• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2014

본 실험은 비육돈 사료 중 오메가-3와 오메가-6 지방산의 증가가 돈육 등심 내 지방산 조성과 돈육의 품질특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 사료 중 유지의 조성은 대조구(우지5%), 아마인유(5%), 홍화씨유(5%) 및 혼합유(아마인유2.5%+홍화씨유2.5%)를 배합하여 비육기 삼원교잡돼지(LYD)에 4주간 급여하였다. 돼지 등심의 지방산 조성은 아마인유처리구(T1)에서 linolenic acid의 함량이 $2.35{\pm}0.21%$로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 홍화씨유처리구(T2)에서 linoleic acid의 함량이 $35.26{\pm}1.91%$로 가장 높게 나타났고, Oleic acid의 함량은 대조구(C)에서 $21.59{\pm}1.85%$로 가장 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 전체 다가불포화지방산의 양은 홍화씨유처리구(T2)가 $47.80{\pm}1.29%$로 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 가장 높았고(p<0.05), n-6:n-3 비율은 $11.57{\pm}0.90$으로 아마인유처리구(T1)가 가장 낮은 값을 보였던 반면, 홍화씨유급여구(T2)는 오메가-6 지방산의 함량이 높아져서 $37.56{\pm}12.51$로 유의적으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 돈육의 pH와 명도, 적색도는 시험유지급여에 따른 변화가 없었으나, 황색도는 홍화씨유처리구(T2)에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 보수력과 가열감량에 있어서도 시험유지의 급여에 따른 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않아(p>0.05) 다가불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 시험유지의 급여가 돈육의 육질특성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 식물성유지의 급여를 통해 육질에 미치는 영향을 최소화하여 소비자들로부터 각광받고 있는 오메가-3 지방산의 함량을 증가시킬 수 있음을 확인하였으나, n-6:n-3 비율이 권장되는 값에 비하여 높게 나타났으므로(11.57:1) 추후 이 비율을 낮추는 사양기술에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2002

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid fractions in regions of the brain and on behavioral development in rats. The Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets 3~4 wks prior to the conception. Experimental diets consisted of 10% fat(wt/wt) which were from either safflower oil (SO, poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids), mixed oil MO, P/M/S ratio : 1:1.4:1, $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio = 6.3), or mixed oil supplemented with vitamin E (+500 mg/kg diet). At 3 and 9 weeks of age, frontal cortex (FC), corpus striatum (CS), hippocampus (H), and cerebellum (CB) were dissected from the whole brain. The fatty acid content was determined in the different phospholipid fractions: phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl-serine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the rat brain regions. In the visual discrimination test, the order of the cumulative errors made in Y-water maze test were SO > MO > ME. This suggested that the balanced diet supplemented with vitamin I had the most beneficial effect on learning ability. The overall characteristics of correlation between fatty acids and behavior development were that the frequency of cumulative errors were negatively correlated significantly with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), ie., 18:1 $\omega$9 and 22:1 $\omega$9. Docosa-hexaenoic acid (22:6 $\omega$3) of PS in frontal cortex (FC) was negatively correlated with the number of errors made in the Y-water maze test.22:5 $\omega$6 PS in hippocampus (H), PC and PE in corpus striatum (CS), PC in cerebellum (CB) were positively correlated with cumulative errors. And these errors were negatively correlated with 20:4 $\omega$ 6 of PE in corpus striatum (CS) and PC in cerebellum (CB). Especially, O1eic acid (18:1 u 9) in all phospholipid fractions (PC, PS, PE) of hippocampus was negatively correlated with the number of errors. These findings demonstrate that the MUFAs were might be essential for proper brain development, especially in hippocampus which is generally thought to be the regions of memory and learning.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2009

Powdery and downy mildews caused by Sphaerotheca fusca and Pseudoperonospora cubensis are the most common and serious diseases of cucumber worldwide. In spite of the introduction of highly effective systemic fungicides, control of these diseases remains elusive. Hence, this study aimed to develop an alternative method to chemicals in controlling the diseases by using different types of cooking oil. Egg yolk, which contains a natural emulsifier, lecithin, was selected as a surfactant to emulsify the oils. Among the different cooking oils used, soybean, canola (rape seed), safflower, sunflower, olive, and corn oils showed over 95% control values against powdery mildew of cucumber in a greenhouse test. In particular, 0.3% canola oil emulsified with 0.08% yolk (1 yolk and 60 ml canola in 20 l spray) was found to be the most effective. The treatment resulted in 98.9% and 96.3% control efficacies on powdery and downy mildews, respectively, of cucumber in the field. Canola oil exhibited direct and systemic effect, wherein powdery mildew of cucumber was suppressed only on treated leaves but not on non-treated leaves in a plant, while mycelia and conidia of the pathogen were severely distorted or destroyed by the treatment. The prospect of using the canola oil and yolk mixture as a natural fungicide is highly promising because of its effectiveness, availability, low cost, simple preparation, and safety to humans and the environment. The use of the canola oil and yolk mixture is expected to be an effective fungicide for use in organic farming and home gardening.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

