• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of xylitol and sorbitol mouth rinse on the salivary caries activity levels. Methods: The study subjects were 38 female college students in Gyeongju, Korea. The subjects visited the institution once a week for 4 weeks and the saliva samples were measured for the amount of salivary caries activity levels. The saliva was collected 5 times and incubated in Mitis Salivarius Agar for 48 hours(VS-1203P3L, Vision, Korea) and measured. Results: The Streptococcus mutans CFU decreased by statistically significant amounts as compared to before the experiment within the xylitol group and the sorbitol group(p<0.01). After three weeks of mouth rinse application, Streptococcus mutans CFU of the xylitol group and the sorbitol group showed statistically significant differences(p<0.05). The salivary flow rates within the xylitol group and sorbitol group increased by statistically significant amounts(p<0.01) than before the test. The change in the salivary buffering capacity decreased by a statistically significant amount as compared to before experiment within the xylitol group(p<0.01). Conclusions: The salivary caries activity levels decreased after using xylitol and sorbitol mouth rinse in CFU and the flow rate. The buffering activity levels increased within the xylitol group. Further follow-up studies would be necessary to identify the various effects of xylitol.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to clarify effects of sleep restriction on a diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol and DHEA levels in Korean adolescents.83 middle school students were recruited to participate in restricted sleep period group (less than 4h/day) or unrestricted sleep period group (from 6h/day to 7h/day). Both were 14 to 17 years old. They were instructed to keep the sleep-awakening schedule and sampling protocol. Saliva samples of cortisol and DHEA were collected at 8h, 12h, 16h and 20h. Salivary hormones were analysed with salivary cortisol(or DHEA) EIA kit according to a fixed assay protocol. Cortisol levels of restricted sleep period group and unrestricted sleep period group significantly decreased according to the sampling times. Cortisol levels of sleep restricted group was significantly higher than those of usual sleep group at all sampling times. At 8h, DHEA levels of both groups were significantly higher than those at 12h, 16h and 20h. However, DHEA levels of restricted sleep period group did not differ from those of unrestricted sleep period group at all sampling times.Cortisol and DHEA levels of both group showed the typical diurnal rhythm regardless of sleep status. Restricted sleep may increased cortisol release, not DHEA release, which indicated a changed HPA axis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 타액 분비량, 타액의 완충능력 그리고 타액 내 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 수를 측정하여 치아 우식경험도와의 상관관계를 분석하기 위하여 시행하였다. 81명의 평균연령 26.1세인 81명의 전북대학교 치과대학생을 대상으로 구강내 우식경험지수를 조사한 후 타액 분비량을 측정하였고, 시판 중인 Dentobuffer Strip 키트와 Dentocult SM-Strip mutans 키트(Orion Diagnostica, Finland)를 사용하여 타액의 완충능력과 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 수를 평가한 결과, 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사 대상자의 평균 DMFT와 DMFS는 6.57과 12.65를 나타냈다. 2. 일반적으로 우식경험지수가 높을수록 타액 분비량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 이 중 자극성타액 분비량과 DMFT사이에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 3. 타액의 완충능력과 우식경험도 사이의 관계에서 타액의 PH가 낮아짐에 따라 DMFT와 DMFS는 증가하였으며, 특히 DMFT의 경우 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 4. 타액 내 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균의 수가 높을수록 DMFT와 DMFS가 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 5. 자극성 타액 분비량이 낮을수록, 타액의 완충능력이 낮을수록, 그리고 타액 내 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 수가 많을수록 더 높은 우식경험도를 나타냈다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 1996

본 연구는 산부식 법랑질의 타액오염 효과를 오염 시간별 전단결합강도를 통해 알아보고 주사 전자현미경으로 표면 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 타액오염 시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 38% 인산용액으로 15초와 60초 산부식한 후 타액으로 0초, 1초, 20초, 60초동안 오염시켜 세척과 건조 후 주사 전자현미경으로 부식면을 검경하였으며, 교정용 레진을 이용하여 브라켓 접착 후 전단결합강도를 측정하고 통계 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 타액에 오염시키지 않은 15초 산부식 군과 60초 산부식 군 사이의 전단결합강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차를 보이지 않았으나, 60초 산부식군에서 전단결합강도가 조금 낮았다. 2. 15초, 60초 산부식군에서 대조군, 1초, 20초, 60초의 타액오염 시간의 차이 에 따른 전단결합강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차를 보이지 않았으나, 타액오염시간의 증가에 따라 전단결합력이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 3. 주사 전자현미경 관찰시 대조군에서는 특징적인 부식양상을 보였으나 타액오염 군에서는 유기물이 침착되어 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2020

