• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.445-456
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of variables affecting women's golf wear sales with macroeconomic variables and consumer selling prices that affect consumers' purchasing behavior, and to propose a price strategy to increase sales of golf wear. Data of domestic women's golf wear brands were analyzed using decision tree algorithms and ensemble. Consumer selling price is the most significant factors in terms of sales volume for T-shirt, pants and knit, while categories were found to be the most important factors in addition to consumer sales prices for skirt and one piece dress. These findings suggest that items have different economic variables that affect consumers' purchasing behavior, suggesting that sales and profits can be maximized through appropriate price strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to develop an OLAP (online analytical processing) database system that supports the SMBA (Small and medium Business Administration) policy funding. A heterogeneous dimension schema will be central in staged support of policy funds. In this paper, therefore, we designed the FREQUENCY dimension table which has a heterogeneous dimension schema structure. In this paper, we made a model of measuring SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) size first. The model is composed of six determinants of firm growth such as sales, employment, own technology, the operating profit to sales ratio, the debt ratio, and the current ratio. We developed the OLAP database system by using three dimensions including the FREQUENCY dimension, and using the model of measuring SME size. Also we assessed past decisions on policy funding in the Small Business Policy Funds Support Project (2004-2007) by using the OLAP database system.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.111-129
• /
• 2012

The integration of products and services is being expanded in both manufacturing and service companies such as in Apple's iPod & iTunes, Amazon's Kindle, and Hyundai Motor Company's Mozen. This phenomenon has recently accelerated due to multiple factors including market change, lessening of differences in quality of products or services, the paradigm of participation and sharing, and deindustrialization and evolution toward becoming a service economy. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the status and characteristics of integration of products and services in Korean firms and to suggest policy directions promoting this integration. Towards this purpose, income statements from the Korea Listed Companies Association (KLCA) database of companies listed on the Korea Stock Exchange are analyzed regarding the servitization of manufacturing firms as well as the productization of service firms. In addition, this research investigates the Korean Innovation Survey 2011 database for the service sector and 2010 database for the manufacturing sector in order to evaluate R&D activity in each. In the manufacturing sector, the average ratio of service sales (servitization) was low at 0.208, with bias in the level and distribution of ratios associated with the manufacturing sector. 18 out of a total of 23 sectors (78%) have low servitization, showing there's a long way to go for servitization in the Korean manufacturing sector. In the service sector, the average ratio of product sales (productization) was 9.53%, which is relatively high compared to that of the manufacturing sector. However, the distribution of ratios is also biased, as with the manufacturing sector. Based on this analysis, policy directions are proposed in terms of 1) R&D, 2) concept boost, 3) R&D result spread, 4) statistics, 5) infrastructure and 6) green growth.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.87-115
• /
• 2023

This study aims to examine the causal relationships between sales and employment for public technology-based startups. Although there is a limit to statistical generalization due to the poor understanding of the actual conditions of public technology start-up companies, these companies were analyzed by classifying them into high-growth companise, potential growth companies, and other companies. In order to understand the causal relationship, and to estimate the time required to be effective, panel vector autoregression was applied. As a result, the performance creation mechanism was identified as government supoort and private investment was mutually causal with employment, sales did not cause employment, and employment caused sales. In other words, it was found that employment plays an mediator role in public technology based startups' performance mechanism. In addition, private investment had the effect of improving employment and sales in the short time than governments support, and showed that firms with high employment can attract government support and private investment. This study are academically meaningful in that they empirically revealed the process of performance creation, whereas previous studies had only shown whether there was an effect on performance. It also has a policy contribution by suggesting the need for effective policy promotion by considering the 'employment' factor, such as human resource support, as more important.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.37-60
• /
• 2010

Department Stores have been in place as typical large-scale retailer in Korean retail market. After Asian financial crisis in 1997, the market share of major three department stores has been increased and they have had a dominant position in relationship with vendors or manufacturers. Thus, they are able to control sales commission. Sales commission is defined as things that department stores which contribute to products sales instead of manufacturers take some portion of price as their revenue. In other words, vendors or manufacturers pay some amount of money from their sales by contracted ratio to department stores. The problem is that vendors or manufacturers think that sales commission is high. However, department stores have a different opinion that sales commission is not high because they generate new value from gathering customers and doing marketing activity on behalf of vendors or manufacturers. Because department stores have operated with business model of renting sales space to vendors or manufacturers instead of buying goods directly from them, this situation has been taken place. The revenue of department stores depend on sales commission. Thus, they want to get a dominant power to control sales commission in relationship with vendors or manufacturers. So, they have tried to increase their size and brand power. The considered policies related in sales commission of department stores are as following: preventing monopoly or oligopoly of department store, being strength of monitoring for department stores' unfair trade, strict enforcement of law for large-scale retailer's unfair trade, and inducing win-win strategy doing voluntarily by department stores.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2008