전통음료의 소재로 애용되는 녹차, 감잎 홍화 및 두충의 열수추출물이 납투여된 흰쥐의 체내 무기질 함량 및 간과 신장조직의 형태학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 체중kg당25mg의 납을 매주 1회 경구투여하였다. 녹차잎, 감잎, 홍화씨 및 두충수피의 열수추출물은 매일 일정시간에 체중 kg당 1.26 g수준이 되도록 4주간 경구투여하였다. 전통음료 소재의 열수추출물 급여시 납투여로 인한 혈청과 간조직의 납축적 억제와 혈청 중의 철과 구리 함량 증가에 효과적인 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 납투여시 혈청 중 포도당과 알부민 함량은 유의적으로 감소되었으며 크레아티닌과 빌리루빈 할량은 유의 적으로 증가되었다. 반면, 실험식이 급여시 이들 혈청 중 성분함량의 회복을 보였다. 또한 간조직 및 신장조직의 형태학적 변화는 납단독투여군에서 괴사성 소견 및 염증세포의 출현이 관찰되었으나 전통음료 소재의 열수추출물 급여시 조직학적 변화를 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

정향, 감, 오배자, 황벽, 치자, 홍화황 및 아나토와 같은 천연 식물로부터 얻어진 색소 추출물의 항산화 및 항비만 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 오배자 추출물에서 2,441.45 mg/kg으로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 정향 추출물에서 1,346.48 mg/kg으로 높았다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성 및 환원력을 이용한 항산화 활성은 오배자 추출물에서 가장 높았다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase에 대한 저해 활성은 감 추출물에서 ($IC_{50}=22.83{\mu}g/mL$) 가장 높았고, 다음으로 오배자 추출물에서 높았다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 및 lipase에 대한 저해 활성 역시 감 추출물 처리 시 각각 49.45% 및 61.01%로 높은 활성을 보였다. $20{\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 처리 시 3T3-L1 세포 내 지방 축적율은 감, 정향 및 아나토 추출물 처리군에서 각각 81.54%, 83.36% 및 85.70%로 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 3T3-L1 세포 내 triglyceride 함량은 정향 추출물 처리군이 66.11%로 가장 낮았고 다음으로 감 추출물 처리 군에서 88.88%로 유의적으로 낮았다. 천연식물류로부터 추출한 색소 원료 중 오배자 추출물이 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, 감 추출물은 소화효소 저해 활성과 3T3-L1 세포 내의 지방 축적 억제 효과를 가짐으로써 항비만 활성을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.583-591
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• 2002

Biodegradation of fat, oil, and grease (FOGs) plays an Important role in wastewater management and water pollution control. However, many industrial food-processing and food restaurants generate FOG-containing waste waters for which there Is no acceptable technology for their pretreatment. To solve these problems, this study evaluated the feasibility of effective FOG-degrading microorganisms on the biodegradation of olive oil and FOG-containing wastewater. Twenty-two strains capable of degrading FOGs were isolated from five FOG-contaminated sites for the evaluation of their FOG degradation capabilities. Among twenty-two strains tested, the lipase-producing Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 was selected for actual FOG wastewater treatment. Its biodegradability was performed at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 8. The extent of FOG removal efficiency was varied for each FOG tested, being the highest for olive oil and animal fat (94.5% and 94.4%), and the lowest for safflower oil (62%). The addition of organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, soytone, and peptone enhanced the removal efficiency of FOGs, but the addition of the inorganic nitrogen nutrients such as $NH_4$Cl and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ did not increase. The $KH_2PO_4$ sources in 0.25% to 0.5% concentrations showed more than 90% degradability. As a result, the main pathway for the oxidation of fatty acids results in the removal of two carbon atoms as acetyl-CoA with each reaction sequence: $\beta$-oxidation. Its lipase activity showed 38.5 U/g DCW using the optimal media after 9 h. Real wastewater and FOGs were used for determining the removal efficiency by using Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 bioadditive. The degradation by Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 was 41% higher than that of the naturally occurring bacteria. This result indicated that the use of isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 in a bioaugmentating grease trap or other processes might possibly be sufficient to acclimate biological processes for degrading FOGs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2001

