mentors who belonged to the 17 Center for Creative Economy and Innovation under the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of South Korea(153). In fifth step, as the results of factor analysis such as EFA and CFA, we could confirm four factors including problem solving, networking, communication, and motivation. The significance of this study is as follows. First, academic significance was the first study of the entrepreneurial mentoring function scale reflecting the characteristics of entrepreneur mentoring as a qualitative and quantitative approach in Korea. Second, it is hoped that practitioners will be able to better measure the mentoring function of entrepreneurial mentors and contribute to improving the quality of future entrepreneurial mentoring programs.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

This study was carried out to characterize the chemical components of Flammulina velutipes during storage by different packaging film application for developing export winter mushroom to south east asia area. Changes of weight and growth rate from Flammulina velutipes were the lowest in testing packaging film at $15^{\circ}C$ among the films. The pH changes of Flammulina velutipesg was the highest in imported packaging film at $25^{\circ}C$. The changes of colors was measured by Hunter's color value, L value and yellowness (+b) were slightly decreased during storage. But the L value and yellowness (+b) were not affected by packaging films. Six organic acids were detected such as oxalic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid and succinic acid. The content of total organic acids were increased by storage period.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

The imports of Centella asiatica L. Urban are increasing year-by-year due to the fact that its extract is a raw material used for skin wounds and in cosmetics. However, studies on the cultivation and identification of native C. asiatica species in Korea have been extremely rare. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the physiological and functional activity of Korean native C. asiatica plant cultivated in Hapcheon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. As a result, the highest antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities were examined with methanol extract while skin-whitening and wrinkle improvement were examined with water extract. Seven bacterium and one fungus were treated with 50% methanol extracts of C. asiatica and most of the bacterium showed similar or low levels of antibacterial activity compared to the control group of Omiza (Schisandra chinensis) extract, except for Streptococcus pyogenes, which showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of Omiza extract. However, neither C. asiatica and Omiza extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the fungus, C. albicans. The results of anti-inflammatory effect analyses with Raw 264.7 cells confirmed that the treatment of methanol extract reduced the level of NO by 50% or more compared to the control group. In addition, the water extract showed the highest reduction of melanin content of up to 20% more than the control group when examined with B16F10 cell line, indicating a significant skin-whitening effect. Furthermore, we were able to show the significant skin wrinkle improvement caused by C. asiatica extract with NHDF cell as an indicator, but strong cytotoxicity was also observed, suggesting that further studies are necessary.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a tool for assessing foreigners' understanding of oral health information in Korea called the Test of Korean Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry(TOKFHLiD) and examined validity and reliability of the tool. The TOKFHLiD consists of two literacy assessment parts: Dental Information Sentence(DIS) aims to assess one's literacy of sentences containing oral health information. Dental Information Document(DID) aims to assess one's numeracy and literacy of documents containing oral health information. Methods: Twenty eight preliminary questions were developed based on various medical care literature such as the agreement to diagnosis and treatment and the treatment precautions. DID using 14 preliminary questions was developed based on the appointment card, the treatment schedule, and labels on oral care products. The 42 preliminary questions in the DIS and the DID were subsequently put through four separate expert reviews, in which questions with content validity score of less than 0.8(13/15 points) were corrected and modified by five dental experts and then were corrected for language errors by two Korean language experts. The preliminary assessment tool was tested on 153 Koreans, and ${\chi}^2$ test was performed on the ratio of respondents who comprehended each question, the ratio of respondents who chose the correct answer for each question with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the 42 preliminary questions, 1 question in DIS and 1 question in DID, for which the ratio of Korean respondents who chose the correct answers did not exceed the acceptable level of 80%, were excluded and a final assessment tool was completed with 40 questions. Conclusions: Following the development and application of the tool, examination of the TOKHLiD for validity and reliability revealed that this assessment tool is adequate for assessing oral health information literacy of foreigners who are using oral hygiene medical services in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of branded pork by feeding probiotics and crossbred between Korean native and wild pigs. Crude protein contents showed in order of Brand A>Brand B>control (P<0.05), while crude fat contents showed Brand A to be lower (P<0.05) than control and Brand B. The pH of Brand B was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control and Brand A. Cooking loss (%) showed Brand A to be lower (P<0.05) than control, but there was not different between Brand A and Brand B. Lightness value showed Brand B to be lower (P<0.05) than control and Brand A. Brand A had the highest (P<0.05) springiness value. For fatty acid profile among branded pork loins, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was highest (P<0.05) for Brand A, but lowest (P<0.05) for Brand B. Brand B had the highest (P<0.05) unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) and essential fatty acid (EFA), USFA : SFA ratio, EFA : SFA ratio, and EFA : USFA ratio. Essential amino acid contents of Brand B was higher (P<0.05) than control and Brand A.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.243-254
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• 2005

