• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2024

Background: As social distancing persists and interest in work-life balance grows, more companies are adopting flexible work policies. While there have been studies on sleep disorders associated with different types of work, such as shift work, research exploring the relationship between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders is still limited, particularly among Korean workers. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey, focusing on 31,243 paid workers out of a total of 50,538 participants. We defined flexible workers as those who set their own working hours. Sleep disorders were divided into three categories: 'difficulty falling asleep,' 'frequent waking during sleep,' and 'waking up feeling exhausted and fatigued.' Using scores derived from three specific symptoms, the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS) was calculated to assess the prevalence of insomnia. We used chi-square tests to analyze demographic and job-related differences. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify any relationship between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders. Results: Significant differences were found between flexible and non-flexible workers regarding age, income level, education level, and job type. Flexible workers reported sleep-related symptoms significantly more often. The odds ratio for insomnia was 1.40 (95% CI 1.21-1.61). For males, the odds ratio was 1.68 (1.36-2.08). Conclusion: This study establishes a correlation between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders among Korean salaried workers. Potential causes could include changes in circadian rhythm, increased work demands, and extended working hours. To precisely determine causality and associated diseases, further research is required.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify injury characteristics happened in the college dental laboratory technique classes and to provide the empirical accident findings for safety education development for the college dental technology classes. The research data were collected from a self-administered survey distributed to the conveniently selected college students. The study participants were 476 freshmen, sophomore and junior students whose major was the dental laboratory technology of the 4 colleges in 2 metropolitan cities and 2 medium-size cities. All collected survey responses were encoded and analyzed in SPSS 12.0. The findings were as follows. The accidents happened to the college students during the dental laboratory technology classes: 1. The accident rate was the highest in the sophomore and the freshmen, junior in order. 2. The body parts frequently injured were hands, face, eyes, arms, and legs in order. 3. The frequent injury types were cut, burnt, stuck, wound, and suffocated in order. 4. The treatment methods for their accidents were the simple first-aids, no treatment, and the emergency room visits in order. 5. The laboratory training conditions inducing the accidents were significantly frequent under wire-related, and wax-related, iron-related, alcohol-related jobs in order, but not frequent in investing material-related, porcelain-related, resin-related, and agar-related jobs. Polishing was the most accident-prone job explaining 63% of the laboratory accidents and then, model producing, wax patterning, casting, burning, and investing jobs in order. In summary, the college dental laboratory accidents had the certain patterns by the training level and by the material or machine involved in each class. Thus, the planned and organized safety education programs should be produced and investigated for college students before their major laboratory classes.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.517-523
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose were understanding the epidemiological characteristics of work related injuries of the farmer and establishing injury prevention and control activity. Background: Agriculture is one of the most hazardous industry and job in Korea. Method: We reviewed previous reports regarding the agricultural injury, injury prevention and control. Results: In the agricultural total injury, there were 45,342 hospitalized injury to farmers, injury rate was 35.8/1,000 farmers/years. Of these injuries, 52.6 percent were classed as work related injury. The farm-related injury rate was 17.5/1,000 farmers/years by analysis of Safety Aid System of Farm Workers. There were 2.4 times as incidence rate for farmers compared to non-farmers. Conclusion: Several strategies are available for injury prevention and control. They are as follows; social concern, survey of farm related injury, injury prevention, injury surveillance system and injury compensation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2016

The everyday life of police officers requires them to face a number of criminal acts and enter compromising crime scenes. In this case, officers may be compelled to make a personal expression of negative emotions. Negative emotions of members confidence for effective job processing and contributions duties and achievement of the job within the marine police force. Therefore, to control the emotive dissonance of organization members is a great help to the development of the organization. This study focuses on emotional dissonance among marine police officers to verify the impact of this dissonance on job burnout and consider the mediating effect of emotional intelligence. Research results are as follows: First, the relationship between emotional dissonance sub-factors and job burnout among marine police officers was studied. It was found that marine police did not feel emotionally jarred because they consciously tried to abstain from emotional engagement, but this was found to reduce emotional intelligence as related to desired emotions as well. Second, Emotional intelligence of the Marine Police was found on a significant impact on job burnout. Third, the impact of emotions in relation to emotional dissonance that job burnout of marine police intelligence officials confirmed that there is a statistically significant mediating effect. Finally, in a comparison of direct effects versus mediated effects, marine police were seen to be prone to emotional dissonance and experienced job burnout as a direct result of applying greater emotional intelligence.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2005

We analyzed the demographic and job features of 197 shipyard workers with work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) compensated by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, and the features of the disorders, the causes of operation and the induced behaviors. The three shipbuilding companies surveyed were located in Busan Metropolitan city and Gyungsangnam-do. The results were as follows. 1. The ages of WMSDs patients in shipyard were $43.6{\pm}8.6$ and the job tenure was $14.3{\pm}5.6$. The 40's of them was 40.1%, and the 30's was 29.4%. Patients less than 5 year-work duration were 85.3%, and ones more than 16 year-work duration 6.6%. In occupations, welders were 32.5%, pre-welders 17.3%, and setting engineers 6.6%. 2. The causes of WMSDs in shipyard were works(95.4%) and outer crash or accident shock (3.6%). Based on the standard of the NIOSH induced behaviors, the causes were awkward posture (62.9%), excessive movement(19.3%) and repetitive movement(13.7%). 3. The compensated WMSDs by body part was the highest, 36%, in the spines, 32.0% in both the upper limbs and the spines, and 14% in the upper limbs. The number of cases of WMSDs in body were 96 in the cervical, 79 in the lumbar and 72 in the shoulders. 4. As a result of chi-square test(${\chi}^2$) between diagnosis and operation in body, welding and spot welding had the most diagnoses in all parts of the body among other occupations. Chi-square test(${\chi}^2$) between diagnosis and induced behavior in body showed that awkward postures recorded the highest rate and repetitive movements was the second. 5. The most hazardous occupation was the welding(incidence rate=9.7) and the most hazardous behavior was the awkward posture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.289-297
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• 1997

