• 기호학연구
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• no.57
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• pp.211-255
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• 2018

This paper attempts to "re-read" the webtoon Misaeng, which was once an important issue in the field of public discourse on "labor". Our hypothesis was that the dual actactial structure of Misaeng's hero Jang Geurae gave a dual structure to the entire text, which leads to the discovery of text meaning that was not mentioned in the existing discourse. This is based on the concept of 'meta-story character', which Hiroki Azuma talked in his postmodern literary theory. To verify this hypothesis we analyzed the text by applying the Parisian semiotics, more specifically J. Fontanille's theory. Jang Geurae is observed to be a actant of dual structure divided into 'character' of the enunciated level and 'player' of the enunciation level. Considering this characteristic of the hero, Misaeng can be interpreted as a metafiction that shows the 'shifting' between the subject of the enunciated level and the subject of the enunciation level. On the level of 'character' Jang's existence mode turns out to be "Deficiency (actualized)", but on the level of 'player' Jang 's existence mode turns out to be "Inanity(potentiallized)." His somatic responses also show a duality, which is represented by Fontanille's corps-actant model, where on the level of 'character' the somatic actant of Jang consists of 'Moi-chair(ego-flesh)' and 'Soi-idem(self-idem)', and on the level of 'player' it consists of 'Moi-chair(ego-flesh)' and 'Soi-ipse(self-ipse)'. The former mainly acts as a 'role' and takes charge of exteroceptive perception, while the latter mainly acts as 'attitude' and takes charge of interoceptive perception. Because of this dissociative nature of actant, Jang's two 'self' draw the re-adjustment of values without serious conflict between the collective norms and the individual identity. This is in sharp contrast with other characters who struggle with the conflict between the environment and "self". It becomes customary to adopt norms that are suspected to ineffective, but if you raise questions, the normative system can be updated. On one axis of Misaeng there are characters who have lost themselves in customs. On the other axis, there is Jang who can not help dismantling the existing ineffective norms and updating the normative system. Jang's existence mode seems to be one of many possible modes generated by this era where people share no longer solid community values, His actantial structure also communicates with readers of these days who put themselves more in subject of enunciation level than of enunciated level.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.615-624
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• 2013

In this study, the emission patterns of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) were investigated using four different types of food samples (boiled egg, milk, canned meat and strawberry) between fresh and decaying stages. To this end, the concentrations of RSCs were measured at storage days of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 under room temperature. Four sulfur compounds ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS and DMDS) were selected as target compounds along with two reference compounds ($CS_2$ and $SO_2$). Their concentrations were quantified using GC-PFPD equipped with thermal desorption (TD) system. The boiled egg showed the highest concentration of $H_2S$ (3,655 ppb) at D-1, while $CH_3SH$ reached its maximum value of 64.4~78.5 ppb after 3 days. In milk samples, concentration of $CH_3SH$, DMS, and DMDS went up to 487, 16.3, and 578 ppb, respectively with the progress of decay (D-9). In case of canned meat, concentration of $H_2S$ and $CH_3SH$ peaked in the beginning (D-0) such as 345 and 66.6 ppb. In case of strawberry, $CH_3SH$ and DMDS showed the maximum concentrations 135 and 50.5 ppb at D-1, respectively. The olfactometry dilution-to-threshold (D/T) ratio by air dilution sensory (ADS) test showed similar patterns when sum of odor intensity (SOI) was derived via conversion of odorant concentration data. The results of this study confirm that the time of strong RSC emissions is distinguished for each food type between fresh (e.g., strawberries) and decaying conditions (e.g., milk).

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2000

Si wafer direct bonding(SDB) technology is very attractive for both Si-on-insulator(SOI) electronic devices and MEMS applications. This paper presents on pre-bonding according to HF pre-treatment conditions in Si wafer direct bonding. The characteristics of bonded sample were measured under different bonding conditions of HF concentration and applied pressure. The bonding strength was evaluated by tensile strength method. A bond characteristic on the interface was analyzed by using FT-IR, and surface roughness according to HF concentration was analyzed by AFM. Si-F bonds on Si surface after HF pre-treatment are replaced by Si-OH during a DI water rinse. Consequently, hydrophobic wafer was bonded by hydrogen bonding of Si-OH$\cdots$(HOH$\cdots$HOH$\cdots$HOH)$\cdots$OH-Si. The pre-bonding strength depends on the HF pre-treatment condition before pre-bonding. (Min : $2.4kgf/cm^2{\sim}$Max : $14.9kgf/cm^2$)

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.103-103
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• 1999

