• Title/Summary/Keyword: scattering effect

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A Study on Wave Propagation and Scattering in Purple Membrane and β-carotene (Purple Membrane과 β-carotene에서 산란과 파동전파에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Jun;Park, Tae-Sul;Sung, Wan-Mo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.136-142
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    • 2016
  • The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in random media were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength, it has been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence(LIF). The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical parameters(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$). Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used in Photodynamic therapy. The interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process. We measured scattering and fluorescence spectra of the sample in vitro as function of distance from lase source to detector. The value of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ is and ${\beta}$-carotene were measured as larger values(I, ${\delta}$) by means of closer distance from source to detector.

Prediction of Color Reproduction using the Scattering and Absorption Coefficients derived from the Kubelka-Munk model in Package Printing (패키지 인쇄에 있어서 Kubelka-Munk Model 유래의 산란 및 흡수 계수를 이용한 색상 재현성 예측)

  • Hyun, Young-joo;Park, Jae-sang;Tae, Hyun-chul
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 2021
  • With the development of package printing technology, the package has expanded from the basic function of protecting products to the marketing function through package design. Color, the visual element that composes the package design, is delivered to the consumer most quickly and effectively. As color marketing of these package designs expands, accurate color reproduction that the product wants to express is becoming more important. The color of an object is transmitted by absorption and scattering of light. Spectral reflectance refers to the intensity of light reflected by an object at different wavelengths by the spectral effect. As a result, the color of the object is expressed in various colors. Packaged printing inks have their own absorption and scattering coefficients, and the Kubelka-Munk model for color reproduction and prediction defines the relationship between these correlation coefficients through reflectance. In the Kubelka-Munk model for color reproduction and prediction, the relationship between the absorption and scattering coefficients (K/S) of printed material is predicted as the sum of the K/S values according to the mixing ratio of all color ink used. In this study, the reflectance of the measured print is reversely calculated at the mixing ratio of print ink using the Kubelka-Munk model. Through this, the relationship value of the ink-specific absorption/scattering coefficient constituting the final printed material is predicted. Delta E is derived through the predicted reflectance, and the similarity between the measured value and the predicted value is confirmed.

A Study on Pattern Fabrication using Proximity Effect Correction in E-Beam Lithography (전자빔 리소그래피에서의 근접효과 보정을 이용한 패턴 제작에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Se-Kyu;Kim, Dong-Hwan;Kim, Seung-Jae
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2009
  • This study describes the electron beam lithography pattern fabrication using the proximity effect correction. When electron beam exposes into electron beam resist, the beam tends to spread inside the substance (forward scattering). And the electron beam reflected from substrate spreads again (back scattering). These two effects influence to distribution of the energy and give rise to a proximity effect while a small pattern is generated. In this article, an electron energy distribution is modeled using Gaussian shaped beam distribution and those parameters in the model are computed to solidify the model. The proximity effect is analyzed through simulations and appropriate corrections to reducing the proximity effect are suggested. It is found that the proximate effect can be reduced by adopting schemes of dose adjustment, and the optimal dose is determined through simulations. The proposed corrected proximity effect correction is proved by experiments.

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Light Scattering Effect of Incorporated PVP/Ag Nanoparticles on the Performance of Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

  • Heo, Il-Su;Park, Da-Som;Im, Sang-Gyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.08a
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    • pp.221-221
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    • 2012
  • Small-molecule organic photovoltaic cells have recently attracted growing attention due to their potential for the low-cost fabrication of flexible and lightweight solar modules. The PVP/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of poly vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and silver nitrate at $150^{\circ}C$. In the reaction, the size of the nanoparticles was controlled by relative mole fractions between PVP and Ag. The PVP/Ag nanoparticles with various sizes were then spin coated on the patterned ITO glass prior to the deposition of the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer. The scattering of the incident light caused by these incorporated nanoparticles resulted in an increase in the path length of the light through the active layer and hence the enhancement of the light absorption. This scattering effect increased as the size of the nanoparticles increased, but it was offset by the decrease in total transmittance caused by the non-transparent nanoparticles. As a result, the maximum power conversion efficiency, 0.96% which was the value enhanced by 14% compared to the cell without incorporation of nanoparticles, was obtained when the mole fraction of PVP:Ag was 24:1 and the size of the nanoparticles was 20~40 nm.

