• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Objectives: This survey was conducted to research Korean medicine doctors' recognition about diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Sanhupung, and to use it as a basic data for the development of Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline for Sanhupung. Methods: From October 1, 2021 to November 1, 2021, a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on an online survey platform targeting Korean Medicine doctors belonging to The Association of Korean Medicine, and the responses were analyzed. Results: Patients most commonly visited Korean Medical clinic within 22 to 42 days of miscarriage or childbirth, and the average treatment period was 1 to 3 months. To diagnose Sanhupung, Korean Medicine doctors most frequently identified the characteristic symptoms of Sanhupung, and the symptoms complained by Sanhupung patients were common in the order of arthralgia, coldness, feelings like wind coming in and muscle pain. For the treatment of Sanhupung, 94.8% of the respondents used herbal medicine, followed by acupuncture 78.1%, moxibustion 50.1%, cupping 29.5%, and Chuna 12.6%. For the prevention of Sanhupung, 81.8% of the respondents prescribed herbal medicine, and 66.4% of the respondents provided education to prevent Sanhupung. Conclusions: We researched the characteristics of Sanhupung patients visiting Korean medicine clinic and Korean medicine doctors' recognition about diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Sanhupung and reflected them in the CPG for Sanhupung.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.192-204
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• 2010

Purpose: Sanhupung's pathological conditions is different from non-postpartum's disease. So it is important to analyze Sanhupung's construction, onset factors and Oriental theraphy. Methods: We studied 104 Sanhupung women visiting $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ hospital form January 2008 to December 2009. We analyzed the general characteristics, kinds of symptoms and Oriental theraphy's present condition. Also We compared patients' age, the number of live births and delivery month to the National Statistical Office's results. Results: 1. Patients over the age of 30, who have one child and who gave birth in September(14.42%) and in Summer(43.26%) occupied the highest percentage. But delivery method was not correlated with Sanhupung. 2. Musculo-skeletal symptoms(42.13%) were the most common symptoms. Wrist, waist, knees(59.59%) were the most common pain areas and the other pain symptoms (40.21%) appeared a significant portion of cases respectively. 3. In the 21~30days after delivery, the most patients visited. The number of patients admitted within 30 days after delivery or within 90 days was small comparing with Sanhupung onset. Patients treated within 10 days(47.12%) and treated only herb medicine(54.90%) were the most common. And the patients responded satisfacion or over were 88.46%. Conclusion: Patients' age, the number of born babies, delivery time were correlated with Sanhupung symptoms, but the method of delivery was not associated. And musculo-skeletal symptoms were the most common symptoms. Sanhupung patient's treatment period and methods were limited.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.16-30
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish a clear diagnostic definition of Sanhupung using the Delphi method. Methods: This study used the Delphi technique. A panel consisting of 21 experts of Korean medicine, particularly in of gynecologic medicine, participated in the Delphi examination that included answering the 4th round survey. The Delphi examination was carried out through evaluating and correcting the questionnaire by e-mail. Results: Through the Delphi survey, we have reached on an agreement regarding the basic concepts, time, cause, essential symptoms, and accessory symptoms of Sanhupung. They are as follows: 1) Sanhupung is a culture bound syndrome reflecting Korea's cultural specificity. 2) Sanhupung can be diagnosed even after the miscarriage. 3) For the diagnosis of Sanhupung, the main cause of symptoms should not be classified as other disease. 4) Sanhupung can be diagnosed based on essential symptoms and accessory symptoms. 5) Essential symptoms include local symptoms such as joint pain at specific areas, partial sensory impairment and general symptoms including pain of all the joints, whole body sensory impairment, increased sweating, feeling of wind coming into the body, worsened symptoms with the cold, intolerance to cold, and pain of all the muscles. Conclusions: The basic concepts and diagnostic definition of Sanhupung were suggested based on the Delphi survey among experts in the field. Further research is necessary to improve reliability and validity of diagnostic definition of Sanhupung in clinical trials.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-188
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• 2009