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant systems in the rat brain regions. The Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets 3-4 wks prior to the conception. Experimental diet consisted of 10% fat(wt/wt) which were safflower oil(SO, poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids), mixed oil(MO, P/M/S ratio=1.03:1.45:1,$\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio=6.3) and mixed oil supplemented with vitamin E(ME:MO+500mg vitamin E/kg diet). At 3 and 9 weeks of age of the newborn rats, frontal cortex(FC), corpus striatum(CS), hippocampus(H) cerebellum(CB) were dissected out from the whole brain. Activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-P(sub)x, superoxide dismutase(SOD) concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA) were mesaured. Dietary fatty acids were not effective in antioxidative system for rat brain. However, when vitamin E was supplemented to the diet(ME), the activities of GSH-P(suh)x tended to increase in comparison to MO group. Therefore, the activites of GSH-P(suh)x of FC and H at the age of 3 weeks showed significant differences(p<0.05). The activities of Total-SOD tended to decrease in ME group compared to MO group. There were significant differences(p<0.05) in FC and CS at the age of 3 weeks. The activities of Mn-SOD tended to increase and Cu, Zn-SOD tended to decrease when vitamin E was supplemented. The activity levels of antioxidative enzymes at the age of 3 weeks and 9 weeks were similar. This suggested that the activity level of antioxidative enzymes reached to the adult level at the age of 3 weeks which is the end point of lactation period. The concentrations of MDA were not altered by experimental diets. When the activities of antioxidant enzymes were compared, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were the lowest in H and FC. In conclusion, the antioxidative system were not altered by dietary fatty acid at the age of 3 weeks and 9 weeks, but the supplementation of vitamin E altered the antioxidative systems. Therefore, these findings should be considered comprehensively in scope of the balance of various antioxidative systems and their interactions(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):14-22, 2001)

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.911-921
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• 1997

Recently the interest in natural dyeing has been increased because of the color clarity, natural grace and reactionism in fashion. Indigo dyeing, safflower dyeing and Gal-ott in Cheju-Do become generally known, so the study about the natural dyeing is continued with national intrust and support. In this study, 1 used artemisia for various dyeing tests because we can get it easily. 1 tested the dyeability in wool as well as cotton and silk with wormwood in natural dyeing material. I also dyed nylon with the same material for the comparison of the molecular structure. The mercerization and the chitosan treatment were done in cotton to improve the low dyeability in the natural dyeing. The result of this study are as follows; We have to dye repeatedly to get deep color in natural dyeing, and mordant treatment brought good result in color difference and dyeing fastness. 1. Compared with silk, wool and nylon, the dyeability of cotton was the worse. The color difference of cotton was 18.81 without mordants , and 24.05 with mordant. The dyeability of cotton was much increased by mordants such as potassiumdichromate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and salt water. The color of cotton was turned into yellow-green in potassium dichromate and yellow-green with deep green in copper sulfate. The mercerization and the chitosan treatment of cotton made the improvement in color, dyeability, laundering fastness, abrasion fastness. 2. The color difference of silk was 3 times as high as cotton. It showed the similar degree with the chitosan treated-cotton. That is to say, silk had good dyeability because it contains amino group and carboxyl group. The dyebility of silk was increased by a mordant such as iron sulfate, potassium dichromate and salt water, Drycleaning fastness showed 5 grade, abrasion-fastness was high over 4~5 grade and sunlight fastness showed 1 grade in all case. 3. The color difference of wool was the best among four fabrics because of 18 kinds of amino acids. It is considered that the sulfate of wool has the polarity and help metal- mordants get the better dyeability such as potassium dichromate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and aluminum chloride. The color was reddish-green in potassium dichromate, yellow.greenin iron sulfate and copper sulfate, and yellow in the rest mordants. Drycleaning fastness of wool showed over 4~5 grade, abrasion fastness 5 grade. Sunlight-fastness 1 grade. 4. The dyeability of nylon was almost same because of the similar molecular structure with silk. The clarity of color was poor. The color was yellow-green in copper sulfate and yellow in the rest mordants. Laundering fastness and abrasion-fastness of nylon was good. Sunlight- fastness represented 1 grade.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2016

연구는 부산 오륜대 한국순교자박물관에 소장되어있는 "국긔복소션"과 "법복졀복"의 직의(織衣) 즉, 표지직물 및 이를 보관하는 첩갑을 구성하고 있는 직물에 관한 분석적 연구이다. 본 유물은 조선 제24대 왕인 헌종(재위 1834~1849)의 후궁인 경빈 김씨(1831-1907)가 작성한 것으로 추정된다. 첩갑과 2권의 필첩의 표지는 모두 적외분광 분석 결과, 견직물에 의해 배첩이 되어있으며 첩갑의 표지는 화문직은단(花紋織銀緞)으로 되어있고 두 필첩의 겉표지는 초록색과 적색의 수자편복문단이다. 첩갑의 금속사 부분은 에너지분산형 분광분석으로 분석한 결과 은이 산화한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 염료분석 결과, 적색인 "법복졀복"의 표지직물에서는 berberine, brazilin, carthamin 등이 검출되어 황벽, 소목, 홍화 등에 의해 복합염색이 된 것으로 추정되며 첩갑의 색사들을 분석한 결과에서는 첩갑의 황색섬유에서 rutin이 검출되어 괴화에 의한 염색으로 추정된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.627-633
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• 1995

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.