Great Britain and the United States and Finland are having an interest in long policy subject about child design education through early design education. And they approaches and practices it systematically. The research about the design learning program instance of advanced nation of primary school's design education for various objective is necessary for use with the fundamental reference data for an elementary design education. And so, This research presented the program instance investigation and analysis result of British primary school's design education. U.K is teaching an primary design education from two subjects of Art & Design and Design and Technology which is a legal subject with national curriculum. The analysis result of design relation unit learning program of two subjects is: Design relation unit learning programs of 'Design and Technology' subject's 20 unit which except 4 food relation unit is largely scientific engineering contents that include utility function contents in part. The reason is as behavior styles based on Design process solve problems scientifically & rationally. Design relation 6 units in subject of Art & Design which except the units which relates with the pure fine arts and architecture in 19 units is aesthetic-symbolic and utility-functional contents largely. And so, the result was analyzed about relation of scientific-engineering content of 'Arts & Design' subject is insufficient comparing with 'Design and Technology' subject Specially, I think that the design relation's unit learning program instances of 'Design and Technology' subject of the British primary school which have been presented by this research paper is a possibility becoming one reference model for a program development. And so I expects that this research could be applied in the program development for the primary design education of primary teacher & education agency.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

Today's advertisement is dominated by visual images, which deliver messages in the most efficient and engaging way. Vivid and live images, through multimedia, attract the viewer to consume the products being advertised. In this course, the effect of 'Verfremdung' or alienation is often detected. This terminology was at first used in a epic play of Bertolt Brecht to signify a specific effect to block the empathy of the audience by reminding them of their position as the audience separate from the play. 'Verfremdung' helps them to have a sense of objectivity and critical attitude toward the performance. Multimedia commercials nowadays exhibit such a quality together with 'viewer participation:' criticism on reality: and 'speed.' In an advertisement for Shinsegi Communications' mobile system titled <017-I-Touch series, the hand transformed into a web>, the copy, 'my blood type is 'i', ' is accompanied by six unrelated fictitious scenes in which the same ocean appears as a common denominator. Because there is no connection between the scenes, free imagination of the viewer has to be involved and thus plays a significant role in making them into a context. This fact dearly exhibit some characteristics of post- modern advertisement. Momentary 'Gap' and 'Difference' between scenes contribute to 'Verfremdung' or alienation' that makes it hard for the consumers to comprehend the content on the spot. Such an uneasy situation, however, keeps the viewers thinking about the advertisement itself. While repeatedly exposed to the alienated images, the viewers come to get involved in the advertisement, trying to make the fragmented images into a coherent context. In addition, the leaps between the scenes produce a sense of 'speed' in a context, which adds more impact to the way of delivering messages using multimedia. With the help of multimedia, 'Verfremdung: which was originally intended to bring about objective and critical altitude of the audience in a play, plays a crucial role in attracting the viewer's attention and conveying a specific message in a moment in contemporary advertisement.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2009