The determination of spectrum charges for the operators is a main issue to efficiently manage the limited radio spectrum resources. In this paper, we propose a model to compute the optimal charges for radio spectrum usage. The objective is to determine that will maximize the spectrum charges, and decision variables of ratios for actual or estimated revenues are considered. The spectrum charges are maximized under satisfying the least profit for operators based on Log-Linear demand function. The parameters of actual sales and minimum profit of operators are analyzed to make an efficient management for radio spectrum. The results show that the spectrum charges increase as the actual sales increase, but it decrease as the required minimum profit of operator increases. It is also observed that the government should increase the ratio for estimated sales if anticipating the poor market in the future, otherwise they should increase the ratio for actual sales to maximize the spectrum charges.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to review the profitability of sixteen university hospitals of oriental medicine during 2007~2009. Data was collected from 16 hospitals that reveal financial statements to the public and the hospitals were classified into 7 groups. Net sales and COGS per 100 beds of the 7 groups were analyzed to measure profitability and as a percentage of net sales, the rates of personnel expenses, maintenance costs, and material costs were evaluated. The results showed that six groups had consecutively recorded net loss in medical services and differences in profitability among 7 groups were substantial. The analysis showed the profitability was significant for medium-sized hospitals. The rates of personnel expenses in net sales were above 50% in 6 groups with net loss and one group with net profit was 45%. This result indicate the rate of personnel expenses in net sales could be the main factor affecting profitability and further studies are recommended to analyze the determinants of profitability in oriental medical hospitals.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.705-716
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate salesperson's perception of fashion company in the middle management system of department store. This study was conducted by a qualitative research method. An in-depth interview was managed to 14 fashion shop managers and salesperson who have three or more years of work experience at the department store. Interview details were classified three categories: relations with fashion company and others, concern with products supply, concern with products sales. First, the positive factors on relations with fashion company are mutual trust, stability of fashion company, coordination and consideration for shop, communication with fashion company, methodical IT system, methodical education, and social gathering support. The negative factors are unilateral breach of contract from fashion company, communication problem, gap between sales status in shop and product design in fashion company, lack of professional education, difficulty of participating in education, and inadequate employee benefits. Second, the positive factor on products supply is priority of products supply. The negative factors are lack of main items, product procurement lacking rapidity, and problem of securing a supply. Third, the positive factors on products sales are brand pride, display and information support about products, and free gift support. The negative factors are unfair selling commission policy, sales pressure, and excessive responsibility.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.5-21
• /
• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to clarify the meanings of small enterprise and modify criteria for explaining its range. Prioritizing the number of full time workers first and the sales next are proper as a new concept and range. Research design, data, and methodology - In research, 'small company' is a basic concept because the range of its standard is categorized as a 'small company' in the policy system of small & medium business. This study focuses on the solutions with ① evaluation on sales, ② standard for excluded ones ③ regulation for excluded business types in 'Act on Protection and Support for Small Enterprise'. Results - Clarifying the range of standard with maintaining the title is advisable. The scope should resist the current criteria or adopt a new standard which contains not only full time workers but also the sales. The new one may raise the policies' effectiveness because it can sort the 1% people of small enterprises. Conclusions - However, there should be a preventive system for sorting out the non-eligible ones not conformed to the CAP for small company. Therefore, it is desirable to prepare the system with 'unsuitable ones list' or regulate large income·inappropriate business types in 'Act on protection and support for small enterprise'.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of role stress perceived by employed housewives working in sales departments, and further, to devise coping strategies that can help reduce stress resulting from their multiple roles The sample of this study consisted of married women who were working in sales departments, who have at least one child, and who live in the greater Seoul metropolitan area. A total of 343 out of 450 originally distributed questionnaires were used for the analysis in this study. The findings of the study are: 1 The housewives in sales departments felt stress most severely in their role as a mother. Next were the roles as a wife, housewife, daughter, daughter-in-law, and working woman, in that order. 2. It appeared that age and the motive for employment affected the overall level of role stress among housewives. The two variables (age and the motive for employment) explained about 23% of the variance. The younger they were the higher was the level of role stress. Also, if they were working for an economic reason (to support the family), they tended to be more stressed out. The results of this study could be utilized as baseline data for policy-making, consultation, and development of educational programs for housewives working in sales departments, an area that has hardly been explored.