• 의료법학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2006

In recent years, as well as the other countries, medical dispute cases increase continuously in China. one of the reason that medical cases increase rapidly like this is after reformation and opening people's sense of independence, law and right come to be high, but a theoretical study about medical malpractice liability is insufficient and there is deficiency at legislation from 1986 civil law general rule is carried out in Chinese. but it is difficulty to deal with those more and more complicated medical dispute only according to the law above. so in 2001 The Chinese Supreme Court established the judicial construction about civil litigation evidence which regulated the shift of the burden of proof of medical malpractice and the relation of cause and effect from the plaintiffs to the defendants. in 2002 the State Council made out Incident of Malpractice Processing Rule. but many scholar pointed out the problem in it. on the other side, according to Chinese Contract Law parties could choose contractual or tort liability to prosecute. but because of the judicial construction above majority of people asked tort liability. of course there are some cases asking contractual liability. then this paper aim at analysis of the Chinese medical malpractice liability, especially of the problems about the subject of responsibility, burden of proof and scope of responsibility.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.213-238
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• 2006

Deferred payment letter of credit is the L/C that makes the issuing bank to pay a beneficiary at maturity stipulated in the credit. In this deferred payment letter of credit transaction, is it possible that a confirming or nominating bank payor negotiate before maturity? and the confirming or nominating bank have legal protection when paid or negotiated before maturity? These problems are raised in argument. By the way, Korea, Switzerland, Germany, and Italy are positive on the above question, but France, United Kingdom, and Singapore are negative. Therefore, when using deferred payment letter of credit, it is required to keep in mind that the understanding of maturity stipulated in the credit is different among countries, legal principles of each nations, and researchers. And other problems are raised also as follows; the application of Fraud Rule and principle of independence and abstraction as nature of credit, when to pay credit amount to beneficiary, and refusal of payment due to poor quality. Finally, it is required to use deferred payment letter of credit, after full understanding of deferred payment letter of credit pointed out in this paper.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.377-402
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• 2007

The paper presents quasi-static plane strain FE-simulations of strain localization in reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. The material was modeled with two different isotropic continuum crack models: an elasto-plastic and a damage one. In case of elasto-plasticity, linear Drucker-Prager criterion with a non-associated flow rule was defined in the compressive regime and a Rankine criterion with an associated flow rule was adopted in the tensile regime. In the case of a damage model, the degradation of the material due to micro-cracking was described with a single scalar damage parameter. To ensure the mesh-independence and to capture size effects, both criteria were enhanced in a softening regime by nonlocal terms. Thus, a characteristic length of micro-structure was included. The effect of a characteristic length, reinforcement ratio, bond-slip stiffness, fracture energy and beam size on strain localization was investigated. The numerical results with reinforced concrete beams were quantitatively compared with corresponding laboratory tests by Walraven (1978).

• 지능정보연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2007

웹 표준 언어인 XML에 기반한 각종 표준들을 바탕으로 소프트웨어 에이전트와의 인터페이스에 초점을 맞추고 있는 차세대 웹에서 소프트웨어 에이전트의 두뇌 역할을 수행하기 위한 추론엔진은 시맨틱 웹(Semantic Web)에서의 규칙 표현을 위한 언어인 SWRL(Semantic Web Rule Language)을 이해할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 SWRL을 규칙 표현 방법으로 사용하고, OWL을 사실 표현 방법으로 사용하는 정방향 추론엔진인 SMART-F(SeMantic web Agent Reasoning Tools-Forward chaining inference engine)을 개발하고자 한다. 전통적인 규칙 추론 분야에서는 정방향 추론을 위하여 if-then 형태의 규칙을 네트워크 구조로 변환하여 정방향 규칙 추론의 효율성을 높인 Rete 알고리즘이 많이 사용되고 있다. 이를 시맨틱 웹 환경에 적용하기 위하여 SWRL 기반 정방향 추론을 위한 요구 기능을 분석하고, Rete 알고리즘에 도출된 차세대 시맨틱 웹의 요구 기능을 반영한 정방향 추론 알고리즘을 설계하였다. 또한, 유비쿼터스 환경에서의 각종 플랫폼의 독립성과 이식성을 확보하고 기기간의 성능 차이를 극복할 수 있도록 사실 베이스 및 규칙 베이스의 관리도구와 정방향 추론 엔진 등을 Java 컴포넌트로 개발하였으며, 이는 이미 개발된 역방향 추론엔진인 SMART-B와 규칙 베이스 및 사실 베이스를 완벽하게 호환 가능하므로 차세대 웹 환경에서의 지식 활용을 극대화시킬 것이다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.203-239
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• 2015

