DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Protective Effects of Red Ginseng Saponins against to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Induced Toxicity in Guinea Pigs

기니피그에서 홍삼 사포닌의 2,3,7,8-TCDD 독성 방어 효과

  • Hwang, Seock-Yeon (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daejeon University) ;
  • Lee, Chan-Yong (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daejeon University)
  • Received : 2009.05.20
  • Accepted : 2009.06.29
  • Published : 2009.08.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Red Ginseng Saponins on 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicities in guinea pigs ($200{\pm}10$ g). Normal control (NC) group guinea pigs ($200{\pm}10$ g) received vehicle and saline, while the TCDD-treated (TT) group was given water-extract (WE), saponin fraction (SF) and non-saponin fraction (NSF). Korean red ginseng fractions were administered from 1 week before TCDD-exposure for 4 weeks. Body weight loss and deteriorated clinical parameters related to sugar metabolism and liver function such as lipase and AST, respectively, these were significantly reduced by both saponin and non-saponin fractions. However, increase of lipase was attenuated by the saponin fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Only AST was affected by the saponin fraction. The results suggest that saponins are active substances in the Korean red ginseng water extract against TCDD induced toxicities in Guinea pigs.

Keywords

References

  1. Wang, I. C., Wu, Y. L., Lin, L. F., Chang-Chien, G. P. : Human dietary exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in Taiwan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, 621-626, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.040
  2. Pandelova, M., Stanev, I., Henkelmann, B., Lenoir, D., Schramm, K. W. : Correlation of PCDD/F and PCB at combustion experiments using wood and hospital waste. Influence of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ as additive on PCDD/F and PCB emissions. Chemosphere, 75, 685-691, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.043
  3. Kim, K.-S., Lee, S. C., Kim, K.-H., Shim, W. J., Hong, S. H., Choi, K. H., Yoon, J. H., Kim, J.-G. : Survey on organochlorine pesticides, PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and HCB in sediments from the Han river, Korea. Chemosphere, 75, 580-587, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.075
  4. McGregor, D. B., Partensky, C., Wilbourn, J., Rice, J. M. : An IARC evaluation of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans as risk factors inhuman carcinogenesis. Environment Health Perspectives, 106(2), 755-760, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106755
  5. Michalek, J. E., Ketchum, N. S., Check, I. J. : Serum dioxin and immunologic responses in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. The American Journal of Epidemiology, 149, 1038-1046, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009749
  6. Matsunaga, H., Katano, M., Yamamoto, H., Mori, M. : Potentiation of cytotoxic activity of mitomycin C by polyacetylenic alcohol, panaxytriol. Cancer Chemotherapy & Pharmacology, 33(4), 291-297, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685902
  7. Elma, Z. T., Ilian, E . Z., Christina, I. H. : Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on insulin binding in mice liver and brain membranes. Phytotheraphy Research, 5(1), 46-48, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650050114
  8. Joo, C. N., Lee, H. B. : Effect of ginseng saponin on LDL receptor biosynthesis. Proc. 5th International Ginseng Symposium, 47-53, 1988
  9. Eui, S. C., Kim, B. Y., Paik, T. H., Joo, G. N. : Effect of Ginseng on Alcohol Metabolism. Journal of Korean Biochemistry, 11(1), 1-6, 1978
  10. Song, J. H., Park, M. J., Kim, E., Kim, Y. C. : Effect of Panax ginseng on galactosamine induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Yakhak Hoeji, 34(5), 341-347, 1990
  11. Yokozawa, T., Zhou, J. J., Hattori, M., Inaba, S. : Effect of ginseng in nephrectomized rats. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 17(110), 1485-1489, 1994a https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.17.1485
  12. Yokozawa T, Inara : Effect of ginseng in chronic renal failure rats induced by partial nephrectomy. The Ginseng Review, 18, 40-42, 1994b
  13. Zhuo, D. : Preventive Geriatrics : An overview from traditional Chinese medicine. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 10(1-4), 32-39, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X82000063
  14. Kita, T., Hata, T., Kawashima, Y., Kaku, T., Itoh, E. : Pharmacological a ctions of ginseng s aponin in s tress mice. Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics, 4, 381-400, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.4.381