Purpose: For mothers just delivered of a child, sanhupung(産後風) is a critical disease which can threaten their health. The symptoms of sanhupung were diverse and divided into pain symptoms, general symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We tried to search for the relationship between sanhupung and somatization of postpartum depression. Methods: Analysis was carried out with materials concerning the postpartum depression and sanhupung. For the analysis, materials related with the issue of this study were searched at the Korea Education & Research Information Service, and Oriental medicine advanced searching. Results: 1. The range of period and symptoms of sanhupung has been broaden. The symptoms of sanhupung were divided into pain syndrome, general symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. 2. As the symptoms of postpartum depression might indicate not only physical symptoms but also mental disorder, more attention should be placed on wether the symptoms were involved in somatization of postpartum depression. Conclusion: The authors conclude that obstinate sanhupung that do not healed up and improve in symptoms have a relation to somatization of postpartum depression.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.131-150
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic study trends on Korean medicine treatment of Sanhupung. Methods: Case studies applying Korean medicine treatment on Sanhupung were searched through 5 domestic journal databases. General characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and results of the selected studies were analyzed. Also, the quality of the case studies was reviewed based on the CAse REport (CARE) guideline and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Results: 11 studies (16 cases) were found to be analyzed according to their general characteristics, symptoms, interventions, treatment period, outcome, and results. The most common complaint of Sanhupung patients was pain, and the most applied intervention for Sanhupung was herbal medicine and acupuncture. The duration of treatment ranged from 9 days to 4 months. All case studies reported that the Korean medicine treatment was effective in treating Sanhupung. According to the quality assessment, 'Timeline of case', 'Diagnostic challenges', 'Intervention adherence and tolerability', 'Adverse and unanticipated events', and 'Informed consent' were showed low reporting rates. Conclusions: Further clinical studies are needed to establish the evidence for Korean medicine treatment for Sanhupung.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.125-133
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• 2012

Objectives: Postpartum thyroiditis patient's symptoms are very similar to symptoms of postpartum disease which can be called sanhupung. This study is to report the effect of herbal medicine on sanhupung patient diagnosed of postpartum thyroiditis. Methods: We treated a 32-year-old female patient who had symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis and sanhupung with Jaeumganghwa-tang and Jayumkeonbi-tang. Results: After herbal medicine treatment the symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis such as general weakness, hot flush on the palms and soles of the feet, fever pattern of malaria and symptoms of sanhupung such as arthralgia, depression, imsomnia, sweating were improved. Conclusions: This case report shows that herbal medicine can be used to treat patient with postpartum thyroiditis and Jaeumganghwa-tang, Jayumkeonbi-tang is effective for mitigating the symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis. However, patient is still in thyroxine treatment, and additional care is required.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2022

Objectives: The definition of Sanhupung (Puerperal wind disorder) has been varied and there has been a prior study to establish the definition, but no clear conclusion has been reached on diagnostic criteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clearly redefine the definition of Sanhupung using the Delphi method. Methods: This study used the Delphi technique. A panel consisting of 13 experts of Korean medicine, particularly in Obstetrics & Gynecology, participated in the Delphi survey that included answering the 3rd round survey. The Delphi survey was conducted by evaluating and correcting the questionnaire using e-mail. Results: Through the Delphi survey, we have reached an agreement regarding the diagnostic criteria of Sanhupung. They are as follows: 1) Sanhupung can be diagnosed based on basic symptoms. If one or more symptoms are expressed in the basic symptom group, it can be diagnosed as Sanhupung. It is diagnosed in detail as a pain type or a sensory impairment type according to the category of basic symptoms. 2) Incidental symptoms are not essential for diagnosis, and are referred to for checking general weakness and autonomic nervous system conditions. 3) In order to meet the diagnostic criteria, the symptoms should occur within 6 months after childbirth or miscarriage, and the cause of the symptoms should not be classified as other diseases. Conclusions: The diagnostic criteria of Sanhupung were suggested based on the Delphi survey among experts in the field. Further research is necessary to improve the reliability and validity of the criteria.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.148-158
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• 2006