Work-related low back pain(below LBP) is one of the major cause of morbidity, disability, limitation of activity and economic loss. Therefore the work-related LBP is one of the major issue in the field of industrial safety and health. This study was performed for detecting the risk factors and proposing the effective control programs of work-related LBP. The subjects were male workers employed at the welding and metal factory. The data was collected by self-reported questionnaire, interview and checking abdomen muscular and grasping power for two days on October, 1993. The contents of questionnaire were as follow: the experience of LBP, general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work and working environment. The number of cases was 104 with a history of work-related LBP, so the prevalence of work-related LBP was 35.0%, and the number of controls was 140 without any history of LBP. As a result, marital status, educational level, abdomen muscular power, tenure, category of job, satisfaction of job, working posture, satisfaction for table and chair and lifting materials showed a statistical significance between the case and control groups. 284 Lifting jobs were quantified by NIOSH lifting equation method and ergonomic computer modelling methods. There were no significant differences in the action limit and disc compression force between group with LBP and without LBP. But in the lifting frequency and cumulative disc compression force there were significant differences. Therefore work-related LBP should be prevented by the ergonomic and environmental control.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the level of knowledge, recognition, behavior of radiographic safety control and job stress in dental hygienists and to determine the relationship among variables. The subjects were 256(56.9%), who were worked in dental hospital and clinic with mean age of $29.59{\pm}7.30$. Data was collected using a self administrated questionnaire from April 4 to May 15, 2010. Behavior of radiographic safety control was measured using the 15-items and job stress was measured using the 5-items with 5-point likert scale. The data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Regarding job stress, the subjects was a mean of 2.63 out of a maximum 5 points. The level of knowledge, recognition, behavior of radiographic safety control a mean of 3.11, 4.08 and 3.43 out of a maximum 5 points. Recognition and behavior of radiographic safety control was negative related job stress in this study. Based on the findings, behavior of radiographic safety control is associated with job stress. These results suggest that various program should be considered for radiation safety control of dental hygienists.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to construct a job-exposure matrix for lead that accounts for industry and work processes within industries using a nationwide exposure database. Methods: We used the work environment measurement data (WEMD) of lead monitored nationwide from 2015 to 2016. Industrial hygienists standardized the work process codes in the database to 37 standard process and extracted key index words for each process. A total of 37 standardized process codes were allocated to each measurement based on an automated key word search based on the degree of agreement between the measurement information and the standard process index. Summary statistics, including the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and 95th percentile level (X95), was calculated according to industry, process, and industry process. Using statistical parameters of contrast and precision, we compared the similarity of exposure groups by industry, process, and industry process. Results: The exposure intensity of lead was estimated for 583 exposure groups combined with 128 industry and 35 process. The X95 value of the "casting" process of the "manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals" industry was 53.29 ㎍/m³, exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 50 ㎍/m³. Regardless of the limitation of the minimum number of samples in the exposure group, higher contrast was observed when the exposure groups were by industry process than by industry or process. Conclusion: We evaluated the exposure intensities of lead by combination of industry and process. The results will be helpful in determining more accurate information regarding exposure in lead-related epidemiological studies.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

Background: Correctional officers (COs) experience elevated rates of mental and physical ill-health as compared with other general industry and public safety occupations. The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic, mental health, job tenure, and work-family characteristics and their prospective association to burnout within and between jail officers during one year of new employment. Methods: In 2016, newly hired jail officers (N = 144) completed self-reported surveys across four time points in a one-year prospective study at a Midwestern United States urban jail. Linear mixed-effects and growth modeling examined how work-family conflict (W-FC) and depressive symptoms relate to perceptions of burnout over time. Results: Jail officer burnout increased and was related to rises in W-FC and depression symptoms. Within-person variance for W-FC (B_pooled = .52, p < .001) and depression symptoms (B_pooled = .06, p < .01) were significant predictors of burnout. Less time on the job remained a significant predictor of burnout across all analyses (B_pooled = .03, p < .001). Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that burnout increased during the first year of new employment; and increased W-FC, higher depression, and brief tenure were associated with burnout among jail COs. Future study of correctional workplace health is needed to identify tailored, multilevel interventions that address burnout and W-FC prevention and early intervention among COs.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.305-319
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• 2015

Among recent management innovation activities of hotel, one of the most important competitive advantage through customer satisfaction, and to which members of the organization's service orientation is essential. The hotel's service orientation is closely related to the organization's culture. In this study, the organization's service-oriented culture, the internal service quality, emotional commitment and continued commitment and ultimately affects the employee's influence on customer orientation will look at that. Results and implications of this study can be summarized as follows. the internal service quality among the factors corporeality, responsiveness and assurance, empathy, job satisfaction showed a significant influence on the type of empathy and emotional commitment castle had a significant impact on. With these results, relationships with colleagues within the organization, such as work environment and job satisfaction and emotional commitment, the atmosphere is very important to know that you can affect. Therefore, the members of the hotel to increase customer satisfaction and organizational commitment, corporate culture, business as well as collaboration with colleagues to share the emotional atmosphere of sympathy for the business environment will get improved.