• Strategy21
• /
• 통권33호
• /
• pp.37-64
• /
• 2014

The year 2010 has been regarded as a year of China's assertive diplomacy. A series of China's behavior--including China's critical reaction to the U.S. for its sales of weapons to Taiwan, the Dalai Lama's visit to President Obama, China's arbitrary designation of 'core interests' over the South China Sea, China's inordinate reactions to the sinking of the Cheonan and Yeonpyeong bombardment, and China's activities in the Senkaku/Diaoyu island areas--has served as the witnesses to China's assertive diplomacy in 2010. The major causes of China's assertive diplomacy can be summed up by three factors: potential power transition from U.S. to China; emerging China's nationalism; and the recession of the Tao Guang Yang Hui as a diplomatic principle. But a majority of Western sinologists claim that China's assertive diplomacy is defensive in terms of its character. China's neighboring states, however, perceive its assertive diplomacy as diplomatic threat. Due to these states' geographical proximity and capability gaps with China, these neighbors experience difficulties in coping with China's behavior. In particular, China's coercive economic diplomacy, in which China tends to manipulate the neighbors' economic dependency on China for its diplomatic leverage, is a case in point for China's assertive diplomacy. China's assertiveness seems to be continued even after the inauguration of Xi Jinping government. Although the Xi government's diplomatic rhetorics in "New Type of Great Power Relationship" and the "Convention for Neighboring States Policy" sound friendly and cooperative, its subsequent behavior, like unilateral announcement of Chinese Air Defense Identification Zone (CADIZ), does not conform with its rhetoric. Overall, China's assertiveness has been consolidated as a fashion of its diplomacy, and it is likely to continue in its relations with neighbors. As a neighboring state, the ROK should approach to it with more balanced attitude. In addition, it needs to find out a new diplomatic leverage to deal with China in accordance with its security environment, in which China plays a growing role.

• 복식
• /
• 제59권3호
• /
• pp.42-54
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the study was to grasp problems through a basic survey of actual conditions of the Korean traditional costume industry and to grope a plan to settle the problems. The results were as follows. Operating Status: Rates of the companies' establishment were reduced in 2000s and their sales were also reduced. Status of Goods Development: Korean traditional costume manufacturers and Korean traditional costume textile fabric companies had the highest rate in non-trademark production. Korean traditional costume textile fabric companies and Korean traditional costume rental companies had high rate in self-design. However, Korean traditional costume manufacturers used textile companies' catalogue with the highest rate. Status of Demand and Supply in Human Resources: In human resources needing most, Korean traditional costume manufacturers were tailors, Korean traditional costume textile fBbric companies were salespersons and Korean traditional costume rental companies were designers. Status of Management and Marketing: Causes of difficulties in management were the market slump and the spreading of products made in China. They had a direct publicity through people around mainly. Therefore, it was urgently necessary to introduce special marketing methods. In an investment plan within three years in the future, about 70% did not have an investment plan. Opinions for Promotion of Korean traditional costume: In the government's support policy they wanted, construction of social atmosphere for Korean traditional costume-wearing and Korean traditional costume related educational support had the highest rate. Most of the companies answered that specialized Korean traditional costume agencies were necessary.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.215-231
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 전력소매시장이 개방되어 각종 결합서비스가 제공되는 것을 가정할 때 소비자들의 효용 수준 변화를 분석하였다. 컨조인트법을 이용하여 전력공급에 대한 효용함수와 결합서비스에 대한 지불의사액을 추정하였다. 결과는 두 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 소비자들은 전력공급에 대해서는 기존의 기업 한국전력을 선호한다. 둘째, 소비자들은 전력시장의 결합서비스 자체에 대해서 선호하지 않는다는 것이다. 소비자들은 전력에 대한 결합서비스에 대해서 부정적인 효과를 더 크게 느낄 수 있는데, 에너지 산업은 매우 전문적인 산업으로 결합은 전문성을 떨어뜨려 서비스의 질을 낮출 가능성이 있기 때문일 것이다. 즉, 모든 조건이 똑 같다면 소비자들은 개별 에너지 전문 기업으로 부터 서비스 공급을 받는 것을 선호한다. 따라서 전력 결합서비스가 소비자에게 보다 높은 효용을 제공하고 시장에서 선택받기 위해서는 추가적인 가격할인이나 결합으로 인한 추가 서비스가 제공되어야 할 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제13권
• /
• pp.3-26
• /
• 2000

