• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2008

We constructed the null mutants of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe rsml gene that is thought to be involved in mRNA export. Though rsm1 gene is not essential for growth, the null mutant strain constructed by replacing the rsm1-coding region with an $kan^{r}$ gene showed growth retardation and mRNA export defects compared to wild type strain. We constructed double mutants which harbor rsm1 null allele and mutant allele of genes involved in mRNA export. The mex67 or npp106 null allele, when combined with rsm1 null allele, showed an additive effect on growth retardation and mRNA export defects. On the other hand, the thp1 null allele restored the defects of growth and mRNA export of rsm1 null mutant. These results suggest that rsm1 plays a role in mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.431-434
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• 2002

This paper presents an implementation of direct torque control(DTC) of Reluctance Synchronous Motor(RSM) with an efficiency optimization using the 32bit DSP TMS320C31. The influence of iron loss can not neglected as high speed and precision torque control of RSM, so the optimal current ration between torque current and exiting current analytically derived to drive RSM at maximum efficiency For RSM, torque dynamics can be maintained even with controlling the flux level because the generated torque is direct]y proportional to the stator current. The experimental results for an RSM are presented to validate the applicability of the proposed method. The developed control system is shown high efficiency features with 1.0Kw RSM having 2.57 ratio of d/q reluctance.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1711-1724
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the effects of different rapeseed meal substitution (RSM) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on growth performance, intestine morphology, and intestinal mucosa barrier of broilers. Methods: Four hundred and twenty Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang Chicken at 1 day of age with similar weight were chosen and were randomly assigned into 7 groups, consisting of 10 replicates per group and 6 broilers per replicate. Three groups were provided with diets separately containing 0%, 10%, and 20% RSM, and the other four groups were fed with diets separately supplemented with 0.5% and 1% Gln based on the inclusion of 10% and 20% RSM. At 21 and 42 days of age, 10 broilers per group were chosen to collect plasma and intestinal samples for further analysis. Results: The results showed that 10% RSM decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) of broilers at 21 days of age (p<0.05). Furthermore, both ADFI and ADG of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age were decreased by 20% RSM, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was increased (p<0.05). Besides, 10% RSM resulted in lower intestinal villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, deeper crypt depth (p<0.05), combined with the lower mRNA expressions of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in broilers at 21 days of age (p<0.05). Similar results were also observed in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age fed with 20% RSM. However, 1% Gln improved the growth performance of broilers fed with 10% and 20% RSM (p<0.05), ameliorated intestine morphology and elevated mRNA expressions of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the increasing inclusion of RSM resulted in more serious effects on broilers, however, 1.0% Gln could reverse the negative effects induced by the inclusion of RSM.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.404-410
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• 2020

In this study, the stability criteria of cosmeceuticals emulsion containing Flos Sophorae Immaturus extracts was established using the Box-Behnken design model (BBD-RSM). As optimization conditions of the emulsification using the BBD-RSM, the amount of surfactant and additive, and emulsification time and speed were used as quantitative factors while mean droplet size (MDS), viscosity and emulsion stability index (ESI) were used as reaction values. According to the result of BBD-RSM, optimum conditions for the emulsification were as follows; the emulsification time and speed of 17.8 min and 5505 rpm, respectively and amounts of the emulsifier and additive of 2.28 and 1.05 wt.%, respectively. Under these conditions, the MDS, viscosity, and ESI after 7 days from the reaction were estimated as 1875.5 nm, 1789.7 cP, and 93.8%, respectively. The average error value from our actual experiments for verifying the conclusions was below 5%, which is mainly due to the fact that the BBD-RSM was applied to the optimized cosmeceuticals emulsification.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2005

This paper presents an implementation of high performance control of a reluctance synchronous motor (RSM) using a neural network with a direct torque control. The equivalent circuit in a RSM, which considers iron losses, is theoretically analyzed. Also, the optimal current ratio between torque current and exiting current is analytically derived. In the case of a RSM, unlike an induction motor, torque dynamics can only be maintained by controlling the flux level because torque is directly proportional to the stator current. The neural network is used to efficiently drive the RSM. The TMS320C3l is employed as a control driver to implement complex control algorithms. The experimental results are presented to validate the applicability of the proposed method. The developed control system shows high efficiency and good dynamic response features for a 1.0 [kW] RSM having a 2.57 ratio of d/q.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2005