  15. Fang, Y. X., Shen, N., Chen, X. : Beneficial changes in prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 by ginsenoside in myocardial infection and repercussion injury of dogs. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 7(3), 226-230, 1986
  16. Matsuda, H., Kubo, M., Mizuno, M. : Pharmacological study on Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Cardiovascular ef fcte o f red g inseng a nd white g inseng. Shoykugaku Zasshi, 41(12), 125-134, 1987
  17. Tong, L. S., Chao, G. Y. : Effects fo Ginsenoside Rg1 of Panax ginseng on Mitosis in Human Blood Lymphocyte in vitro. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 8(3), 254-262, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X80000220
  18. Hwang, S.-Y. : Protective effect of Panax Ginseng on TCDD-induced Toxicity in Male Guinea Pig. Ph.D. Thesis, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea, 1999
  19. Yang, J. B. : Studies on the Active Substances in Korean Red Ginseng against TCDD-induced Toxicity. Ph.D. Thesis, Daejeon University, Deajeon, Korea, 2002
  20. Faqi, A. S., Dalsenter, P. R., Merker, H.-J., Chahoud, I. : Reproductive toxicity and tissue concentration of low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male offspring rats exposed throughout pregnancy and lactation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 150, 383-392, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8433
  21. Roman, B. L., Peterson, R. : In utero and lactational exposure of the male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs prostate development. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 150, 240-253, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1997.8362
  22. Hook, G. E., Haseman, R. J. K., Lucier, G. W. : Induction and Suppression of hepatic and extrahepatic microsomal foreign compound metabolizing enzyme system by 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Chembio-biological Interaction, 10, 199-214, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(75)90113-1
  23. Enan, E., Lui, C., Matsumura, F. : 2,3,7,8-TCDD causes reduction in Glucose uptake through Glucose Transports on the plasma membrane of the Guinea pig Adipocyte. Journal of Environment Science Health, B27(5), 495-510, 1992
  24. Thomas, T., Han, K. K. : Mortality and morbidity among Army chemical corps Vietnam veterans: A preliminary report. The American Journal of Epidemiology, 18, 665-673, 1990
  25. McConnel, E. E. : Acujte and chronic toxity. Carcinogenesis, Reproduction, Teratogenesis and Mutagenesis in Animals, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press. New York, pp. 241-266, 1990
  26. Brewster, D. W., Bombick, D. W., Matsumura, F. : Rabbit serum hyperglycemia after administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 25, 495-507, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398809531227
  27. Ann Aschengrau Richard R. Monson : Paternal military service in Vietnam and the risk of late adverse pregnancy outcome. The America Journal of Public Health, 80(10), 1218-1224, 1990 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.80.10.1218
  28. Sergio, B. : Long term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the peripheral nervous system. Neuroepidermiology, 7, 29-37, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1159/000110133
  29. Brewster, D. W., Matsumura, F. : Differential effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in the guinea pig, rat, hamster, rabbit and mink. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 93(1), 49-53, 1989
  30. Kim, S. W. : Improvement of crude ginseng saponin preparation method and biological activities of each ginsenoside. Ph.D. Thesis, Hanyang University Seoul, Korea, 1997
  31. Klotz, D. M., Beckman, B. S., Hill, S. M., McLachlan, J. A., Walters, M. R., Arnold, S. F. : Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environment Health Perspectives, 104, 1084-1089, 1996 https://doi.org/10.2307/3433121
  32. Greig, J. B., Jones, G., Butler, W. H., Barnes, J. H. : Toxic effect 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 11, 585-595, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-6264(73)80329-3
  33. Harris, M. W., Moore, J. A., Vos, J. G., Gupta, B. N. : General biological effect of TCDD in laboratory animals. Environment Health Perspectives, 9, 101-109, 1973
  34. Moore, J. A., Gupta, B. N., Vos, J. G. : Proceeding of the National Conference on Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Chicago, III., 77-80, 1976
  35. Zinkle, J. G., Vos J. G., Moore, J. A., Gupta, B. N. : Hematologic and clinical chemistry effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals. Environmental Health Perspectives, 9, 111-118, 1973
  36. Weissberg, J. B., Zinkl, J. G. : Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on hematologic and blood coagulation function in the rat. Environment Health Perspectives, 5, 119-123, 1973 https://doi.org/10.2307/3428120