The International Chamber of Commerce published the millennium edition of its standard trade definitions, Incoterms 2000. Incoterms are a basic reference for sales contracts, in constant daily use throughout the world. The new version will make it easier for traders to do business in the new century, despite the growing volume and complexity of international transactions. Since Incoterms were first published in 1936, they have been updated six times. They precisely define the responsibilities of buyer and seller and are recognized as the international standard by customs authorities and courts in all the main trading nations. It is important for traders to incorporate the correct Incoterms into their international contracts to avoid unnecessary legal problems. Courts may otherwise interpret trade terms according to often widely divergent national laws and unless the use of Incoterms is specified, expensive legal disputes can arise. Division of costs is a most important element in every contract of sale. The parties must know not only who does what but also how costs resulting therefrom should be divided between them. In most cases the fact that a party must do something means that he must also bear the resulting costs, unless otherwise agreed. But there are many exceptions to this principle and uncertainties arise, particularly with respect to services performed by other parties. Also, difficulties arise with respect to the division of costs whenever additional costs are caused by unexpected events, such as hindrances causing a ship to deviate or to remain in a seaport longer than expected. The main principle of the division of costs is clear enough: the seller has to pay costs necessary for the goods to reach the agreed point of delivery, and the buyer has to pay any further costs after that point. But as noted, it is not always easy to implement this principle in practice, since the detailed distribution of functions under the various trade terms is not and cannot be fully defined in Incoterms. Instead, failing precise stipulations in the contract of sale, guidance must be sought from other criteria such as commercial practices used earlier by the same parties or the custom of trade.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 2013

There are the relevant provisions that apply to building regulations about the Building codes, Fire Protection laws, and more Multi-using interior finish materials businesses etc. The differences between these regulations are as follows: The Building codes is defined the main use of the building according to facilities to used to set the scale by the use of the floor space, On the other hand, Fire Protection laws are the basic purpose and the act of using the architectural space(or sales) by separating object by fire. And Multiple-using Businesses Facilities consist of two regulations engaged in the kind of law and the size of the floor area. One building can not be based on operating facilities and together in Multiple use businesses Law. As such, the Buildings are applied to the Building codes, Fire Protection laws, such as Multi-using Businesses Facilities interior construction industry due to the structural differences in the position of the designer feeling a lot of difficulties and confusion. The Multi-use businesses Facilities engage in the kind of law, the size of the floor area and seating capacity. These can not be based on operating facilities, and consists of two regulations together in one building. This study is purposed to help improving the finish of the interior architecture that is related to the Building code regulations, Fire Protection laws, Multi-using Facilities interior finishing material relevant with the provisions from the law through analyze the case of developed countries, and the current Multiple use Businesses Facilities research range from the law of multiple-using facilities, interior finishing, interior architecture for supervision reasonably and compensation for the interior design. So, Result is as follows: First, interior decorations can be separated the fixed material and the moveable things. second, It should be included multi-using Business though small size business space at the basement floor. third, It should be established statute law that design and construction responsibility. forth, re-testing fire resist performance after some period. and finally, it need to mitigate regulation where be installed sprinkler.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 소모성자재 유통에 관련된 구매사, 자재구매대행업자, 납품업체의 운영실태, 애로사항, 정책 및 지원사항 등에 대해 조사하고, 해외선진국가의 소모성 자재 관련 각종 지원정책과 사업운영 프로세스 등에 관한 내용을 벤치마킹하여 정부정책개발 및 대기업과 중소기업이 상생할 수 있는 방안을 도출하고, 나아가 영세 기업인 납품업체를 특화하여 육성할 수 있는 방안을 마련하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 연구결과 공공기관, 중소납품업체를 대상으로 지원방향을, 자재구매대행업자와 민간구매회사를 대상으로 대응방향을 마련하여야 할 것으로 파악되었다. 지원방향에 있어서는 첫째 공공기간에 대해서는 구매시스템을 구축하고 대행하며 검증된 중소납품업체 정보 제공이 지원되어야 하며, 구체적으로는 공공기관 통합 구매시스템이 구축되어 구매 대행 서비스를 지원하여야 할 것이다. 중소납품업체에 대해서는 5대 의무구매품목 인증을 지원하여 공공기관의 입찰 기준을 개선하고 마케팅, 영업 교육이 실시되어야 한다는 것이다. 구체적인 실천방안으로는 영세업체 인증지원을 강화하고 조달청 등의 복잡한 입찰절차를 완화하고 권역별 대표 유통단지를 대상으로 현장교육을 실시하며 공동구매 서비스를 지원하여야 한다는 것이다. 대응방향에 있어서는 자매구매대행업체들에 대해서 소모성자재 대체 납품기준을 마련하여 가격 외의 기준으로 공공기관부터 적용하여야 할 것이며, 공동 MRO몰의 초기 포지셔닝 방향을 수립하고 지원하여 민간기업과의 차별화를 부각시켜 5대 의무구매품목만 취급하도록 하여야 할 것이다. 민간구매회사에 대해서는 납품업체 적정이익을 확보하여 납품업체 이익을 일정부분 보장한 정부주체의 운영몰 등이 필요하다는 것이다.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국IT서비스학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.572-577
• /
• 2008