CeO2 는 cubic 구조의 일종인 CeF2 구조를 가지며 격자 상수가 0.541nm로 Si의 격자 상수 0.543nm와 거의 비슷하여 Si과의 부정합도가 0.35%에 불과하여 CeO2를 Si 기판 위에 에피택셜하게 성장시킬 수 있는 가능성이 크다. 따라서 SOI(Silicon-On-Insulator) 구조의 실현을 위하여 Si 기판위에 CeO2를 에피택셜하게 성장시키려는 많은 노력이 있었다. 또한 CeO2 는 열 적으로 대단히 안정된 물질로서 금속/강유전체/반도체 전계효과 트랜지스터(MFSFET : metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor)에서 ferroelectric 박막과 Si 기판사이에 완충층으로 사용되어 강유전체의 구성 원자와 Si 원자들간의 상호 확산을 방지함으로써 경계면의 특성을 향상시기키 위해 사용된다. e-beam evaporation와 laser ablation에 의한 Si 기판 위의 CeO2 격자 성장에 관한 많은 보고서가 있다. 이 방법들은 대규모 생산 공정에서 사용하기 어려운 반면 RF-magnetron sputtering은 대규모 반도체 공정에 널리 쓰인다. Sputtering에 의한 Si 기판위의 CeO2 막의 성장에 관한 보고서의 수는 매우 적다. 이 논문에서는 Ce target을 사용한 reactive rf-magnetron sputtering에 의해 Si(100) 과 Si(111) 기판위에 성장된 CeO2 의 구조 및 전기적 특성을 보고하고자 한다. 주요한 증착 변수인 증착 power와 증착온도, Seed Layer Time이 성장막의 결정성에 미치는 영향을 XRD(X-Ray Diffractometry) 분석과 TED(Transmission Electron Diffration) 분석에 의해 연구하였고 CeO2 /Si 구조의 C-V(capacitance-voltage)특성을 분석함으로써 증차된 CeO2 막과 실리콘 기판과의 계면 특성을 연구하였다. CeO2 와 Si 사이의 계면을 TEM 측정에 의해 분석하였고, Ce와 O의 화학적 조성비를 RBS에 의해 측정하였다. Si(100) 기판위에 증착된 CeO2 는 $600^{\circ}C$ 낮은 증착률에서 seed layer를 하지 않은 조건에서 CeO2 (200) 방향으로 우선 성장하였으며, Si(111) 기판 위의 CeO2 박막은 40$0^{\circ}C$ 높은 증착률에서 seed layer를 2분이상 한 조건에서 CeO2 (111) 방향으로 우선 성장하였다. TEM 분석에서 CeO2 와 Si 기판사이에서 계면에서 얇은 SiO2층이 형성되었으며, TED 분석은 Si(100) 과 Si(111) 위에 증착한 CeO2 박막이 각각 우선 방향성을 가진 다결정임을 보여주었다. C-V 곡선에서 나타난 Hysteresis는 CeO2 박막과 Si 사이의 결함때문이라고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1621-1622
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• 2006

This paper presents the effect of driving waveform for piezoelectric bend mode inkjet printhead with optimized mechanical design. Experimental and theoretical studies on the applied driving waveform versus jetting characteristic s were performed. The inkjet head has been designed to maximize the droplet velocity, minimize voltage response of the actuator and optimize the firing frequency to eject ink droplet. The head design was carried out by using mechanical simulation. The printhead has been fabricated with Si(100) and SOI wafers by MEMS process and silicon direct bonding method. To investigate how performance of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator influences on droplet diameter and droplet velocity, the method of stroboscopy was used. Also we observed the movement characteristics of PZT actuator with LDV(Laser Doppler Vibrometer) system, oscilloscope and dynamic signal analyzer. Missing nozzles caused by bubbles in chamber were monitored by their resonance frequency. Using the water based ink of viscosity of 4.8 cps and surface tension of 0.025N/m, it is possible to eject stable droplets up to 20kHz, 4.4m/s and above 8pL at the different applied driving waveforms.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.2187-2193
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• 2002

We present a novel method for 3D microfabrication with LIGA process that utilizes a deep X-ray mask in which a micro-actuator is integrated. The integrated micro-actuator oscillates the X-ray absorber, which is formed on the shuttle mass of the micro-actuator, during X-ray exposures to modify the absorbed dose profile in X-ray resist, typically PMMA. 3D PMMA microstructures according to the modulated dose contour are revealed after GG development. An X-ray mask with integrated comb drive actuator is fabricated using deep reactive ion etching, absorber electroplating, and bulk micromachining with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. 1mm $\times$ 1 mm, 20 $\mu$m thick silicon shuttle mass as a mask blank is supported by four 1 mm long suspension beams and is driven by the comb electrodes. A 10 $\mu$m thick, 50 $\mu$m line and spaced gold absorber pattern is electroplated on the shuttle mass before the release step. The fundamental frequency and amplitude are around 3.6 kHz and 20 $\mu$m, respectively, for a do bias of 100 V and an ac bias of 20 $V_{p-p}$ (peak-peak). Fabricated PMMA microstructure shows 15.4 $\mu$m deep, S-shaped cross section in the case of 1.6 kJ $cm^{-3}$ surface dose and GG development at 35$^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.95
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• pp.29-57
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• 2011

