• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2016

고성만의 지속적이고 안정적인 굴을 생산하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 2008년 7월부터 2009년 4월까지 위생학적인 조사를 실시하여, 현재 굴양식장의 환경 수준을 평가했다. 해수의 위생세균은 고성읍에 가까운 만의 북측에서 상대적으로 높게 출현하였으나, 미국 NSSP 기준치를 충족하는 청정한 해역 수준에 있었다. 양식 굴에서도 위생세균과 중금속 함량도 각각 미국 NSSP 및 식품공전에서 제시하는 기준치 이내로 나타나 위생학적으로 안전한 위치에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 경남 고성만의 굴양식장 해역은 여름철 큰 강우 시기를 제외하고는 해수와 양식굴의 분변계대장균군의 기준치를 충족하였고, 고성만 주변 유역의 오염부하가 늘어날 큰 위협요인은 없는 것으로 판단되지만, 해역의 안전성확보를 위해서는 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2002

Iksan city is planning to construct a waste incinerator on the site of about $110,000\textrm{m}^2$ in size that will be selected from a public bid(Oct.~Nov.2002)in the wake of expiration by June 2003 of use for Hamyeol fill-up ground. Science it has usually been difficult to find sites for filling-up or incinerating facilities owing to NIMBY phenomenon, it is badly requested to employ up-to-date technology for processing wastes without environmental pollution. The conflicts between the administrative authorities and community people with regard to construction of incineration facilities, fill-up ground and facilities for waste processing or recycling are not the matters of just today but are increasingly deepening and spreading countrywide. There seems to be no prospect for these conflicts to be amicably settled through dialogues. They rather become a social disease inflicting the whole country like an epidemic. It is therefore believed to be necessary to introduce measures to design and build environment-friendly facilities that may be accepted by residents as not abominable ones but be used as amusing place while they watch the daily operation of them as watchdogs. Iksan city's plan to construct environment-friendly waste incineration facilities of pyrolysis type without chimney has undergone the process of public hearings and explanatory gatherings from every class of Iksan citizens to get consensus but is still delayed due mainly to be the failure of inducing foreign investments. Pyrolysis technology has two advantages ; first, environment-friendly due to less emission of second pollutants ; second, production of by-products highly valuable as resources. It Is known that Germany has recently begun installation and operation of pyrolysis facility urban wastes, an evidence indicating that pyrolysis method will be widely applied to cope with the tightened regulation to preserve environment worldwide.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.33-47
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• 1991

1. Water supply treatment plants personnel could not test the water quality control, because most of them rely on the provincial health laboratories about water quality rely rant test. However, in future, plants have to been provided the facilities and equipment of water quality laboratory. 2. Chlorination methods are 89.5% of liquid chlorine and 10.5% of solid chlorine, and the cost per 1 $\m^{3}$ of chlorination is about 1.30 won which chlorination cost is very cheap as 1/142 of drinking water production cost. Input method of chlorine is 35% of automatic method, 56% of semi-automatic, and 9% of other methods, and this is no problem 3. Residual effects of chlorination, in the case of distilled water as a standardized material and 0.2 ppm of seperated residual chlorine, were continued 32 hours in $0^{\circ}C$, and 25 hour in $20^{\circ}C$, of water temperature and in the case of 0.4 ppm of seperated residual chlorine were continued 47 hours in $0^{\circ}C$ and 23 hours in $20^{\circ}C$. 4. In the case of 4 ppm of seperated residual chlorine, residual effects were continued 23 hours in $5^{\circ}C$, 90 hours in $10^{\circ}C$, 78 hours in $15^{\circ}C$, and 60 hours in $20^{\circ}C$ : by the temper; lure of water, continuing residual effects of chlorination are different, so we have to car for the warm season chlorination in the hider temperature. 5. Chlorination effects of drinking waters in the case of 0.4 ppm of seperated residual chlorine were continued 237 hours in $22^{\circ}C$ water : and in the case of rechlorination as 4 ppm of residual chlorine, continued 71 hours in $22^{\circ}C$ water.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a system that processes harmful gases and dust, which being generated in the production of micro-inorganic fabric. This can be obtained by melt spinning raw materials such as agalmatolite, fluorspar, limestone, silica under high temperature at $1500-1600^{\circ}C$ in a glass recuperator using a dry method by Cyclone Reactor or Envelope Type (ET) type Bag Filter. If the number of the members of Korea Glass Industry Association reaches up to 45, the damage of the harmful gas being generated in recuperator should not be small. In addition, research of existing facilities showed the most of harmful gas treatment facilities which adopt wet treatment or semi-dry treatment process. This was caused the problems for wastewater and the second pollutive materials. Moreover, in the dust collecting facility behind recuperator, it is also problematic that electric dust collector requires enormous initial investment. We have researched various methods to show both economic and efficient new processes for the preventive facilities of recuperator. As the result of the experiments, the removal efficiencies of HF and SOx were 99% and 87%, respectively. Although it was insignificant reaction, a pretty much interesting result that NOx showed an absorption reaction with $Ca(OH)_2$(removal efficiency was more than 25%) was obtained.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.593-605
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• 2004

