• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.401-418
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• 2023

최근 ChatGPT 등의 등장으로 거대언어모델(이하 LLM: Large Language Model)에 대한 사회경제적 관심이 고조되고 있다. 생성형AI의 일종인 거대언어모델은 대본 창착이 가능한 수준까지 이르고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 일반인과 전문가들이 광범위하게 활용할 거대언어모델에서 공연예술 전반 혹은 특정 공연예술물이나 단체의 차별 이슈(성차별, 인종차별, 종교차별, 연령차별 등)를 어떻게 묘사하는지에 관심을 가지고 해결해 나가야 할 것이다. 그러나 아직 거대언어모델에서 공연예술의 차별 이슈에 대한 본격적인 조사와 논의는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 거대언어모델로부터의 공연예술 분야 차별이슈 인식 양상을 텍스트 분석하고 이로부터 공연예술분야가 대응할 시사점과 거대언어모델 개발 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 먼저 거대언어모델에게 차별에 대한 감수성을 측정하기 위해 9가지 차별 이슈에 대한 BBQ(Bias Benchmark for QA) 질문 및 측정법을 사용했으며, 대표적인 거대언어모델로부터 도출된 답변에 대해서 공연예술 전문가에 의해 거대언어모델이 잘못 인지한 부분이 있는지의 검증을 거친 후에 내용분석법을 통해 공연예술분야의 차별적 관점의 윤리성에 대한 거대언어모델의 인식을 분석하였다. 분석 결과로 공연예술 분야에게 주는 시사점과 거대언어모델 개발 시 주의할 점 등을 도출하고 토의하였다.

• 대기
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2005

This study compares the summer monsoon circulations during a heavy rainfall period over the Korean peninsular from 11 to 18 July 2004, simulated by three widely used regional models; WRF, MM5, and RSM. An identical model setup is carried out for all the experiments, except for the physical option differences in the RSM. The three models with a nominal resolution of about 50 km over Korea are nested by NCEP-DOE reanalysis data. Another RSM experiment with the same cumulus parameterization scheme as in the WRF and MM5 is designed to investigate the importance of the representation of subgrid-scale parameterized convection in reproducing monsoonal circulations in East Asia. All thee models are found to be capable of reproducing the general distribution of monsoonal precipitation, extending northeastward from south China across the Korean peninsula, to northern Japan. The results from the WRF and MM5 are similar in terms of accumulated precipitation, but a slightly better performance in the WRF than in the MM5. The RSM improves the bias for precipitation as compared to those from the WRF and MM5, but the pattern correlation is degraded due to overestimation of precipitation in northern China. In the comparison of simulated synoptic scale features, the RSM is found to reproduce the large-scale features well compared to the results from the MM5 and WRF. On the other hand, the simulated precipitation from the RSM with the convection scheme used in the MM5 and WRF is closer to that from the WRF and MM5 simulations, indicating the significant dependency of simulated precipitation in East Asia on the cumulus parameterization scheme.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2014

Purpose: Determining the spatial structure of data is important in understanding within-field variability for site-specific crop management. An understanding of the spatial structures present in the data may help illuminate interrelationships that are important in subsequent explanatory analyses, especially when site variables are correlated or are a combined response to multiple causative factors. Methods: In this study, correlation, principal component analysis, and single and nested variogram models were applied to soil electrical conductivity and chemical property data of two fields in central Missouri, USA. Results: Some variables that were highly correlated, or were strongly expressed in the same principal component, exhibited similar spatial ranges when fitted with a single variogram model. However, single variogram results were dependent on the active lag distance used, with short distances (30 m) required to fit short-range variability. Longer active lag distances only revealed long-range spatial components. Nested models generally yielded a better fit than single models for sensor-based conductivity data, where multiple scales of spatial structure were apparent. Gaussian-spherical nested models fit well to the data at both short (30 m) and long (300 m) active lag distances, generally capturing both short-range and long-range spatial components. As soil conductivity relates strongly to profile texture, we hypothesize that the short-range components may relate to the scale of erosion processes, while the long-range components are indicative of the scale of landscape morphology. Conclusion: In this study, we investigated the effect of changing active lag distance on the calculation of the range parameter. Future work investigating scale effects on other variogram parameters, including nugget and sill variances, may lead to better model selection and interpretation. Once this is achieved, separation of nested spatial components by factorial kriging may help to better define the correlations existing between spatial datasets.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권6A호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 파랑하중에 의해 부유구조체 하면에서 발생하는 파압 현상을 규명하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 서로 다른 측면 형상과 하면 형상을 갖는 4개의 폰툰형 시험체를 제작하여 5 종류 파랑하중에 대한 수리모형실험을 실시하였다. 시험체의 하면에는 6개의 파압센서를 설치하였으며, 수리모형실험 동안 시험체 하면에 작용하는 파압을 측정하였다. 측정된 파압을 분석한 결과, 와플형의 하면 형상은 부유구조체 하면에 작용하는 파압에 거의 영향을 미치지 않으며, 하이브리드형의 측면 형상은 파압에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 하이브리드형의 측면에 형성된 에어갭(Airgap)이 부유구조체에 작용하는 파랑의 충격 에너지를 일부 흡수하여 파압을 저감시키는데 기여하는 것으로 판단된다. 기존의 상자형 폰툰과 비교하였을 때 하이브리드형의 파압은 선수부에서 약 83%, 중간부에서 약 74% 및 선미부에서 약 53% 수준인 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.381-394
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• 2020

