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Numerical Study on the Supply and Exhaust Port Size and Fire Management Method in the Semi-transverse Ventilation System for Road Tunnel

도로터널 반횡류환기시스템에서 급배기 포트개도 및 화재시 운영방안에 관한 수치해석적 연구

  • Ryu, Ji-Oh (Department of Automotive Engineering, Shinhan Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Su (Graduate School, Incheon National Univ.) ;
  • Rie, Dong-Ho (Fire Disaster Prevention Research Center Incheon National Univ.)
  • Received : 2016.02.29
  • Accepted : 2016.04.11
  • Published : 2016.04.30

Abstract

In semi-transverse ventilation system applied for road tunnel, adjustment of the port opening ratio is an essential part for uniform airflow rate per unit length over the entire tunnel. However, it has not been considered decently throughout the design process and operating of the tunnel. Therefore, in this study, we developed a program for the calculation of the opening size ratio of supply or exhaust port in transverse ventilation system and carried out the research to present a management plan for the port. In supply duct system, the opening size of the port had a tendency to increase and then decrease later when it gradually becomes closer toward the bulkhead at the beginning of the duct the minimum opening degree is to appeared as 56%. In the exhaust system, port size is the smallest at the beginning of duct as 15%, has shown a tendency to increase towards the bulk head. As results of estimating the air flow rate for 300 m intervals, the exhaust flow rate in the center of tunnel appeared to be extremely low as 8.1% and 12.5% when port size is constant and is adjusted supply type. Thus, even if the normal ventilation efficiency is declines, yet it is highly recommend adjusting the port size in order to obtain a uniform flow rate at fire accidents.

도로터널에 적용하는 반횡류환기방식은 터널의 전연장에 걸쳐서 단위길이당 풍량이 균일하게 될 수 있도록 포트의 개도 조정이 필수적이다. 그러나 현재 국내에서 운영중인 터널의 경우에는 설계시 이에 대한 고려가 적절히 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 개도계산을 위한 프로그램을 개발하고 반횡류환기방식의 터널에서 포트의 운영방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과, 포트의 개도는 급기방식의 덕트에서는 환기소측에서 덕트의 말단(bulk head)쪽으로 갈수록 증가하였다가 감소하는 경향을 가지며, 최소 개도는 56% 정도로 나타나고 있다. 또한 배기방식에서는 환기소측이 15% 정도로 가장 작고 bulk head 쪽으로 갈수록 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 화재시 300 m 구간의 배연풍량을 검토한 결과, 포트사이즈를 조정하지 않는 경우와 급기방식으로 포트사이즈을 조정한 경우에는 터널중앙부의 배연량이 각각 8.1%와 12.5%로 터널중앙부의 배연풍량이 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 반횡류환기방식의 터널에서는 평상시 환기효율이 저하하더라도 배연시 균일한 풍량을 얻을 수 있도록 포트의 개도를 설정하여 운영하는 것이 반드시 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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