An egg has been considered as one of the most important food sources because of it's nutritional superiority and reasonable price. With the complexity of egg flow system from production to consumption in Korea, preventive measures for egg safety have been required. Therefore, our study was carried out to analyze hazards for the egg under farm level and develope preventive measures with a purpose of obtaining egg safety. To analyze biological hazards, microbial contamination of egg(normal, dirty and cracked), water, feed, manure and equipments associated with laying were investigated. One isolate of Salmonella enteritidis and S. bardo were detected from the manure and dirty egg shell respectively. The sanitary conditions in the farm were surveyed by questionaries. Confirmation of vaccination for purchasing chicks and establishment of sanitary guidances for water and type of water suppliers ought to be preceded. Feed supplier systems including feed tanks, feed pipes and hoppers were known that their contamination might give it a chance to infect individuals and egg content and shell. The safe and rapid disposal of dead chickens and rodent were reported as more crucial factors to prevent infectious disease and manage good sanitation. Egg selector and collecting belt should be kept properly not to be contaminated from egg fluids and feces. It should be also considered that regular gathering of eggs, removal of dirty or cracked ones, storage under refrigeration and the use of disposable egg tray were continuously fulfilled. Conclusively, Our results suggested that HACCP-based system for providing fresh and safe eggs to consumers should be applied to the farm.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2007

This study was designed to identify the actual state of ready-to-eat street-foods usage in a college-town in northern part of seoul. For the empirical study, data was collected from customers who had eaten street-foods and a survey was conducted from 16 to 30, May 2006. The results showed that many respondents had irregular eating habits. More than 60% of them responded they usually skipped breakfast and the reason was no time. It was shown that they have had Frequent snacks and unbalanced diet. The results of survey are as follows ; 1. The major time for street-foods usage: p.m 3-5 (28.77%). 2. The frequency of street-foods usage: 1-2 times/week (43.85%). 3. The street-foods usage days of the week: weekday (52.79%). 4. The mean cost for the onetime purchase of street-foods usage: 1000-3000won (71.79%). 5. The monthly cost for the purchase of street-foods usage: below 50000won (81.84%). 6. The reason for street-foods usage: mainly convenience (60.61%). 7. The reason for minding street-foods : mainly insanitary (40.50)%. 8. Factors considered when choosing street-foods: tastes of the foods (65.08%). Also, it was shown that over 50% of respondents have considered the street-foods as the worth of meal replacement, and taken effective factor on eating habits for influx of new culture. It was indicated that problems of street-foods usage was the unbalanced nutrition for 81.8% of respondents and suggestions for improving the street-foods were sanitary controls for products for 63.4% of respondents.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

Water treatment processes produce sludges resulting from water clarification. Sludge production amount increases each year and its treatment and disposal is growing to social problems according to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfill site through the lime treatment. Compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ or more is recommended for soil cover material in municipal landfilling site. Compression and shear strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. Solidification effect of the modified sludge was observed through the scanning electron microscope. Extraction tests for hazardous components in sludges revealed that extraction levels of cadmium, copper, and lead were below the regulated criteria. When adding 10% calcium hydroxide to water treatment plant sludges, the modified sludges can reach material properties for cover soil after 28 days solidification reaction.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.491-498
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• 1998

Transplanting process during the tissue culture of potato seedlings is costly, since the cost of highly skilled labor working in the sanitary environment takes up about 60-70% of the production cost. The objective of this study was to develop a soft gripper of a transplanting robot system for the labor-saving tissue culture. The prototype of the soft gripper was consisted of power-transmitting part finger and plant contacts. The power transmitting part transformed the rotating motion of a step motor to the reciprocating motion of the finger. Plant stems used in the test were potato seedlings cultured for six weeks. The dimensional characteristics of cultured seedlings, the compressive strengths of the stems, the extractive force from the culture medium and the gripping force of the finger were measured. A proper gripping force was found to be 0.343N at the extractive force of 0.41N when the plant contacts were made of silicon. Sixteen plants out of 70 trials were tangled with others, resulting in the success rate of 77.1%.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1997

Hokkaido, as center of Japanese dairying, 3.48 million tons of raw milk which was about 40% of total production in Japan were produced from 11,400 farms in 1996. The average herd size and the annual volume of milking per head in Hokkaido were 78 head, 7,200kg, and the quality of raw milk also is much better than that of other area in Japan. Raw milk having less than 100,000/ml in viable count and less than 300,000/ml of somatic cell count were 99.6%, 93% respectively. In spite of producing large amount of high quality milk, only 26% of total amount was processed as market milk and 76% was used for making dairy products like butter, cheese and milk powder. Therefore, because of big difference in price between the raw milk for market milk and for dairy products. the income of dairy farms are much less comparing to other parts of Japan, where most of the raw milk are consumed as market milk.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1987

This study was conducted to evaluted the industry foodservice management practices, and to suggest guidelines for the effective foodservice management. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) Feeding numbers among the types of industry were varied widely, and foodservice personnels were insufficient when comparing with the feeding numbers. 2) Effective recording as well as management system were not fully established in menu planning, food production, assembly and service. Thermal retention equipments were not provided to control food quality. 3) Convenience food items such as frozen beef cutlet, hambergar patty, retail cuts of meat, and canned fish were seldom used. 4) Sanitary conditions of kitchen and dining areas were evaluated as unsatisfactory comdition. 5) Equiped rate of facilities in surveyed foodservice operations were 52.7 percentage of the required standards.