• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

Scan design is a structured design-for-testability technique in which flip-flops are re-designed so that the flip-flops are chained in shift registers. The scan design cannot be used in a design with scan design rule violations without modifying the design. The most important scan design rule is concerning clock and reset signals to pins of the flip-flops or scan cells. Clock and Reset pins of every scan cell must be controllable from top-level ports. We propose a new technique to re-design gated clocks and resets which violate the scan design rule concerning the clock and reset pins. This technique substitutes synchronous sequential circuits for gated clock and reset designs, which removes the clock and reset rule violations and improves fault coverage of the design. The fault coverage is improved from $90.48\%$ to $100.00\%$, from $92.31\%$ to $100.00\%$, from $95.45\%$ to $100.00\%$, from $97.50\%$ to $100.00\%$ in a design with gated clocks and resets.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.717-734
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to effectively detect violations that occur simultaneously against Good Manufacturing Practice, which were concealed by drug manufacturers. Methods: In this study, we present an analysis framework for analyzing regulatory violation patterns using Association Rule Mining (ARM), Text Mining, and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to increase the effectiveness of on-site inspection. Results: A number of simultaneous violation patterns was discovered by applying Association Rule Mining to FDA's inspection data collected from October 2008 to February 2022. Among them there were 'concurrent violation patterns' derived from similar regulatory ranges of two or more regulations. These patterns do not help to predict violations that simultaneously appear but belong to different regulations. Those unnecessary patterns were excluded by applying t-SNE based on text-mining. Conclusion: Our proposed approach enables the recognition of simultaneous violation patterns during the on-site inspection. It is expected to decrease the detection time by increasing the likelihood of finding intentionally concealed violations.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

To prevent safety hazards in dangerous working area, we have proposed an intelligent image analysis system. Six common patterns of safety violations of workers' are defined and its motion detection algorithms are developed for alarm to CCTV monitoring system. Developed algorithms are implemented at 195 dangerous areas such as chemical and gas treated room. The results of violated motion detection ratio by developed system shows 94.95% of true positive cases, and 0.21% of false positive cases from all 587,645 event cases in one month implementation period. In the period, it is observed that the number of safety rule violations and the following accidents are decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.147-167
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonnative expectations of anger, sadness, fear, and shame in Korean culture by analyzing the textbooks for children's education in the Chosen Dynasty period. The method of this study was document analysis and the materials for analysis were the following four textbooks for children's education that involved individual ethics in everyday life based on Confucianism： 'Dongmongsenspj, 'Gyukmongyogyulj, 'Myungsimbogamj, and 'Sohakj. The analysis was focused on the antecedent events, emotional consequences, and emotional regulations in the emotional processes of anger, sadness, fear, and shame. According to the analysis, anger was caused by ought violations, especially sociomoral violations, and the expression of anger brought about undesirable results, and the inhibition of anger was expected as the regulation rule. Also, many methods of regulating anger were encouraged in the textbooks. For example, one of the regulating methods was to appraise a situation in such a way that anger would not arise. in other hand, sadness was allowed to be expressed only at the death of parents, and the expression of sadness stood for filial piety. Meanwhile, the antecedents of fear were the events to threaten self-esteem, which was mainly focused on keeping moral and social standards. Also the social consequence of fear led to observance of the social norms, and thereby could gain social approval. Therefore, the regulation rule was the enhancement of fear because of anticipated advantageous effects. Finally, the main cause of shame arousal was negative evaluation of self caused by bad performance of ethical or social standards. Accordingly, having shame could prevent wrong behaviors or transgressions which might break interpersonal connectedness, and the regulation rule of shame was to enhance this because of contributing to collective relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and correlation between body composition, exercise performance, and behavior based on playing football in childhood. METHODS: 16 subjects who played football in childhood participated in the study. Body composition and exercise performance were measured, and problem behavior was assessed for each of them. All subjects were asked to play football 50 min/day, one day/week for 8-weeks. RESULTS: Muscle mass, muscular strength, balance, and cardiopulmonary endurance, anxiety depression, atrophy depression, attention problems, rule violations, DSM somatization problems, DSM rebellious behavior problems, and sociality significantly increased after 8-weeks. There was a negative (-) correlation between anxiety depression and atrophy depression, and DSM somatization problem and muscular strength, attention problem and balance, and rule violation and cardiopulmonary endurance, after playing football. CONCLUSION: These results confirmed that playing football in childhood had a positive effect on body composition, and that exercise performance and problem behavior were related.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.25-48
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• 1996