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the salivary microbiota in conditions of periodontal health and disease and to explore microbial changes following nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Methods: Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected from 4 periodontally healthy participants at baseline and from 8 patients with chronic periodontitis at baseline and 3 months following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene from the DNA of saliva samples were amplified and sequenced. The salivary microbial compositions of the healthy participants and patients with periodontitis prior to and following nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis were compared based on the relative abundance of various taxa. Results: On average, 299 operational taxonomic units were identified in each sample. The phylogenetic diversity in patients with periodontitis was higher than that in healthy participants and decreased following treatment. The abundance of the phylum Spirochaetes and the genus Treponema in patients with periodontitis was 143- and 134-fold higher than in the healthy control group, respectively, but decreased significantly following treatment. The species that were overabundant in the saliva of patients with periodontitis included the Peptostreptococcus stomatis group, Porphyromonas gingivalis, the Fusobacterium nucleatum group, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Filifactor alocis, and Tannerella forsythia. The phylum Actinobacteria, the genus Streptococcaceae_uc, and the species Streptococcus salivarius group were more abundant in healthy participants than in those with periodontitis. There was a trend toward a decrease in disease-associated taxa and an increase in health-associated taxa following treatment. Conclusions: Our results revealed differences in the taxa of salivary microbiota between conditions of periodontal health and disease. The taxa found to be associated with health or disease have potential for use as salivary biomarkers for periodontal health or disease.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1993

To investigate the changes in aerobic and facultative anaerobic oral microflora during remission-induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 10 consecutive patients were studied during a period of 28 days. One day before, during and after the induction therapy, patients were given 10% Betadine solution for mouthrinses after breakfast and kept from eating and drinking. After 3 hours, paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was obtained for 2 minutes and transported to the laboratory. The samples were dispersed and homogenized by use of vortex mixer for 20 seconds. From these samples 10-fold serial dilutions (from 10-1 through 10-3) were prepared. Each dilution of 0.1 ml was plated on duplicate set of one nonselective medium (Blood agar) and four selective media (Sabourauds dextrose agar, Mannitol salt agar, Mac-Conkey agar, SF medium ) using applicator woods. All agar plate were incubated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. The total number of microorganisms was calculated and the percentage distribution of the various microorganisms from each specimen was drawn. 1. The salivary flow rate decreased by 66%, going from 5.38 ml/2min to 1.81 ml/2min over two days during the chemotherapy. 2. The total number of microorganisms in saliva increased by 22%, going from 4.88$\times$105/ml to 6.00$\times$105/ml over two days during the chemotherapy. 3. The salivary flow rate and the total number of microorganisms in saliva were recovered within 28 days after the chemotherapy. 4. The quantitative alteration in oral Enterobacteria, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Cndida during the chemotherapy had no statistical significance. 5. In saliva of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia who ahd intraoral ulcer, Enterobacteria was quantitatively predominent. Our study suggests that chemotherapy-induced transient xerostomia may induce acute oral infection. Consequently, the use of saliva substitute, the removal of intraoral infection source and the consistent oral hygiene care seem to be required to avoid the transmission of potential pathogenes in this group of patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and validity of subgingival bacterial sampling using a retraction cord, and to evaluate how well this sampling method reflected changes in periodontal conditions after periodontal therapy. Methods: Based on clinical examinations, 87 subjects were divided into a healthy group (n=40) and a periodontitis group (n=47). Clinical measurements were obtained from all subjects including periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the plaque index. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a subgingival bacterial sample were sampled before and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The salivary and subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify the following 11 periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythus (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Pavimonas micra (Pm), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), and Eubacterium nodatum (En). Results: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant decreases in PD (P<0.01), CAL (P<0.01), and BOP (P<0.05) after 3 months. Four species (Pg, Tf, Pi, and Pm) were significantly more abundant in both types of samples in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group. After periodontal therapy, Cr was the only bacterium that showed a statistically significant decrease in saliva, whereas statistically significant decreases in Cr, Pg, and Pn were found in GCF. Conclusions: Salivary and subgingival bacterial sampling with a gingival retraction cord were found to be equivalent in terms of their accuracy for differentiating periodontitis, but GCF reflected changes in bacterial abundance after periodontal therapy more sensitively than saliva.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-129
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• 1994