Accelerated soil wind erosion still remains to date to cause severe economic and environmental impacts. Revised and updated models to quantitatively evaluate wind induced soil erosion have been made for specific factors in the wind erosion equation (WEQ) framework. Because of increasing quantities of accumulated data, the WEQ, the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), the wind erosion prediction system (WEPS), and other soil wind erosion models have been established. These soil wind erosion models provide essential knowledge about where and when wind erosion occurs although naturally, they are less accurate than the field-scale. The WEQ was a good empirical model for comparing the effects of various management practices on potential erosion before the RWEQ and the WEPS showed more realistic estimates of erosion using easily measured local soil and climatic variables as inputs. The significant relationship between the observed and predicted transport capacity and soil loss makes the RWEQ a suitable tool for a large scale prediction of the wind erosion potential. WEPS developed to replace the empirical WEQ can calculate soil loss on a daily basis, provide capability to handle nonuniform areas, and obtain predictions for specific areas of interest. However, the challenge of precisely estimating wind erosion at a specific regional scale still remains to date.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.893-906
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• 2017

Automatic large scale soil model generation is very critical stage for earthquake hazard simulation of urban areas. Manual model development may cause some data losses and may not be effective when there are too many data from different soil observations in a wide area. Geographic information systems (GIS) for storing and analyzing spatial data help scientists to generate better models automatically. Although the original soil observations were limited to soil profile data, the recent developments in mapping technology, interpolation methods, and remote sensing have provided advanced soil model developments. Together with advanced computational technology, it is possible to handle much larger volumes of data. The scientists may solve difficult problems of describing the spatial variation of soil. In this study, an algorithm is proposed for automatic three dimensional soil and velocity model development of southern part of the European side of Istanbul next to Sea of Marmara based on GIS data. In the proposed algorithm, firstly bedrock surface is generated from integration of geological and geophysical measurements. Then, layer surface contacts are integrated with data gathered in vertical borings, and interpolations are interpreted on sections between the borings automatically. Three dimensional underground geology model is prepared using boring data, geologic cross sections and formation base contours drawn in the light of these data. During the preparation of the model, classification studies are made based on formation models. Then, 3D velocity models are developed by using geophysical measurements such as refraction-microtremor, array microtremor and PS logging. The soil and velocity models are integrated and final soil model is obtained. All stages of this algorithm are carried out automatically in the selected urban area. The system directly reads the GIS soil data in the selected part of urban area and 3D soil model is automatically developed for large scale earthquake hazard simulation studies.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.805-816
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• 2010

축소모델의 지진모의실험을 위해서는 실물 실험체의 구조거동을 축소모델 실험체가 잘 모사하는지 상사성 확인이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 2층 RC 벽식구조 실험체의 반복 횡가력 실험을 통해 강도, 연성과 같은 전체거동과 휨, 전단, 들뜸과 같은 국부거동의 결과를 나타내었다. 인방보의 유무에 따른 3 : 5 실물 실험체와 1 : 7 축소모델 실험체를 비교 분석 하였으며, 1 : 7 축소모델 실험체가 실물 실험체의 전체거동과 국부거동에 대해서 대체로 잘 모사하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2013

Generally, form factor is determined through ITTC method. Determining the form factor from ITTC method includes the assumption that the form factor of a full-scale ship is the same value as its model ship. In other words, the form factor is independent on Reynolds number. However, for the more appropriate prediction of the resistance performance of a full-scale ship, the form factor must be determined with the consideration of the variation attendant on Reynolds number. In this research, several Geosim ship models are adopted to investigate the scale effect, and correlation lines of form factor are improved to suggest the better extrapolation method for the prediction of the form factor of full-scale ship. The corrected form factors using the correlation lines are compared with those determined from the results of low-speed resistance tests. To consider the influence of hull form, the correlation lines are determined for the group of high-speed ships and the group of low-speed ships, respectively. The corrected form factors have shown good agreement among the prediction results from each Geosim ship model to the full-scale ship.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1397-1403
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• 2006

This paper considers the testing problem for scale changes in autoregressive processes with heavy-tailed innovations. For a test, we propose the CUSUM test statistic based on the trimmed residuals. We perform a simulation study for the mixture normal and Cauchy innovations.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2003

LSPIV(Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) is widely used in the field of civil and environmental engineering. General aspects of LSPIV are introduced and several applications are introduced in this paper. The difference of LSPIV from the conventional PIV techniques is not to use models for experiments but to use the flow fields in nature. For LSPIV a converting process for the captured images is necessary.