• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate determinent factors of the internet addiction that have influenced on middle school students. We randomly selected each one middle school in urban and rural areas, and conducted survey in 862 students of 2nd and 3rd grade from September 1 to 15, 2005. By using a statistical program called SPSS10.0, the data collected thereby were analyzed through a series of statistical methods including $x^2$-test, logistic regression analysis. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that the significant variables in urban area were resting time and using time a day. In rural area, sex, economic level, resting time and using time a day were significant variables. Higher status of internet addiction showed significant relationship with physical problems, anxiety, maladjustment to school, insufficient sleep time, fatigue in eyes, headache, pain in neck or shoulder, chronic fatigue, reduced vision, weight reduction, indigestion, xeroderma and adjustment to school. Especially, resting time and using time a day have dominant influence on internet addiction. And in case that the groups who showed high addiction tendency, there were negative health problem by physical, mental and social problem. To prevent internet addiction health education programs of right internet use and time, importance of rest, and health problems must be considered in internet addiction prevention policy.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

In semi-transverse ventilation system applied for road tunnel, adjustment of the port opening ratio is an essential part for uniform airflow rate per unit length over the entire tunnel. However, it has not been considered decently throughout the design process and operating of the tunnel. Therefore, in this study, we developed a program for the calculation of the opening size ratio of supply or exhaust port in transverse ventilation system and carried out the research to present a management plan for the port. In supply duct system, the opening size of the port had a tendency to increase and then decrease later when it gradually becomes closer toward the bulkhead at the beginning of the duct the minimum opening degree is to appeared as 56%. In the exhaust system, port size is the smallest at the beginning of duct as 15%, has shown a tendency to increase towards the bulk head. As results of estimating the air flow rate for 300 m intervals, the exhaust flow rate in the center of tunnel appeared to be extremely low as 8.1% and 12.5% when port size is constant and is adjusted supply type. Thus, even if the normal ventilation efficiency is declines, yet it is highly recommend adjusting the port size in order to obtain a uniform flow rate at fire accidents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.10021-10025
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• 2014

Background: The study aimed to describe the age distribution of breast cancer diagnosis among Chinese females for comparison with the United States and the European Union, and provide evidence for the screening target population in China. Materials and Methods: Median age was estimated from hospital databases from 7 tertiary hospitals in China. Population-based data in China, United States and European Union was extracted from the National Central Cancer Registry, SEER program and GLOBOCAN 2008, respectively. Age-standardized distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis in the 3 areas was estimated based on the World Standard Population 2000. Results: The median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was around 50 in China, nearly 10 years earlier than United States and European Union. The diagnosis age in China did not vary between subgroups of calendar year, region and pathological characteristics. With adjustment for population structure, median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was 50~54 in China, but 55~59 in United States and European Union. Conclusions: The median diagnosis age of female breast cancer is much earlier in China than in the United States and the European Union pointing to racial differences in genetics and lifestyle. Screening programs should start at an earlier age for Chinese women and age disparities between Chinese and Western women warrant further studies.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.337-366
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• 2015