  37. Kirachi, R., Fleischer, K., Kamisaka, Arias, I. M. : Effect of renal function in the rat. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 55, 1009-1015, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI108001
  38. Pegg, D. G., Hewitt, W. R., McCormack, K. M., Hook, J. B. : Effect 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin on renal function in the rat. Journal of Toxicology and Enviromental Health, 2, 55-65, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1080/15287397609529417
  39. Whitelock, J. P. : Induction of cytochrome P4501A1. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 39, 103-125, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.103
  40. Bowes, R. C., Parrish, A. R., Steinberg, M. A., Willett, K. L., Zhao, W., Savas, U., Jefcoate, C. R., Safe, S. H., Ramos, K. S. : Atypical cytochrome P450 induction profiles in glomerular mesangial cells at the mRNA and enzyme level. Evidence for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression and their involvement in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism. Biochemical Pharmacology, 52, 587-595, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00310-3
  41. Hassoun, E. A., Wilt, S. C., Van Birgelen, A., Alshrif, N. Z., Birnbaum, L. S., Stohs, S. J. : Induction of oxidative stress in brain of mice after subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin. Toxicological Science, 42, 23-27, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/42.1.23
  42. Herrlich, P., Bohmer, F. D. : Redox regulation of signal transduction in mammalian cells. Biochemical Pharmacology, 59, 35-41, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00298-1
  43. Yokozawa, T., Zhou, J. J., Hattori, M., Inaba, S. : Effect of ginseng in nephrectomized rats. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 17(110), 1485-1489, 1994a https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.17.1485
  44. Yokozawa, T., Inara, S. : Effect of ginseng in chronic renal failure rats induced by partial nephrectomy. The Ginseng Review, 18, 40-42, 1994b
  45. Zinkle, J. G., Vos, J. G., Moore, J. A., Gupta, B. N. : Hematologic and clinical chemistry effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals. Environmental Health Perspectives, 9, 111-118, 1973
  46. Buu-Hoi, N. P., Harris, Moore, J. A., Vos, J. G. : Organism as target of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin(TCDD) intoxication. Naturwiss, 59, 174-175, 1972 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00637374
  47. Brewster, D. W., Madhukar, B. V., Matsumura, F. : Influence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the protein composition of the plasma membrane of the hepatic cells from the rat. Biochemical and Biophys Research Communication, 107, 68-74, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(82)91670-9
  48. Song, J. H., Park, M. J., Kim, E., Kim, Y. C. : Effect of Panax ginseng on galactosamine induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Yakhak Hoeji, 34(5), 341-347, 1990
  49. Park, H. J. : Effect of ginsenoside on the rat liver phosphorylation induced by carbonetetrachloride. Biochemical and Biophys Research Communication, 19(6), 834-838, 1996
  50. Huh, K., Jang, B. S., Park, J. M. : Protective effect of ginseng on brombenzene-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Korea Journal of Ginseng Science, 12(2), 114-120, 1996
  51. Gupta, B. N., Vos, I. G., Moore, J. A., Zinkl, J. G., Bullock, B. C. : Pathologic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals. Environment Health Perspectives, 9, 125-139, 1973
  52. Yang, B. C., Li, Y. J., Chen, X. : Correlation between protective effect of ginsenosides against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and lipid peroxidation in rats. Asia Pacific Journal Pharmacology, 4, 265-272, 1989
  53. Prieto, J. G., Femandez, E., Redondo, P. A., Ferrando, A., Vila, L., Estal del, J., Alvarez, A 1. : Korean red ginseng in exhaustion. Proceeding 6th International Ginseng Symposium, 171-178, 1993
  54. Kaneko, H., Nakanishi, K., Murakami, A., Aidoh, H., Kuwashima, K. : The acute effects of massive dose of red ginseng on healthy adults under the condition of cold stress. Proceeding 96 Korea-Japan Ginseng Symposium, 22-30, 1996
  55. Gillis, C., Norman : Pulmonary vascular effects of ginsenosides. Proceeding 6th International Ginseng Symposium, 36-39, 1993
  56. Kim, N. W., Piatyszek, M. A., Prowse, K. R., Harley, C. B., West, M. D., Ho, P. L. C., Coviello, G. M., Wright, W. E., Weinirch, S. L., Shay, J. W. : Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science, 266, 2011-2015, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7605428
  57. Kang, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Schini, V. B., Kim, N. D. : Dietary ginsenosides endothelium dependent relaxation in the thoraci arota of hypercholesterolemic rabbit. General Pharmacology, 26(3), 83-487, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(95)94002-X