이 연구는 문헌정보와 아카이브적 측면에서 학생독립운동의 지식정보자원관리에 대한 효율적인 자료수집, 자료해제, DB구축과 아카이브를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구는 학생독립운동과 지식정보자원 관련 문헌적 고찰과 일제식민지 치하 학생독립운동 시발과 그 운동과정에서 생성된 자료들의 유통과 이들 자료들이 어떻게 관리되고 있는지에 대한 실제적 조사로 이루어졌다. 이들은 운동과 투옥 그리고 재판의 과정에서 다양한 문헌정보를 생산했으며 이것을 기반으로 정보자원관리와 아카이브가 이루어지고 있다. 이 연구의 결과는 학생독립운동의 지식정보자원에 대한 가치와 역량을 나타내고 진일보한 학생독립운동 연구와 발전에 기여하게 될 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.807-810
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• 1997

Digital control of robot manipulator employs discrete-time robot models. It is important to explore effective discrete-time robot models and to analyze their properties in control system designs. This paper presents a new type discrete-time robot model. The model is derived by using trapezoid rule to approximate the convolution integral term, then eliminating nonlinear force terms from robot dynamical equations. The new model obtained has very simple structure, and owns the properties of independence to the nonlinear force terms. According to evaluation criteria, three aspects of the model properties: model accuracy, model validity range and model simplicity are examined and compared with commonly used discrete-time robot models. The validity of the proposed model and its advantages to control system designs are verified by simulation results.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.67-86
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• 1998

In this thesis, the Development of Station Buildigs Design during last a hundred years in Korea is analyzed. From the early time to today, several posts of Office of Korean National Railroads have controlled the Station Buildings Design by Standard Drawings. Sometimes, private architects joined in designing the Stations, that have the value as historic architecture. Under the Japanese imperialistic rule, Japanese Officer designed all of the stations ; that can be classified 1) wooden compromise style, 2) renaissance style, 3) northern European house style, 4) general station by standard drawing, 5) Korean house style. 6) modernism style. Especially, Korean house style was not planned to commemorate the old Korean Architecture, but to beguile the Japanese tourists' monotony of the journey in Korea. After the Independence, the Station Buildings are grouped into 1) international style, 2) modernism style with traditional details, 3) Station Complex Buildings. In the future, design of the Railroad Station Building needs to be diversified to satisfy tourists' emotion.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 1994

When independent individual measurements are taken both $S/c_4$ and $\bar{R}/d_2$ are unbiased estimators of the process standard deviation. However, with dependent data $\bar{R}/d_2$ is not an unbiased estimator of the process standard deviation. On the other hand $S/c_4$ is an asymptotic unbiased estimator. If there exists correlation in the data, positive(negative) correlation tends to increase(decrease) the ARL. The effect of using $\bar{R}/d_2$ is greater than $S/c_4$ if the assumption of independence is invalid. Supplementary runs rule shortens the ARL of X control charts dramatically in the presence of correlation in the data.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.385-404
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• 2009

The youth's rural rehabilitation movement started the crusade against illiteracy and poverty with all young educated elites including Whang Jongjin(a student of Yesan Public Agricultural High School) of the village, Shiryang-ri. Deoksan-myon. Yesan-gun. Among others, Patriot Youn(1908-1932) initiated the movement. The main projects of the agricultural extension were the Evening School(1926), Reading Club, the Woljin.Hoe(1929), Puheung.Won(1928), a Mutual Financing Association for Swine Farming, Sweet Potato Cultivation, Cooperative Planting, the Shuam.Sports Club and Consumer's Cooperative Society. The idea in Nongmindokbon (Famer's Text, 1927) is based on liberalism, equality, independence, a pioneer and cooperative spirit or realization of a physiocratical Utopia. Most references about Patriot Youn are concerned with his heroic deed in Shanghai, however the youth in Shinyang-Ri are typical agricultural extension workers or in other words, a forerunner of Saemaul Undong.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.3019-3021
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• 2000

In this paper. a new fuzzy modeling algorithm is proposed : it can express a given unknown system with a small number of fuzzy rules and be easily implemented. This method uses an independent array instead of a lattice form for a premise membership function. For the purpose of getting the initial value of fuzzy rules. the method uses the fuzzy c-means clustering method. To optimally tune the initial fuzzy rule. the DNA coding method is also utilized at same time. Box and Jenkins's gas furnace data is used to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.