정보보호 안전진단 제도는 정보보호 수준을 향상시키고 정보통신서비스의 안정성 및 신뢰성을 확보하기 위한 목적으로 2004년 7월부터 시행되었으나 일부의 안전진단 대상 사업자들은 본 제도에 대해 부정적이며, 대상 사업자 선정을 위해서 필요한 자료의 취득이 어려운 여건 등을 감안하여, 신뢰성있는 데이터에 기반하면서도 객관적이고 합리적으로 대상자를 선정하기 위한 기준이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 관련 자료의 통계분석과 전문가의 의견을 취합하여 도출된 개선방안을 제안했는데, 주요내용은 정보통신서비스제공자와 집적시설사업자는 정보통신 매출액 50억 이상으로, 쇼핑몰 등 다중이용서비스 제공자는 개인정보 수집건수 200만명이상인 사업자를 안전진단 대상자로 선정하는 방안이다.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2018

An automobile is composed of a combination of a lot of parts, and it is difficult to maintain the same performance from a new car until it's scrapped. Greenhouse gases included in automobile emissions are typically carbon dioxide and methane. It is expected that this greenhouse gas will change depending on the aging (cumulative mileage) of the automobile However, the greenhouse gas characteristics by cumulative mileage lack of actual data due to time and economic difficulties. Therefore, in this paper, we selected automobile with high sales by displacement in korea and carbon dioxide and methane were measured by using method of the related law. The cumulative mileage is as follows; within 160 km (Statutory mileage by 2010), 6500 km (current statutory mileage), 15000 km (approximately 1-year average mileage of Non-business passenger vehicle). As a result of the test, the emission of carbon dioxide and methane was the smallest at 6,500 km, and increased in order of 15000 km, within 160 km. Also, it was confirmed that the $CO_2$ emission change of a large displacement automobile is more smaller at each mileage. Although the greenhouse gas tends to increase as the mileage of the vehicle, it is thought that additional confirmation is required of since 15,000 km as well, because it can occur deviations due to taming process or mechanical friction of the automobile.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2019

This study is to develop a diagnostic model for the effective introduction of smart factories in the manufacturing industry, to diagnose SMEs that have difficulties in building their own smart factory compared to large enterprise, to identify the current level and to present directions for implementation. IT, AT, and OT experts diagnosed 18 SMEs using the "Smart Factory Capacity Diagnosis Tool" developed for smart factory level assessment of companies. They analyzed the results and assessed the level by smart factory diagnosis categories. Companies' smart factory diagnostic mean score is 322 out of 1000 points, between 1 level (check) and 2 level (monitoring). According to diagnosis category, Factory Field Basic, R&D, Production/Logistics/Quality Control, Supply Chain Management and Reference Information Standardization are high but Strategy, Facility Automation, Equipment Control, Data/Information System and Effect Analysis are low. There was little difference in smart factory level depending on whether IT system was built or not. Also, Companies with large sales amount were not necessarily advantageous to smart factories. This study will help SMEs who are interested in smart factory. In order to build smart factory, it is necessary to analyze the market trends, SW/ICT and establish a smart factory strategy suitable for the company considering the characteristics of industry and business environment.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2022

The total number of Korean restaurants using delivery applications has substantially increased from 7.6% in 2018 to 11.2% in 2019. In 2020, the gross sales in the food delivery service market reached approximately 17 trillion won; this amount is virtually six times that in 2017 (i.e., 2 trillion won). Meanwhile, the annual average death toll of motorcycle riders increased by 3.5%, whereas the number of deaths due to other traffic accidents decreased by 8.2%. Consequently, the foregoing has become a critical social problem. Despite the continuing increase in the number of delivery riders due to the rapid expansion of the delivery industry, no appropriate safety management system has been established. Moreover, the government is experiencing difficulties in assessing the exact situation because of the absence of competent authority. In this study, fundamental data on the characteristics of delivery work and motorcycle accidents were collected through surveys and interviews; then, the influencing factors of traffic accidents were analyzed. Different influencing factors were identified: work experience as a rider; number of deliveries; whether to accept delivery requests in transit; manner of accepting delivery requests; and traffic law violations, such as speeding (for faster delivery) and running a red light. Because the motorcycle delivery industry has a relatively low job-entry barrier (i.e., special qualifications are not required), the riding skills of riders must be improved, and delivery companies must be technically developed to achieve a safe working environment. The results of this study can be utilized as fundamental data for system development or structural improvement of the delivery industry.