• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present our clinical results after surgical treatment in tarsal tunnel syndrome due to space occupying lesions. Material and Methods: We performed surgical decompression for tarsal tunnel syndrome in 20 patients from July 2004 to February 2007. Out of them, thirteen cases were due to space occupying lesions around the tarsal tunnel. The average age at operation was 51.3 years old and the duration from symptom onset to surgery was 16.5 months. The operation included removal of space occupying lesions and tarsal tunnel decompression. The clinical parameters were pain visual analogue scale (VAS), AOFAS scale, and subjective satisfaction. Results: The ganglion cysts were the most frequent causes (ten cases) and synovial chondromatosis in 1 case, neurofibroma in 1 case, talocalcaneal coalition in 1 case. The average follow-up duration was 14.5 months. The AOFAS scale showed significant improvement from 77.8 to 92.7. The average VAS decreased from 6.4 to 2.2. Seven out of thirteen patients were satisfied with the results. The excellent results were shown in six patients, the good results in one patient, the fair result in three patients and the unsatisfactory results in three patients. Conclusion: Favorable results could be obtained in patients with known etiology. But not all cases with surgical decompression of space occupying lesions showed satisfactory results. We assume that the clinical results were related to the multiple factors, not only well performed surgery but also age, size lesions and duration of symptoms, ect.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.57-70
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• 2006

I devised this study for setting up the location marketing policy that was the most suitable to medium and small-sized enterprises. For this, I classified 3 factors and analyzed location environment levels of an enterprise. First factor is 'an assistance policy factor' which is composed of assistance policies of local governments and central-government. Second is 'an accumulation factor' which is composes of the same category of business or accumulation of an allied industry, the abundant selling market, innovative industry atmosphere, and accumulations of various innovative organs such as a college, a research organization. Third is 'a location base factor' which is composed of a desirable information communications net and accessibility on wide area traffic networks such as an airport, a railroad, an expressway. I also analyzed three location environment levels of business scale.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.97-112
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sandplay therapy for couples on the self-differentiation, and heterosexual relationship satisfaction, of couples who are college students'. The subjects were four couples who are college students living in Seoul with low self-differentiation and heterosexual relationship satisfaction. I carried out sandplay therapy on four couples for once a week for 10 weeks, and each session was 70 minutes long. In this study, the self-differentiation scale was modified for Korea on the basis of Bowen's family systems theory (1976), and it was used as a research tool. Yu (2000) and Lee (2000) made a scale to measure heterosexual relationship satisfaction after they adjusted the Korea Marital Satisfaction Inventory (K-MSI). The scale was also used in order to compare pre-therapy and post-therapy traits and identify any changes. In addition, the group's behavior and interactions were observed and recorded in each session throughout the process of sandplay therapy with the couples, and the behanior and interactions were analyzed along with the change flow in the sand trays. The study's outcomes are summed up as follows. First, sandplay therapy with couples advances the level of self-differentiation in college students. Second, sandplay therapy with couples improves the heterosexual relationship satisfaction on college students. Third, the trays used in sandplay therapy with couples showed positive changes as the therapy progressed. As the sessions continued, negative factors in the trays decreased and the trays converged into one. As the sessions proceeded, it was observed that the couples became closer, felt more comfortable with each other, compromised and reflected on their relationship. The study's results show that sandplay therapy with couples increased the level of self-differentiation in college students and heterosexual relationship satisfaction, thus proving the therapy's effectiveness.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 1994

Many alternatives have been discussed to reduce the medical expenditure and to use the medical resources effectively. Many studies about the economies of scale have been done for the last several decades. This study has analyzed the relationship between the number of beds and the mean expense per hospitalization day in Korea. A Cost Function Model was identified and we wanted to see the minimum optimal size with the cheapest mean expense per hospitalization day. The result is as follows; 1. In the Cost Function Mode, (the number of beds)$^{2}$, the number of personnel, productivity and training institutions are the factors that statisticaly influence the mean expenses. 2. By the univariate analysis the mean expense proved to be the smallest as the level of 150-200bed, The breaked down of the components of expenses shows that the mean labor cost is much different from the mean value of material and administration costs, and that hospital with 150-200 beds also have the minimal expense. The mean expense goes up dramatically in hospitals of 450 beds or more. 3. When the other conditions are constant, according to the multiple regression analysis of the mean expense per adjusted hospitalization day the minimum optimal size with the cheapest expense is a hospital with 191 beds and the hospital with 230 beds takes the lowest mean labor cost. The material or administration costs are not influenced by hospital size. This research has limitation in measuring the variables that influence hospital xpenses, in estimating hospital output by the number of beds in considering outpatient cost and in securing representativeness of hospitals because many hospitals made no responses to the research questionnare. But it is valuable and helpful for development of health policy to figure out the number of beds with the cheapest expense per hospitalization day.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.343-367
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• 2009