Mixed Model Assembly Lines (MMALs) are increasingly used to produce differentiated products on a single assembly line without work-in-process storage, Usually, a typical MMAL consists of a number of (1) stations doing exactly the same operation on every job, (2) stations involving operations with different choices, and (3) stations offering operations that are not performed on every job, or that are performed on every job but with many options. For stations of the first type there is no sequencing problem at all. However, for the second type a set-up cost is incurred each time the operation switches from one choice to another. At the third type of stations, different models, requring different amounts and choices of assembly work, creates an uneven flow of work along the line and variations in the work load at these stations. When a subsequence of jobs requires more work load than the station can handle, it is necessary to help the operations at the station or to complete the work elsewhere. Therefore, a schedule which minimize the sum of set-up cost and utility work cost is desired. So this study has developed Fixed Random Ordering Rule (FROR), Fixed Ascending Ordering Rule (FAOR), Fixed Descending Ordering Rule, and Extended NHR (ENHR). ENHR is to choose optimal color ordering of each batch with NHR, and to decide job sequence of the batch with it, too. As the result of experiments, ENHR was the best heuristic algorithm. NHR is a new heuristic rule in which only the minimum addition of violations from both partial sequence and unassigned sequence at every branch could be considered. And this is a heuristic sequencing rule for the third type of stations at MMAL. This study developed one more heuristic algorithm to test the performance of NHR, which is named as Practical Heuristic Rule (PHR).

• Strategy21
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• s.40
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• pp.131-143
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• 2016

On 12 July 2016, China's maritime claim to most of the South China Sea (SCS) based on the so-called nine-dash line was rejected by the Arbitral Tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning issues in the South China Sea including the legality of the so-called "nine-dashed line", the status of certain maritime features and their corresponding maritime entitlements, together with the lawfulness of certain actions by China which the Philppines, in a case brought in 2013, alleged were violations. As having the Tribunal determined that China's claim had no legal grounds in UNCLOS, thus undermining China's claims, and establishing that China has no exclusive legal rights to control the area roughly the size of India. There are some major implications from the Tribunal's ruling in the Arbitration award. These include implications on: how to delimit the maritime boundary in disputed waters, how to promote maritime confidence-building measures, how to safeguard maritime safety and security, and how to promote the rule of law in the SCS. Since its application of UNCLOS in East Asia, it has been obvious that the only way to resolve maritime disputes in the region is to build strong maritime cooperative partnerships under the auspices of the rule of law.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-103
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• 2015

Just how does one make sense of the genocide perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge during its rule in the 70's and the numerous human rights violations in the Philippines during the Marcos period? Like the conflicts that have marked human history at the close of the 20th century, Southeast Asia is no exception, similar to the many attempts to come to terms with the past and put to account wrongdoers worldwide. The paper is an attempt to historicize these two seemingly unrelated events and analyze them from the synoptic frameworks of transitional justice and reparations. Similar to the experiences faced by many societies transitioning towards democratic rule, notably in Latin America, the dilemma of whether to pursue justice or preserve the peace and the newfound status quo has characterized the length at which justice had eluded the victims in Cambodia and the Philippines. Yet, no matter what the limits are in pursuing accountability, or these so called historical injustices, closure is still achievable. The paper would like to argue that closure is possible when one, all or a combination of the following, depending on the gravity of the crime, is present-truth-telling, prosecution for the crimes committed, and a grant of compensation.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.451-460
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• 2018

Open source software is used in various ways when developing new softwares all around the world. It requires rights and responsibilities as a form of an open source software license. Because the license is a contract between original software developers of the open source software and users, we must follow it and extremely cautious to avoid copyright infringement. In particular, we must verify license compatibility when we develop new software using the existing open source softwares. However, license violation issues always occur and lead to lawsuits so that they are having an adverse effect on the open source software ecosystem. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method, OSLC-Vid, to identify license violations whether compatibility issues exist between open source softwares. The proposed method is verified by the experiments to detect actual license violation cases.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2019

Marine accidents and legal violations result from mistakes and negligences of ship officers, deck officers and engine officers, during the ship navigation and lay days. Due to these accidents and violations, these officers are subjected to disciplinary actions for certification. The disciplinary action, namely certificate punishment is carried out by right rules, processes and equity. However, it is revealed that present situations are different from the principles. For the purpose of finding current states relating to certificate punishment, this study examines and analyses 737 punishment cases, accomplished in 'B' regional office of oceans & fisheries for 5 years from 2014 to 2018. The contents to be analyzed are reprimand agencies, certificate kinds, officers ranks at that time, disciplinary level, violated acts, annual reprimand state, punishment rule and it process, and disciplinary reduction levels. From such valuations various problems, such as disciplinary level deviations among laws, insufficient punishments rules, disciplinary certificate deviation, insufficient reprimand reduction rules, and lack function of crew administrative disciplinary council, are identified. Finally, methods to alleviate the problems identified will be proposed. This study, for the first time analyses the actual administrative disciplinary cases for ship officers'certificates and proposes improvement plans for its incorporation in Korea, This analysis will be useful in the examination of the study for the ship officers and making a plan for them.