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology is a widely recognized and useful technique which can provide diagnosis in lesions of the head and neck, enabling appropriate management plans for individual patient to be made. Fifty one fine needle aspirates from salivary gland masses were examined. Four aspirates (8%) were inadequate for examination. Of the remaning 47 samples, 42 cases (82%) were benign lesions which consist of 30 pleomorphic adenoma(58%), 7 inflammatory lesion (14%), 4 Warthin's tumor(8%) and 1 benign lesion(2%). Two cases(4%) were atypical lesions. Three cases(6%) were malignant lesions consisting of 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas(4%) and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma (2%). The cytologic diagnoses were compared with the subsequent histologic diagnosis of surgical resected specimen in 24 cases. 19 cases of 21 aspirates from benign tumors were correctly diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology, with a specificity of 90%. All 3 aspirates from the 3 patients with malignant tumor were correctly diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology, with a sensitivity at 100%. Overall acurracy was 88%. Diagnostic error was encountered in adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Warthin's tumor Correct histologic diagnosis was made in 86% of benign tumors(84% for pleomorphic adenoma and 100% for Warthin's tumor) and in 100% of malignant tumors.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2020

Veillonella spp. have been reported to be the most prevalent nitrate-reducing bacterial species in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the abundance of Veillonella spp. and nitrite production after nitrate ingestion. Bacterial samples were obtained from the tongue surfaces of 50 university students. The predominant Veillonella spp., V. atypica, V. dispar, and V. rogosae were identified and enumerated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Salivary nitrate and nitrite were measured before and 30, 60, and 90 min after ingestion of 100 ml of beetroot juice. Increased nitrite concentrations were observed in all participants, with a mean increase of 0.61 (0.42-1.10) mM expressed as the median (interquartile range). Veillonella atypica was detected in 40 subjects (80%), V. dispar in 48 (96%), and V. rogosae in 48 (96%), at quantities ranging from 1.3 × 102 to 2.8 × 107 CFU/ml per subject. The strengths of the correlations of the log colony forming unit (CFU) values of V. atypica, V. dispar, V. rogosae, and the log CFU value of the three species together with the increase in nitrite levels were 0.091, 0.114, -0.228, and 0.060, respectively, none of which were significant (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that the abundance of Veillonella spp. is not related to salivary nitrite production after nitrate ingestion.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

Objectives: The c-kit gene encodes a transmembrane receptor-type tyrosine kinase, which is known to have a significant role in the normal migration and development of germ cells and melanocytes. In the previous studies of c-kit gene, c-kit expressions showed only in adenoid cystic carcinomas, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas and myoepithelial carcinomas, but not in others and mutation was not found in any types of salivary carcinoma. We investigate the c-kit expression which may be useful to differentiating adenoid cystic carcinomas from others, and mutation of the gene which may not be exist nor the mechanism of c-kit activation in salivary carcinomas. Material and Methods: The archival tissue samples from 42 salivary carcinomas of major and minor salivary glands were studied for c-kit expression by immunohistochemistry and gene mutation by polymerase chain reaction amplification and single strand conformational polymorphism. Results: The c-kit expressions were noted in 22/24 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 7/9 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 2/3 acinic cell carcinomas, 3/4 malignant mixed tumors, and one undifferentiated carcinoma. The mutation of c-kit gene was found in 3/24 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3/8 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, one acinic cell carcinoma, and 2/4 malignant mixed tumors. Conclusion: c-kit protein overexpression is seen in a variety of salivary gland carcinomas, and the mutation of the gene may be the mechanism of c-kit activation in these neoplasms.