Total polyphenol contents and antioxidative activity of water and ethanol extracts from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaves, branches (bough and twig) and roots were analyzed. The level of crude ash and crude protein in water extract of leaves, branches (bough and twig), and roots were shown to be a bit higher than ethanol extracts. Especially crude protein contents from water extract of leaves, bough, twig, and roots were 14.90, 18.60, 18.03, and 16.61% respectively. Total polyphenol content of ethanol extracts of all parts of Sea buckthorn was ranged from 106.33${\pm}$2.32 ${\mu}g/g$ to 147.78${\pm}$3.06 ${\mu}g/g$ showing higher amount than water extracts. To investigate antioxidative activity of Sea buckthorn, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, hydroxy radical scavenging activity, and SOD-like activity were analyzed. The results showed that the antioxidative activity of ethanol extracts was relatively higher than water extracts. The $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH free radical scavenging activity was ranged from 23.58${\pm}$0.84 ${\mu}g/mL$ to 59.35${\pm}$1.69 ${\mu}g/mL$. Compared to 68.85${\pm}$1.44% of SOD-like activity from L-ascorbic acid used as a control, the ethanol extract of Sea buckthorn branches showed relatively strong activity of 35.03${\pm}$2.33%. The highest hydroxy radical scavenging activity was shown as 66.12${\pm}$8.73% from ethanol extract of Sea buckthorn roots which was similar value to 72.47${\pm}$2.83% of L-ascorbic acid.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine optimal length of off-time between irrigation cycles to improve irrigation efficiency using a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensor-automated irrigation (FAI) system for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation aimed at minimizing effluent from coir substrate hydroponics. For treatments, the 5-minute off-time length between 3-minute run-times (defined as 3R5F), 10-minute off-time length between 3-minute run-times (defined as 3R10F), or 15-minute off-time length between 5-minute run-times (defined as 5R15F) were set. During the 3-minute or 5-minute run-time, a 60mL or 80mL of nutrient solution was irrigated to each plant, respectively. Until 62 days after transplant (DAT) during the autumn to winter cultivation, daily irrigation volume was in the order of 3R5F (858mL) > 5R15F (409mL) > 3R10F (306mL) treatment, and daily drainage ratio was in the order of 3R5F (44%) > 5R15F (23%) > 3R10F (14%). Between 63 and 102 DAT, daily irrigated volume was in the order of 5R15F (888mL) > 3R5F (695mL) > 3R10F (524mL) with the highest drainage ratio, 19% (${\pm}2.6$), at the 5R15F treatment. During the spring to summer cultivation, daily irrigation volume and drainage ratio per plant was higher in the 3R5F treatment than that of the 3R10F treatment. For both cultivations, a higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed under the 3R10F treatment. Integrated all the data suggest that the optimal off-time length is 10 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of photosynthetic bacteria to chlorella or ${\omega}-yeast$ on Browth of the rotifer and its dietary value for flounder, Paralicbthys oliraceus. The rotifer fed the chlorella (200,000 cells/ind./day) with the addition of 20 times the photosynthetic bacteria of the chlorella concentration showed the highest growth. But the specific growth rate of 100,000 chlorella/ind./day with the addition of 30 times the photosynthetic bacteria was the most economical feeding regime for mass culture of the rotifer. The rotifer frd ${\omega}-yeast$ with 200,000 cells/ind./days with the addition of 20 times the photosynthetic bacteria of the chlorella conecentration showed the highest growth. Growth and survial rate of the larvae of Paralichithys oiivaceus fed the rotifer reared on both chlorella and ${\omega}-yeast$ with the addition of photosynthetic bacteria were higher than those without the bacteria, and the chlorella had better dietary value than the ${\omega}-yeast$ for the larvae. The larvae fed the rotifer which was cultured with the chlorella of 200,000 cells/ind./day and the photosynthetic bacteria of $4{\times}10^6$ cells/ind./day showed the highest survial rate and growth. The larvae reared with the addition of the photosynthetic bacteris had higher total lipid and the total content of EPA and DHA than those reared without the bacteria. The larvae fed the enriched artemia nauplius with the photosynthetic bacteria also showed higher suurval rate and growth than those fed the nauplius without the enrichment. The optimum enrichment concentration of the photosynthetic bacteria for artemia nauplius was $2{\times}1^7\;cells/ml$. The addition of the photosynthetic bacteria to the chlorella and the ${\omega}-yeast$ was effective to growth of the rotifer and dietary value for the flounder larvae. However, an excessive addition of the bacteria decreased both the growth of the rotifer and the dietary of the larvae.