Purpose : Sanhupung(産後風) is not completed golden standards of diagnosis therefore doctors diagnose through symptoms and signs of patients in clinic same as progress of treatments. We polled oriental gynecologic specialists and non-specialisst to find out cognitive differences on Sanhupung. Subjects : We surveyed 83 specialists and 87 non-speciailist from May 15 2005 to Oct 15. We analyzed the result of respondants, 39 (47%) specialists and 65 (75%) nono-specialits). Methods : We sorted all symptoms in previous studies then we categorized them into 4 fields. The results are analyzed by frequency, importance and impact(frequency percentage${\times}$average importance). Results : Except back pain, all pain symptoms were lower evaluated in non-specialist on frequency. Except inguinal region pain, pain of lower limbs and back pain, all pain symptoms were lower evaluated in non-specialist on importance. Except the numbness of limbs, all items of whole body were lower evaluated in non-specialist on frequency. Except edema, numbness of hand and foot and discharge from the uterus, all items were lower evaluated in non-specialist on importance. All items of neuropsychotic symptoms were lower evaluated in non-specialist on frequency and importance.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.56-74
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current characteristics of outpatients using herbal medicine for treating Sanhupung and provide treatment instructions in the clinical field. Methods: To analyze characteristics of outpatients with postpartum disease, I searched medical records from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 using O94 (Sequelae of complication of pregnancy) in an oriental medicine hospital and 73 Sanpuhung patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The average age of Sanpuhung outpatients was 32.83±3.14 years old. The mean body weight difference between full-term pregnancy and visiting date was -7.79±4.23 kg. 2. The most chief complaints of Sanpuhung outpatients were musculo-skeletal symptoms in 57 (78.08%) patients followed by neuropsychiatric symptoms and circulatory symptoms. In musculo-skeletal symptoms, the most chief complaint area was wrist in 48 (65.75%) patients followed by waist, shoulder and knee. 3. 68 (93.15%) patients gave birth between 38 and 42 weeks of pregnancy, 33 (45.20%) patients gave birth by caesarean operation. Patients delivered in July visited the hospital most frequently for postpartum care. 4. 68 (93.15%) patients gave birth to single-born babies. The average birth weight was 3.13±0.45 kg. 5. In distribution from delivery to visitation period, the average was 65.08±103.2 days. The number of visits less than two times was 72 (98.63%). 6. A total of 73 outpatients got herbal medicine. Depending on the symptoms, herbal medicines were different from each other. Ikgibohyeol-tang-gagambang, Ojeok-san-gagambang and Gunggui-tang-gagambang were mostly used. Conclusions: These results could be helpful to treat Sanhupung patients in Korean gynecologic clinical fields.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.34-58
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the interventions of Oriental Medicine which had been commonly used for postpartum disease and postpartum care. Methods: We searched research on the interventions for postpartum disease and postpartum care in 4 domestic search engines. After that, we conducted eligibility screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 1. We selected total 50 studies. There were 2 randomized controlled trial (RCT), 5 non-RCT, 35 case reports, 8 case series within the 6~8 weeks after childbirth. 2. Of the 35 case reports, several interventions were used : acupuncture (22), moxibustion (11), cupping therapy (7), pharmacopuncture (5), chuna manipulation (4), herbal medicine (34). The most common symptoms were musculoskeletal symptoms (8), followed by postpartum depression (7). Various prescriptions and acupoints of oriental medicine were used depending on the diseases or symptoms. 3. Of the 8 case series, 382 subjects in 5 case series had taken Saenghwa-tang-gagam. And Acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy (5), pharmacopuncture (1) were used as an intervention. 4. The most commonly used acupoint is 腎兪 (BL23) in the pain including postpartum back pain and 三陰交 (SP6), 關元 (CV4) in the postpartum care. 關元 (CV4) is the most commomly used moxibustion point not only the postpartum disease but also the postpartum care. Conclusions: In clinical studies of oriental medicine related to postpartum disease and postpartum care, pain-related clinical studies that belong to or progress to Sanhupung were the most common (30%), and among them, postpartum low back pain studies were the most common (20%). Based on this, we believe that large-scale clinical studies with high quality using oriental interventions including chuna and pharmacopuncture are needed to establish guidelines for the management of pain treatment including postpartum back pain.