This study had begun about the conflict between a lack of social adjustment and integration program for resident foreigners in Korea and a duplication of multicultural service in a specific area. This study was implemented through literature review and interview for analyses of the current status and problems of multicultural policy, subdivided into 3-stages model to reach the multiculturalism as multicultural policy process. The first stage suggested the unification of a channel for establishing a policies, reinforcing the functions of government ministries and the cooperation between the branches of the government. The second stage attempted to build the multicutural institutes network in a specific area unit, considering of the geographical and administrative environments. The third stage focused on the activities of individual organizations and proposed collaboration with library, school, support center for multi-cultural families, social service center, sport center, community center, and cultural facility. Additionally, 3-stages model emphasized on civic organization's role. This study was offered a meta-platform leaded by library community for sharing the information about planning and managing of multicutural programs and also mentioned significances for formulating multicutural policies. As a result, this study was presented and specified the 3-stages model to reach the multiculturalism, and verified the various considerations which have influenced the refinements of the multicultural policies as the demographic and geographical characteristics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between past smoking and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Methods : From January 2007 to December 2007, a total of 3,916 over thirty years old male health screen examinees were divided into the nonsmoking, smoking, ex-smoking groups. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the criteria of the NCEP ATP III(Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program). Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following: a blood pressure $\geq$ 130/85 mmHg, a fasting glucose level $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, a HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) level < 40 mg/dL, a triglyceride level $\geq$ 150 mg/dL and, a waist circumference men $\geq$ 102 cm, but a waist to hip ratio > 0.90 was used as a surrogate for the waist circumference. Results : After adjustment for age, alcohol consumption and, exercise in the smokers, for the ex-smokers compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) of a lower HDL cholesterol level (<40 mg/dL) was 1.29 (95% CI=1.03-1.61) in the smokers, the ORs of a higher triglyceride level were 1.35 (95% CI=1.09-1.66) in the ex-smokers and, 2.12 (95% CI=1.75-2.57) in the smokers, and the OR of a waist to hip ratio was 1.25 (95% CI=1.03-1.52) in the ex-smokers. When there were over three components of metabolic syndrome in the ex-smokers and smokers as compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio against the risk of metabolic syndrome were 2.39 (95% CI=1.00-6.63) and 2.37 (95% CI=1.02-6.46), respectively. Conclusions : The present study suggested that there is an association of smoking with metabolic syndrome in men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating habits and health among adolescents in Shanghai and Heze, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 2,089 adolescents; 1,089 students were from Shanghai and 999 students from Heze region. Eating habits, weight, height, and nutritional knowledge were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Eating habits score was classified into two categories: healthy eating habits and unhealthy eating habits, based on "Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey", for statistical data analysis. Associations between eating habits, BMI, and nutritional knowledge were examined using a general linear model with adjustment of potential confounding factors such as region, gender, age, parents' education level, and pocket money. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS (version 9.3) program. Proportions of healthy eating habits group were 90.0% for breakfast (3-7 times/wk), 29.1% for fruit (${\geq}once/d$), 12.5% for vegetable (${\geq}3times/d$), 7.3% for milk (${\geq}2times/d$), 90.0% for fast food (<3 times/wk) consumption, respectively. The average BMI score was 20.1 (Shanghai 20.5 Heze 19.6), which is in the range of normal weight. Rates of obesity and overweight were 16.5% and 8.3% in Shanghai and Heze, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between intake frequencies of breakfast, fast food, biscuits, sugar, chocolate, and BMI score. Eating habits and nutritional knowledge score showed a significant positive correlation. These results showed better eating habits regarding eating regularity and consumption of fruits and soft drinks in Chinese adolescents compared with Korean adolescents, although cultural differences were not fully considered. This study demonstrated significant associations of BMI and nutritional knowledge with dietary behavior in Chinese adolescents in two regions of China. Further studies on Chinese adolescents from other regions in China should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.471-479
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between ADHD, depression, anxiety, suicide risk and suicide risk of university freshmen, and to investigate factors affecting suicide risk of university freshmen. As a result, the correlation between suicide risk and ADHD, depression, and anxiety were statistically significant. The correlation between suicide risk and ADHD (r=-.411) was moderately negative, while depression (r=-.594) and anxiety (r=-.563) were high negative correlations. According to the logistic regression analysis, the significant factors affecting suicide risk of college freshmen were ADHD, depression, and anxiety. In the abnormal group of variables, ADHD (OR=3.17; 95% CI 1.36-7.38), depression (OR=10.80; 95% CI 4.32-27.02) and anxiety (OR=3.39; 95% CI 1.55-7.41) were identified as influencing factors. As such, suicide risk groups of college freshmen are highly associated with ADHD, depression, and anxiety. Therefore, personal counseling and regular psychological tests of college freshmen will be provided to the high-risk suicide program to help students' psychological stability and adjustment to school life.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vision and hearing limitation on the onset of disability among Korean elderly with the consideration of social participation and depression. Study population consisted of 2,670 people aged 65 and above who participated in both the 1st(2006) and 2nd(2008) wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLoSA), and also reported no ADL or IADL disability in 2006. As the results, first, it found that vision and hearing limitation, social participation, and depression were significant risk factors for the onset of IADL disability in unadjusted analysis. After multivariable adjustment, however, only vision limitation showed significant association with the onset of IADL disability. Second, in the logistic analysis with four categorized variables(vision/hearing limitation + social participation, vision/hearing limitation + depression), the elderly who had vision or hearing limitation had a significantly 1.7 times higher odds ratio for disability onset if they also had low social participation compared with those who had no vision or hearing limitation, and high social participation. Whereas, depression was not significantly associated with the relationship between vision or hearing limitation, and disability onset. The study suggests that the intervention program developed to prevent social isolation of older people with vision or hearing limitation, may be helpful to reduce and postpone the risk of disability onset as well as early detection and treatment of vision or hearing problems.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1311-1327
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• 2010

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between depression and subjective/objective health status, and to examine predicting factors on depression in the elderly in Korea. This study was a secondary analysis using the data of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(VI-1) 2007. A total of 939 data from the subjects ≥60 years who completed health-related survey were used for analysis. Data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.1) PC program. Depression was identified in the 20.3% of the older subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that women (OR=2.04), senior high school graduation (OR=0.27) and lowermiddle household income (OR=2.83) were significant associating factors(p<0.05). After adjustment for socio-demographic factors, hypertension (OR=1.93) and asthma (OR=3.32) as objective health status, and stress (OR=7.27), limited activity in daily living due to fracture or joint injury (OR=6.59) and poor self-rate health (OR=1.64) as subjective health status were found as factors predicting depression in the elderly(p<0.05). According to the type of health status, the subjects who had chronic disease or perceived poor physical health were 5.94 times more likely to have disposition to depression than the subjects who had no chronic disease or perceived good physical health (p=0.001). These findings suggest that preventive education and intervention focus on preventing and managing chronic diseases such as hypertension, asthma, fracture and joint injury should be needed to decrease depression in the elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to bone mineral contents (BMC) at os calcis of adolescents. The subjects were 604 students (327 boys and 277 girls) between 7th and 9th grade in Seoul, Korea. The mean age was 14.2 ${\pm}$ 0.9 years. General characteristics were collected by a questionnaire, bone mineral contents (BMC) were measured in os calcis by Duel Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (PIXI, General Electronics, USA) and height and weight were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean BMC of os calsis were 2.241 g. Height (p <.0001), weight (p <.0001I), BMC (p <.0001I) ofboys were higher than those of girls. Percent body fat of girls, however, was higher than that of boys (p <.0001). Anthropometric measurement, pocket money, sibling, experience of fracture, pubertal stage, intake of supplements, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of boys. Anthropometric measurement, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of girls. Multivariate regression with adjustment for sex and age showed that BMC was associated positively with height, BMI, frequency of regular activity, and intake of spinach or radish leaves (all p <0.05), and negatively with percent body fat (p <.0000 and Korean traditional diet pattern (p = 0.01). On the basis of these results, it is recommended to develop nutrition education and physical activity program for adolescents to improve BMC and prevent osteoporosis.