Bergson's second work, matter and memory, shows a considerable change in his understanding of time's nature. There, time is no more something indivisible, the distinction of past and present being taken as it's essential feature. Bergson asserts that the past, by it's nature, is something that never ceases to be. His assertion of this immortality of the past leads many people to think that, for him, it's by virtue of the past that duration is possible. Deleuze, an excellent commentator of Bergson's thinking, constructs a really sophisticated argumentation to explain how this immortal ontological past makes possible the passage of time. But we think that the past, as well as the present, tends only to be spatialized, if it is left alone without the help of the future: the ontological past can not make possible time. We try to show how the future can save past and present from their inherent tendency of spatialization : it is by virtue of the future that time(duration) is possible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.409-409
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• 2012

최근 나노크기의 미세구조 가공기술이 발달함에 따라 다양한 응용을 위한 나노소재/구조가 활발히 연구 되고 있다[1]. 그 중에서 실리콘 나노선은 태양전지, 메모리, 트랜지스터 그리고 광 공진기에 쓰일 수 있는 소재로서 기존의 실리콘 가공기술을 바로 사용할 수 있을 뿐 아니라[2], 비용 면에서 탁월한 잇점이 있기 때문에 주목 받고 있는 소재이다. 실리콘 나노선의 물리적 특성을 연구하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되었지만, 매우 작은 크기와 높은 표면적-부피비율로 인해 생긴 독특한 특징을 완전히 이해하기에는 아직 부족한 점이 많다. 실리콘 나노선의 전류-전압특성에 영향을 미치는 요소는 도핑농도, 표면상태, 채널의 크기 등으로 다양한데, 이번 연구에서는 실리콘 나노선의 표면환경이 공기와 물 두 종류로 매질에 접하고 있을 경우에 대하여 각각 전류-전압을 측정하였다. 물이 공기와 다른 점은 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있다. 첫째로 물의 경우에는 물에 용해된 수소이온과의 화학반응을 통하여 실리콘 표면전하가 유도되며 pH 값에 민감하게 변화한다. 둘째로 물의 유전율은 공기의 80배로서 표면부근에서의 전기장분포가 많이 왜곡된다. 이를 위하여 SOI를 기반으로 채널길이 $5{\mu}s$, 두께 40 nm, 너비 100 nm인 실리콘 나노선을 일반적인 반도체공정을 사용하여 제작하였다. 나노선의 전기적 특성 실험은 Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (Agilent, 4155C)를 사용하여 전류-전압특성을 표면 상태를 변화시키면서 측정하였다. 실험을 통해 실리콘 나노선은 물과 공기 두 가지 표면환경에 따라 전류-전압특성이 확연히 변화하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 동일한 전압 바이어스에서 표면에 물이 있을 때가 공기 있을 때 보다 훨씬 증가한 전류를 얻을 수 있었고(3V에서 약 2배), 비선형적인 전류-전압특성이 나타남을 관찰하였다. 본 발표에서는 이러한 실험결과를 표면에서의 전하와 정전기적인 효과로서 정성적으로 설명하고, 전산모사결과와 비교분석 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

In this work, a two dimensional, self-consistent Poisson-$Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ solver has been implemented to study C-V characteristics in nanometer scale MuGFETs with considering quantum effects. The quantum-mechanical effects on gate-channel capacitance for different device dimension and gate configurations of nanometer scale MuGFETs have been analyzed. It has been found that 4he gate-channel capacitance per unit gate area is increased as the device dimension decreases. For different gate configurations, the gate-channel capacitance is decreased with increase of effective gate number. Those resu1ts have been explained by the distribution profile of electron concentration in the silicon surface and inversion capacitance. The length of inversion-layer centroid has been calculated from inversion capacitance with device dimension and gate configurations.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.95-109
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• 2014

In this study, the concentration of odorants released from albumin (EA) and yolk (EY) portions of boiled egg samples were determined as a function of storage time. The concentrations were measured at storage days of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 under room temperature. As such, odorants produced during both fresh and decay conditions were measured through time. A total of 19 compounds were selected as the main target odorants along with 12 reference compounds. GC-MS (for VOC) and GC-PFPD system (for sulfur gases) equipped with thermal desorption (TD) system were employed for odorant analysis in this work. The initial concentrations measured from the chamber system were converted into flux terms ($ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$). The EA showed the highest concentration of $H_2S$ (234 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$) at EA-0, and the concentrations of AT (Acetone) was also seen clearly in the range of 11.7 (EA-0) to 58.6 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ (EA-9). The EY showed similar patterns. EtAl (Ethyl alcohol) increased 9.47 (EA-1) to 96.7 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ (EA-9) in EA samples. Ketone, alcohol, sulfur groups generally exhibited high concentrations compared to other odorants. These data were also compared in relation to olfactometry related dilution-to-threshold (D/T) ratio by air dilution sensory (ADS) test and sum of odor intensity (SOI).