This paper presents an implementation of efficiency optimization of reluctance synchronous motor (RSM) using a neural network (NN) with a direct torque control (DTC). The equipment circuit considered with iron losses in RSM is analyzed theoretically, and the optimal current ratio between torque current and exiting current component are derived analytically. For the RSM driver, torque dynamic can be maintained with DTC using TMS320F2812 DSP Controller even with controlling the flux level because a torque is directly proportional to the stator current unlike induction motor. In order to drive RSM at maximum efficiency and good dynamics response, the Backpropagation Neural Network is adapted. The experimental results are presented to validate the applicability of the proposed method. The developed control system show high efficiency and good dynamic response features with 1.0 [kW] RSM having 2.57 inductance ratio of d/q.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW0.6/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP). Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW0.6/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)-25.24 (n = 8, R2 = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)-0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R2 = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable. Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.606-614
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• 2019

A mixing ratio of the oil in water (O/W) emulsion of palm oil and the non-ionic surfactant (Tween-Span type) possessing different hydrophile-lipophilie balance (HLB) values was evaluated in this work. An optimum condition was determined through analysis of main and interaction effects of each quantitative factor using central composite design model-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Quantitative factors used by CCD-RSM were an emulsification time, emulsification speed, HLB value and amount of surfactant. On the other hand, the reaction parameters were the viscosity and mean droplet size of O/W emersion. Optimized conditions obtained from CCD-RSM were the emulsification time of 12.7 min, emulsification speed of 5,551 rpm, HLB value of 8.0 and amount of surfactant of 5.7 wt.%. Ideal experimental results under the optimized experimental condition were the viscosity of 1,551 cP and mean droplet size of 432 nm which satisfy the targeted values. The average error value from our actual experiment for verifying the conclusions was below to 2.5%. Therefore, a high favorable level could be obtained when the CCD-RSM was applied to the optimized palm oil to water emulsification.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.235-243
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• 2017

A total of 112 crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of $27.98{\pm}1.28kg$ were used to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with rapeseed meal (RSM) as a source of protein on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs. The pigs were blocked and stratified based on BW into one of four dietary treatments in a 6-week trial. Each treatment consisted of 7 replicate pens with 4 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 2 gilts). Treatments were 1) maize-SBM based diet, 2) diet containing 2% RSM, 3) diet containing 4% RSM, and 4) diet containing 6% RSM. Supplementation with RSM resulted in no differences in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and noxious gas emission, as compared with SBM supplementation during the experimental period (p > 0.05). Pigs fed with increased dietary RSM (0, 2, 4, and 6% of feed) had linear decreases in average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.010) and nitrogen digestibility (p = 0.036) and a linear increase in blood creatinine concentration. In conclusion, RSM fed pigs had no detrimental effects on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal noxious gas emissions, as compared with SBM fed pigs. Thus, RSM is a good alternative to SBM as a protein source in growing pigs' diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase ($Natuphos^{(R)}$) supplementation in combination with carbohydrases (composed of enzymes targeted to soybean meal (SBM) dietary components such as $\alpha$-galactosides and galactomannans; $Endo-Power^{(R)}$) to corn-soybean meal based diet (CSD) and complex diet (CD) with a partial replacement of SBM with rape seed meal (RSM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 168 growing pigs averaging $13.18{\pm}1.77kg$ of initial body weight was arranged as a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with main effects of diet types (corn-SBM based diet (CSD) and complex diets (CD; 5% of SBM was replaced with 2.5% of RSM and 2.5% of CSM in diet for phase I (0 to 3 weeks) and 6% of SBM was replaced with 3% of RSM and 3% of CSM in diet for phase II (4 to 7 weeks))) and enzyme supplementation (none and 0.1% of phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% of carbohydrases). The diet with enzyme application were formulated to have a 0.18% unit lower aP than diets without enzyme application. Each treatment had three replicates with 14 pigs per replicate. To determine supplementation effect of phytase and carbohydrases on ileal amino acid digestibility of SBM, RSM and CSM, a total of 18 T-cannulated pigs (initial body weight; $13.52{\pm}1.24kg$) were assigned to six dietary treatments in the present study. Dietary treatments in metabolic trial included 1) SBM diet, 2) SBM diet+with enzymes (phytase (500 FTU/kg) and carbohydrases at 0.1%, respectively), 3) CSM diet, 4) CSM diet+enzymes, 5) RSM diet and 6) RSM diet+enzymes. During whole experimental period (0 to 7 wks), there was no difference in growth performance between diets (CSD and CD). However, dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved gain/feed ratio (G:F) of growing pigs. During the phase II (4-7 weeks), dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved all fecal nutrient digestibilities (Dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). Dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation improved significantly overall ileal amino acid digestibilities of SBM, RSM and CSM based diets (p<0.05). The simultaneous inclusion of phytase and carbohydrases in both of CSD and CD reduced feed cost per kg body weight gain (FCG). Also, results suggest that 2.5 to 3% of RSM and CSM, respectively, might be used as a protein source in growing pig diets without having an adverse effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility and simultaneous phytase and carbohydrases addition improves nutritional value of SBM, RSM and CSM by improving ileal amino acid digestibilities.