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2000 and 2007 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation factors and determining factors for investment. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment with the existing theory which convinces the need of competitive advantage for investing overseas. I set actual model and analyze results from it with the considering that it is so important to get knowledge and information for globalizing companies to invest overseas and companies, which want to be world leading ones for their field through innovation and changes, need to have more active strategy. And, the overseas investment, which was already done in other countries, 1. Review its realities and tendency in terms of investing countries, investing industries, and its scale. 2. Set up an actual model, based on strategic combination of investing location select and determination of Korean manufacturing companies and yearly investing factor-effect analysis. 3. Analyze how the situational factors have influenced and what factors would be considered for direct overseas investment. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, avoiding customs, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, which emphasizes to manage trade income and outgo, keeping the balance in the black, ensuring raw materials, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-288
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• 2019

It has continuously promoted to scale up the agricultural management body in order to cope with the market-opening pressure such as the UR negotiation, the DDA negotiation, and more conclusions of FTAs and to enhance the competitiveness of our agriculture. This study evaluated the factors associated with production organization participation centered on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in order to improve the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture in the aspect of production. In order to achieve this objective, this study evaluated the factors that contributed to participating in an organization using the bivariate probit model focusing on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in Chungnam. This study examined the validity and reliability of the study model through exploratory factor analysis. The results of factor analyses identified four factors: "distribution", "production", "organization operation", and "social capital". The results of the bivariate probit model showed that distribution significantly affected production activities and distribution, organization operation, agricultural income, and gender significantly influenced sale activities. Environmentally-friendly production organization had not been able to provide the productive support that was needed for local farmers to produce environmentally-friendly agricultural products in a region. Additionally, farming education did not provide the information needed by the farmers. Although producers had a network within a production organization, it was operated mainly for administrators. Therefore, participants felt somewhat lacking. This study identified the level of organization of producer organizations in Chungnam area, where environmentally-friendly agriculture is well activated. This study suggested implications for future production organization participation by evaluating factors affecting participation quantitatively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.478-484
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• 2016

Objective : To assess the clinical and radiological factors as predictors for successful outcomes in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treatment. Methods : Two groups of patients with single level LDH (L4-5) requiring treatment were retrospectively studied. The surgery group (SG) included 34 patients, and 30 patients who initially refused the surgery were included in the nerve blocks group (NG). A visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain and motor deficit were initially evaluated before procedures, and repeated at 1, 6, and 12 months. Radiological factors including the disc herniation length, disc herniation area, canal length-occupying ratio, and canal area-occupying ratio were measured and compared. Predicting factors of successful outcomes were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis after the optimal cut off values were established with a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results : There was no significant demographic difference between two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with radiological and clinical (12 months follow-up) data revealed that the high disc herniation length with cutoff value 6.31 mm [odds ratio (OR) 2.35; confidence interval (CI) 1.21-3.98] was a predictor of successful outcomes of leg pain relief in the SG. The low disc herniation length with cutoff value 6.23 mm (OR 0.05; CI 0.003-0.89) and high baseline VAS leg (OR 12.63; CI 1.64-97.45) were identified as predictors of successful outcomes of leg pain relief in the NG. Conclusion : The patients with the disc herniation length larger than 6.31 mm showed successful outcomes with surgery whereas the patients with the disc herniation length less than 6.23 mm showed successful outcomes with nerve block. These results could be considered as a radiological criteria in choosing optimal treatment options for LDH.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

The main objective of this research lies in estimating how much importance the educators of professional general education and MSC curriculum put on assessment, and, thereafter, take what support should be provided for the efficient assessment of education. The subjects of this research are educators of professional general education and MSC curriculum in the engineering education enrichment program at the 58 universities out of 72 universities where the accreditation for engineering education is implemented. Accordingly questionnaires were distributed to a total of 58 universities among which 136 questionnaires were collected. The data analysis methods, mean and response sample T test, were used in this research. The following conclusions were drawn from the results of this research. First, tile mean of importance and performance in the 'assessment activities' were relatively high. However, in tile assessment, the assessment performance was relatively lower than the assessment importance. Second, the results of the Importance-Performance Matrix in the 'assessment activities' was analyzed by two ways. First, Analyzed with the scale mean, The result means that Keep up the Good Work (KGW) sector included all factors. Second, Analyzed with the actual mean, The result means that KGW sector included 5 factors A, J, B, D, C. Possible Overkill(PO) sector included factors C, I. Low Priority(LP) sector included 4 factors K, E, H, L. Concentrate Here (CH) sector included factor G.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1996

30 DSM-III or DSM-III-R tic patients were assessed by hospital records and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale to study the common characteristics, clinical course and longterm outcome of tic disorders after 3.1-18.1 years, 73.3% of the patients(treated or untreated) have recovered or partially improved. Identifical precipitating factors were found in 9 patients. Associated disorders were ADHD, sleep disorder, and so on. The outcome according to age of onset, duration of follow-up and diagnoses have no statistically significance. Increased age at follow up was influenced improvement of tic symptoms, though statistically not significant(p=0.327). These results suggest that the outcome of tic disorder is not ominous and they are relatively good social adjustment inspite of carrying the tic symptoms. But this study has some limitations such as retrospective study and sample size. Studies designed prospectively with large sample would be needed to generalize theses results.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-90
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• 2003