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Diameter Effect of Silver Nanorod Arrays to Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

  • Gu, Geun Hoi;Kim, Min Young;Yoon, Hyeok Jin;Suh, Jung Sang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.725-730
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    • 2014
  • The effect the diameter of silver nanorod arrays whose distance between the nanorods was uniform at 65 nm have on Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been studied by varying the diameter from 28 to 51 nm. Nanorod length was fixed at approximately 62 nm, which is the optimum length for SERS by excitation with a 632.8 nm laser line. The transverse and longitudinal modes of the surface plasmon of these silver nanorods were near 400 and 630 nm, respectively. The extinction of the longitudinal mode increased with increasing nanorod diameter, while the transverse mode did not change significantly. High-quality SERS spectra of p-aminothiophenol and benzenethiol adsorbed on the tips of the silver nanorods were observed by excitation with a 632.8 nm laser line. The SERS enhancement increased with increasing nanorod diameter. We concluded that the SERS enhancement increases when the diameter of silver nanorods is increased mainly by increasing the excitation efficiency of the longitudinal mode. The enhancement factor for the silver nanorods with a 51 nm diameter was approximately $2{\times}10^7$.

Light Scattering Effect Based Silica in Dye-sensitized $TiO_2$ Photovoltaic Cells ($TiO_2$ 광전극의 광산란 특성을 이용한 염료감응형 태양전지)

  • Wang, Jiao;Jin, En Mei;Zhao, Xingguan;Park, Kyung-Hee;Gu, Hal-Bon;Park, Bok-Kee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.213-213
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    • 2010
  • In this thesis, we studied to increased to solar conversion efficiency of DSSC (dye-sensitized solar cell) using nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ semiconductor. We are preparation of $TiO_2$ photoelectrode, assembly the DSSC and put a focus in analyses electrochemical properties of DSSC and using Silica powder in $TiO_2$ photoelectrode for increase light scattering effect and improved conversion efficiency. It attempt to investigate the morphology of the photoelectrode and photovoltaic effects using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photovoltaic properties under illumination with AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. We got 146 % enhanced power conversion efficiency when the optimal content of quartz glass powder was 5 wt.% than that another content.

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Effect of Adhesion layer on the Optical Scattering Properties of Plasmonic Au Nanodisc (접착층을 고려한 플라즈모닉 금 나노 디스크의 광산란 특성)

  • Kim, Jooyoung;Cho, Kyuman;Lee, Kyeong-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.46 no.7
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    • pp.464-470
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    • 2008
  • Metallic nanostructures have great potential for bio-chemical sensor applications due to the excitation of localized surface plasmon and its sensitive response to environmental change. Unlike the commonly explored absorption-based sensing, the optical scattering provides single particle detection scheme. For the localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, the metallic nanostructures with controlled shape and size have been usually fabricated on adhesion-layer pre-coated transparent glass substrates. In this study, we calculated the optical scattering properties of plasmonic Au nanodisc using a discrete dipole approximation method and analyzed the effect of adhesion layer on them. Our result also indicates that there is a trade-off between the surface plasmon damping and the capability of supporting nanostructures in determining the optimal thickness of adhesion layer. Marginal thickness of Ti adhesion layer for supporting Au nanostructures fabricated on a silica glass substrate was experimentally analyzed by an adhesion strength test using a nano-indentation technique.

Laser Thomson Scattering Measurements and Modelling on the Electron Behavior in a Magnetic Neutral Loop Discharge Plasma

  • Sung, Youl-Moon;Kim, Hee-Je;Park, Chung-Hoo
    • KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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    • v.11C no.4
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2001
  • Laser Thomson scattering measurements of electrom temperature and density in a neutral loop discharge (NLD) plasma were performed in order to reveal the electron behavior around the neutral loop (NL). The experimental results were examined by using a simulation model that included effects of a three dimensional electromagnetic field with spatial decay of the RF electric field, and the limitation of the spatial extent of the electron motion and collision effect. From the experiments and modeling of the electron behavior, it was found that NLD plasma posses the electron temeprature $T_{e}$ and density ne peaks around the NL is essential for the formation of plasma. Also, the optimum condition of plasma production could be simply estimated by the calculation of $U_{av}$ and $F_{0}$././.

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Dynamic Response of Charge Transfer and Recombination at Various Electrodes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Investigated Using Intensity Modulated Photocurrent and Photovoltage Spectroscopy

  • Kim, Gyeong-Ok;Ryu, Kwang-Sun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.469-472
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    • 2012
  • Intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy were investigated to measure the dynamic response of charge transfer and recombination in the standard, $TiCl_4$-treated and the combined scattering layer electrode dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). IMPS and IMVS provided transit time ($\tau_n$), lifetime ($\tau_r$), diffusion coefficient ($D_n$) and effective diffusion length ($L_n$). These expressions are derived that generation, collection, and recombination of electrons in a thin layer nanocrystalline DSSC under conditions of steady illumination and with a superimposed small amplitude modulation. In this experimental, IMPS/IMVS showed that the main effect of $TiCl_4$ treatment is to suppress the recombination of photogenerated electrons, thereby extending their lifetime. And the Diffusion coefficient of combined scattering layer electrode is $6.10{\times}10^{-6}$ higher than that of the others, resulting in longer diffusion length.