• 약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1986

The thymus weight of the mouse was 54.1% in protein malnutritive diet group and 39.2% in group treated with saponin fraction of Panax ginseng in comparison to normal diet group. This decreasing effects of protein malnutritive diet and saponin fraction on the thymus weight practically disappeared after four weeks. The saponin fraction showed no effect on the spleen weight of the mouse. The supplement of the saponin fraction enhanced total peritoneal exudate cells, content of total serum protein and albumin content of the mouse, each 45, 8 and 10% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group. And these values in protein malnutritive diet group were 61.2, 83.6 and 87.0% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group, and recovered to the level of normal diet group by the supplement of the saponin fraction. The electrophoregram of the serum protein of the mouse fed with protein malnutritive diet was different from that of the mouse fed with normal diet, but this difference practically disappeared by the supplement of the saponin fraction.

• 약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-10
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• 1962

Total saponin and oil fraction of Polygala tenuifolia were tested for their anticholesterolemic properties by a "Three day fasting method" on rabbits. It has been reported that saponin have the anticholesterolemic activity, however this activity is not general property of all kinds of saponin. As shown in Table, Polygala saponin has not significant anticholesterolemic activity on rabbits. On administering oil fraction of Radix Polygala, serum cholesterol level in rabbits increased to 224.7% while the control group 43.2%.oup 43.2%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 1998

To study e(feces of Korean Binseng (Parfax ginseff C. A. hfeyer) total saponin fraction on spermidine and spermine metabolism in rat reproductive systems, we administrated the saponin fractation to rats for 2 years. Then, we determined the activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), the quantitation of the enzyme protein and the amounts of spermidine and spermine contents In prostate and testis. In young sexually immature stage, administration of Korean ginseng saponin fraction showed no effect on SAMDC activities. The stimulatory effect on the activities of SAMDC gradually increased and reached maximal activities in test groups of prostate and testis at sexually mature stage. The amounts of SAMDC protein in test groups were paralleled by the changes of SAMDC activities in test groups, indicating that all of the increased activity occurring in administration of ginseng saponin fraction was not due to the activation of SAMDC activity but to the Increase in enzyme protein. However, the spermidine and spermine contents of test groups showed small increase in compared to that of control groups. From these results, we suggest that administration of ginseng saponin fraction alter the spermidine and spermine metabolism in sexually mature and aged reproductive systems in rats.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 1976

인삼중(人蔘中)에 함유된 dammarane glycoside들을 glycoside 수준(水準)에서 fraction별(別)로 정량(定量)하는 방법(方法)으로 2차원(次元) TLC법(法)에 의해 분리(分離)된 glycoside를 용출(溶出)하여 Vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ 발색법(發色法)으로 정량(定量)하는 방법(方法)을 검토하는 동시에, 1차원(次元) TLC법(法)으로 SAPONIN FRACTION을 분해(分解)하고 이것을 thinchrograph TFG-10 및 digital densitorol DMU-33c에 걸어 각(各) fraction별(別)로 saponin을 정량(定量)하였다. 1. 2차원(次元) TLC를 병용(竝用)한 Vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ 비색법(比色法)은 각(各) fraction의 정리(定離)는 용이하였으나, 각(各) spot를 동정(同定)하기가 어려웠다. 2. Thinchrograph를 이용하여 saponin를 정량(定量)하는 경우, 비교적 감도(感度)가 높은 ginsenoside의 peak를 얻을 수 있었으나, 동일(同一)한 정량조건(定量條件)에서 표품(標品)과의 대조실험(對照實驗)이 병행(竝行)해야 하므로 표품(標品)의 입수가 어려워, 각(各) peak에 해당하는 saponin동정(同定)이 불가능하였다. 3. Densitometer의 경우 thinchrograph보다 그 감도는 떨어지나, 사용법이 간편하고, 쉽게 각(各) fraction을 동정(同定)할 수 있어 TLC에서 분리(分離)가 좋은 용매를 사용한다면 비교적 정확도가 높은 정량치를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 1988

인삼 사포닌 분획이 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 항산화작용에 미치는 영향을 시헌관내 실험과 동물실험으로 관찰하였다. 흰쥐 (Wister, 수컷, 180~200g)의 간 미크로좀 분획을 $Fe^{3+}$, NADPH, ADP, $\alpha$-tocopherol($50{\mu}M}$), 인삼 사포닌 분획(최종농도 $10^{-4}$%, 대조군은 사포닌 분획 대신 같은 부피의 물)을 함유한 혼합물에서 반응을 진행시키고 생성된 malondialdehyde를 분석한 결과, 사포닌은 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 항산화작용을 상승적으로 증가시켰다. 인삼 saponin 분획이 함유된 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 alcohol용액을 쥐에게 경구투여한 후 적당 시간 후에 간에서의 과산화수소량을 분석하여 대조군과 비교한 결과, 인삼 saponin 은 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 흡수를 촉진하므로서 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 항산화활성이 더욱 효율적으로 일어나게 하는 것으로 해석된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.240-247
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• 1985

Attempts were made to see if we could cut more pBR322 in the presence of ginseng saponin fraction in connection with possibly for shortening the enzymatic reaction time and the amount of the enzyme to be used. The following results were obtained restriction endonucleases such as AccI, XhoII, SaII, and HincII were observed to cut pBR322 efficiently at 10-1% ginseng saponin fraction. In case of BamHI, 10-2% ginseng saponin fraction was observed to the most effective concentration. Such cumulative results suggest that ginseng saponin fraction would play important role as far as the cleavage of pBR322 for short period by endonucleases is concerned.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 1985

The amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain of the mouse fed with normal diet or protein deficient diet with supplement of the saponin fraction of ginseng were determined by the sluorometric method. THe amount of norepinephrine in mouse brain was vivider in the case of protein deficiency. The increase amount of dopamine was observed only in the case of mouse fed with normal diet with supplement of the saponin fraction normal diet with supplement of the saponin fraction of ginseng for 8 weeks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.188-204
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• 1977

인삼(人蔘)의 유효성분(有效成分)으로 알려진 saponin을 Thin layer chromatography로 전개(展開)하여 Digital Densitometer를 사용(使用)하여 한국인삼(韓國人蔘)의 산지별(産地別), 부위별(部位別), 재배연도별(栽培年度別) saponin함량(含量) 및 그 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)를 정량(定量)하고, 홍삼(紅蔘) 및 인삼(人蔘)엑기스 제조중(製造中) 일어나는 saponin함량(含量)의 변화(變化)를 연구(硏究)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 산지별(産地別) saponin 함량(含量)에는 별로 차이(差異)가 없었으며, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin군(群)과 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 sapon군(群)의 조성비(組成比)는 ($1.7{\sim}2.6$) : 1정도였다. 2. 부위별(部位別)로 볼 때, saponin함량(含量)은 미삼(尾蔘)이 12.7%로서 3.3%인 백삼(白蔘)의 4배에 가까운 높은 값을보였다. 그리고 saponin fraction별(別)로 볼 때, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction도 미삼(尾蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 많으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction은 반대(反對)로 미삼(尾蓼)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 적었다. TLC의 2차원전개결과(次元展開結果), ginsenoside-Rd는 백삼(白蔘)에만 나타나고, 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 나타나지 않는 반면(反面), Rf와 $Rg_1$은 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 분리(分離)되었으나, 백삼(白蔘)에서는 $Rg_1$만이 존재하고, Rf는 분리(分離)되지 않았다 3. 재배연도별(栽培年度別) 근부(根部)의 saponin함량(含量)은 재배기간(栽培其間)에 따라 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)을 찾아볼 수 없으나, 인삼근당평균(人蔘根當平均) saponin함량(含量)은 2년근(年根)이 90.3mg, 3년근(年根)이 254.2mg. 4년근(年根)이 404.2mg, 5년근(年根)이 996.9mg, 6년근(年根)이 1377.1mg으로 재배기간(栽培其間)이 길어질수록 현저(顯著)하게 높았다. 그리고 인삼지상부(人蔘地上部)의 saponin함량(含量)도 재배기간(栽培其間)에 길어질수록 높아지는 경향(傾向)을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나, saponin fraction별(別)볼 때는 $5{\sim}6$년(年)의 수확기(收穫期)에 가까워질수록 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 함량(含量)이 높았다. 4. 홍삼제조중(紅蔘製造中)의 saponin fraction별(別) panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)도 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 낮아졌으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)는 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 오히려 높았다. 홍삼(紅蔘)의 Thin layer chromatogram에는 건삼(乾蔘)의 그것에 나타나지 않았던 수개(數個)의 미확인(未確認) spot를 더 볼 수 있었다. 5. Ethanol과 물로 미삼(尾蔘)을 추출(抽出)하여, 29.9%의 인삼(人蔘)엑기스를 얻었는데, 이 엑기스에는 미삼(尾蔘)으로부터 추출수율(抽出收率)이 94.2%에 상당(相當)하는 saponin이 이행(移行) 함유(含有)되어 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1996

In order to study effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism in rat organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was administrated to rats for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months and brain, liver, prostate, spleen and testis were removed from these rats. Two enzyme activities were measured from those organs; ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a regulatory enzyme of putrescence biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), which is also a regulatory enzyme of spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. The amounts of polyamine were also determined. As for prostate and testis organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was innocuous for ODC and SAMDC activities from rats fed for 1 and 2 months. However, after 3 months, the stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzyme gradually increased in test groups and reached its maximum in 12 months. The contents of spermidine and spermlne of test groups in prostate and testis were also much higher than those of control groups. Another stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzymes was observed in liver and reached its maximum in 6 months. In the other organs such as brain and spleen, the enzymes were turned out to be not affected by feeding Korean ginseng saponin fraction. From the cumulative results, the stimulatory effect of Korean ginseng saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism was observed in prostate, testis and liver.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Red Ginseng Saponins on 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicities in guinea pigs ($200{\pm}10$ g). Normal control (NC) group guinea pigs ($200{\pm}10$ g) received vehicle and saline, while the TCDD-treated (TT) group was given water-extract (WE), saponin fraction (SF) and non-saponin fraction (NSF). Korean red ginseng fractions were administered from 1 week before TCDD-exposure for 4 weeks. Body weight loss and deteriorated clinical parameters related to sugar metabolism and liver function such as lipase and AST, respectively, these were significantly reduced by both saponin and non-saponin fractions. However, increase of lipase was attenuated by the saponin fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Only AST was affected by the saponin fraction. The results suggest that saponins are active substances in the Korean red ginseng water extract against TCDD induced toxicities in Guinea pigs.