When we think of fundamental problems of the aquaculture industry, there are several strict conditions, and consequently the aquaculture industry is forced to change. Fish aquaculture has a structural supply surplus in production, aggravation of fishing grounds, stagnant low price due to recent recession, and drastic change of distribution circumstances. It is requested for us to initiate discussion on such issue as “how fish aquaculture establishes its status in the coastal fishery\ulcorner, will fish aquaculture grow in the future\ulcorner, and if so “how it will be restructured\ulcorner” The above issues can be observed in the mariculture of yellow tail, sea scallop and eel. But there have not been studied concerning seabream even though the production is over 30% of the total production of fish aquaculture in resent and it occupied an important status in the fish aquaculture. The objectives of this study is to forecast the future movement of sea bream aquaculture. The first goal of the study is to contribute to managerial and economic studies on the aquaculture industry. The second goal is to identify the factors influencing the competition between production areas and to identify the mechanisms involved. This study will examine the competitive power in individual producing area, its behavior, and its compulsory factors based on case study. Producing areas will be categorized according to following parameters : distance to market and availability of transportation, natural environment, the time of formation of producing areas (leaderㆍfollower), major production items, scale of business and producing areas, degree of organization in production and sales. As a factor in shaping the production area of sea bream aquaculture, natural conditions especially the water temperature is very important. Sea bream shows more active feeding and faster growth in areas located where the water temperature does not go below 13∼14$^{\circ}C$ during the winter. Also fish aquaculture is constrained by the transporting distance. Aquacultured yellowtail is a mass-produced and a mass-distributed item. It is sold a unit of cage and transported by ship. On the other hand, sea bream is sold in small amount in markets and transported by truck; so, the transportation cost is higher than yellow tail. Aquacultured sea bream has different product characteristics due to transport distance. We need to study live fish and fresh fish markets separately. Live fish was the original product form of aquacultured sea bream. Transportation of live fish has more constraints than the transportation of fresh fish. Death rate and distance are highly correlated. In addition, loading capacity of live fish is less than fresh fish. In the case of a 10 ton truck, live fish can only be loaded up to 1.5 tons. But, fresh fish which can be placed in a box can be loaded up to 5 to 6 tons. Because of this characteristics, live fish requires closer location to consumption area than fresh fish. In the consumption markets, the size of fresh fish is mainly 0.8 to 2kg.Live fish usually goes through auction, and quality is graded. Main purchaser comes from many small-sized restaurants, so a relatively small farmer and distributer can sell it. Aquacultured sea bream has been transacted as a fresh fish in GMS ,since 1993 when the price plummeted. Economies of scale works in case of fresh fish. The characteristics of fresh fish is as follows : As a large scale demander, General Merchandise Stores are the main purchasers of sea bream and the size of the fish is around 1.3kg. It mainly goes through negotiation. Aquacultured sea bream has been established as a representative food in General Merchandise Stores. GMS require stable and mass supply, consistent size, and low price. And Distribution of fresh fish is undertook by the large scale distributers, which can satisfy requirements of GMS. The market share in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market shows Mie Pref. is dominating in live fish. And Ehime Pref. is dominating in fresh fish. Ehime Pref. showed remarkable growth in 1990s. At present, the dealings of live fish is decreasing. However, the dealings of fresh fish is increasing in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market. The price of live fish is decreasing more than one of fresh fish. Even though Ehime Pref. has an ideal natural environment for sea bream aquaculture, its entry into sea bream aquaculture was late, because it was located at a further distance to consumers than the competing producing areas. However, Ehime Pref. became the number one producing areas through the sales of fresh fish in the 1990s. The production volume is almost 3 times the production volume of Mie Pref. which is the number two production area. More conversion from yellow tail aquaculture to sea bream aquaculture is taking place in Ehime Pref., because Kagosima Pref. has a better natural environment for yellow tail aquaculture. Transportation is worse than Mie Pref., but this region as a far-flung producing area makes up by increasing the business scale. Ehime Pref. increases the market share for fresh fish by creating demand from GMS. Ehime Pref. has developed market strategies such as a quick return at a small profit, a stable and mass supply and standardization in size. Ehime Pref. increases the market power by the capital of a large scale commission agent. Secondly Mie Pref. is close to markets and composed of small scale farmers. Mie Pref. switched to sea bream aquaculture early, because of the price decrease in aquacultured yellou tail and natural environmental problems. Mie Pref. had not changed until 1993 when the price of the sea bream plummeted. Because it had better natural environment and transportation. Mie Pref. has a suitable water temperature range required for sea bream aquaculture. However, the price of live sea bream continued to decline due to excessive production and economic recession. As a consequence, small scale farmers are faced with a market price below the average production cost in 1993. In such kind of situation, the small-sized and inefficient manager in Mie Pref. was obliged to withdraw from sea bream aquaculture. Kumamoto Pref. is located further from market sites and has an unsuitable nature environmental condition required for sea bream aquaculture. Although Kumamoto Pref. is trying to convert to the puffer fish aquaculture which requires different rearing techniques, aquaculture technique for puffer fish is not established yet.