• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2019

Overuse of antibiotics has significantly contributed to an increase in microbial antibiotic resistance, causing difficulties in the suppression of microbe-borne infectious diseases. In this study, we determined the anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae effect in the kidneys of mice induced by peptides isolated from H. illucens larvae. Mice were intranasally infected with a high dose of K. pneumoniae and 1 day later, peptides were introduced through the intramuscular route. Mice were sacrificed on day 10 upon K. pneumoniae infection to determine the bacterial loads in the kidneys. Mice receiving peptide treatment demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial loads, reduced bodyweight loss, and higher survival in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. These results indicate that peptide isolated from H. illucens larva inhibits K. pneumoniae infection in the kidney. The peptide from H. illucens larva could be a potential candidate for the development of an effective antibacterial drug.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 2020

This study aims to develop new potential therapeutic moracin M prodrugs acting on lung inflammatory disorders. Potential moracin M prodrugs (KW01-KW07) were chemically synthesized to obtain potent orally active derivatives, and their pharmacological activities against lung inflammation were, for the first time, examined in vivo using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury model. In addition, the metabolism of KW02 was also investigated using microsomal stability test and pharmacokinetic study in rats. When orally administered, some of these compounds (30 mg/kg) showed higher inhibitory action against LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice compared to moracin M. Of them, 2-(3,5-bis((dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy)phenyl)benzofuran-6-yl acetate (KW02) showed potent and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the same animal model of lung inflammation at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg. This compound at 10 mg/kg also significantly reduced IL-1β concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the inflamed-lungs. KW02 was rapidly metabolized to 5-(6-hydroxybenzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-phenylene bis(dimethylcarbamate) (KW06) and moracin M when it was incubated with rat serum and liver microsome as expected. When KW02 was administered to rats via intravenous or oral route, KW06 was detected in the serum as a metabolite. Thus, it is concluded that KW02 has potent inhibitory action against LPS-induced lung inflammation. It could behave as a potential prodrug of moracin M to effectively treat lung inflammatory disorders.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.863-870
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• 1999

The catalytic performance of Co-Mn-Br system was performed in the 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene(DMN) oxidation at relatively mild reaction conditions such as $160^{\circ}C$ and $6kg/cm^2$. Experiments were conducted using a $2{\ell}$ batch reactor with varying the concentrations of catalysts. The reaction route of DMN oxidation was considered by measuring the concentration of intermediate species. As the intermediate species, 2-formyl-6-naphthoic acid, 2-methyl-6-naphthoic acid and 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylnaphthalene are found. It was found that the yield of 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid(NDA) is largely dependent on the Co and Br concentrations. In addition, it was observed that color-b was closely related with Mn concentration in this experimental range. The burning loss of solvent could be reduced by controlling the concentration of Mn and Br. Addition of small amount of Ce and Cu compounds led to increase the NDA yields and decrease the burning amount of solvent.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-306
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• 2016

An optimum route to synthesize Ti-Mo system powders is investigated by analyzing the effect of the heat treatment atmosphere on the formation of the reaction phase by dehydrogenation and hydrogen reduction of ball-milled $TiH_2-MoO_3$ powder mixtures. Homogeneous powder mixtures with refined particles are prepared by ball milling for 24 h. XRD analysis of the heat-treated powder in a hydrogen atmosphere shows $TiH_2$ and $MoO_3$ peaks in the initial powders as well as the peaks corresponding to the reaction phase species, such as $TiH_{0.7}$, TiO, $MoO_2$, Mo. In contrast, powder mixtures heated in an argon atmosphere are composed of Ti, TiO, Mo and $MoO_3$ phases. The formation of reaction phases dependent on the atmosphere is explained by the partial pressure of $H_2$ and the reaction temperature, based on thermodynamic considerations for the dehydrogenation reaction of $TiH_2$ and the reduction behavior of $MoO_3$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.656-662
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• 2016

Based on time dependent location data of mobile phone users, users' ODs were produced after tracing their travel route and inducing their origins and destinations. System considered average signalizing frequency, which means that the longer the travel length is the more frequent the signal is. This is a home-based OD and is limited to the Seoul Metropolitan area. The OD matrix from the mobile phone data which was aggregated to the cell and transformed to the 'Dong' area, was compared to the KTDB OD. The results can be analyzed and it was determined that they are highly correlated because individual coefficients are 0.98 and 0.85, the former between the OD of this study and the KTDB Si/Gun/Gu unit area OD and the latter between the OD of this study and the Dong unit area KTDB OD.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 1978

Plantaginis seed has been applied in Chinese medicine a as well as in folk remedy. It was advocated that Plantaginis S Semeη exerts good therapeutic effects as anti-inflammatory, antitussive, obstipant and diuretic agent in some cases of alimentary, respiratory a and renal disorders. This study was carried out in order to r re-evaluate the pharmacological action, especially the hypotensive a action of Plantaginis Semen and to elucidate the mechanism of its a action, making use of Plantaginis Semen methanol extract (PME), because its basic pharmacological action, i. e., hypotensive action is n not clear. 1) PME, when administered into intravenous route, elicited the h hypotensive response dependent on the dose of PME given to the rabbit anesthetized with urethane. 2) This hypotensive response of P PME was inhibited by atropine and potentiated by physostigmine, but not influ$\varepsilon$need by vagotomization. 3) Depressor effect of PME was blocked by chlorisondamine, phentolamine, and bethanicline, while not altered by cyproheptadine, diphenhydramine and propran¬olol. 4) The secondary pressor response after blocking the depressor e effect of PME by chlorisondamine was produced, but this pressor response was deminished by atropine. 5) PME augmented the pressor e effect of norepinephrine and angiotensin, on the other hand, reduced b blood pressure elevated by carotid occlusion reflex. 6) These observa¬t tions suggest that PME may induce the hypotensive response via dual mechanisms of parasympathomimetic and sympatholytic action, that the positions of this action are cholinergic peripheral site and sympathetic ganglia respectively, and that PME may possess the pressor activity caused by stimulation of "atropine-sensitive site" which seems to existsin the sympathetic ganglia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2002

${\beta}-lonone$ has been reported to induce the cytochrome P45O (P45O) 2B1 in rats. In this study, the effects of ${\beta}-ionone$ and an isomer, ${\alpha}-ionone$, on liver P45O IA and 2B expression in Sprague Dawley rats were investigated . Subcutaneous administration of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-lonone$ 72 and 48hr prior to sacrificing the animals induced the liver microsomal P45O 1A and 2B proteins. P45O 2Bl induction was associated with the accumulation of its corresponding mRNA. 1 Induction by ${\beta}-lonone$ was much higher than that by ${\alpha}-ionone$-ionone in both the mRNA and protein levels. When the route of administration was compared, P45O 2B was induced more strongly after oral administration compared to that after subcutaneous injection. A single oral dose of 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-lonone$ for 24 h induced P45O 2B1 -selective pentoxyresorufin Odepentylase activity comparably in a dose-dependent manner In addition, ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-lonone$ induced the P45O 1A and 2B proteins. These results suggest that ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-lonone$ might be potent P45O 2Bl inducers in rats, and that both ionones may be useful for examining the role of metabolic activation in chemical-induced toxicity where metabolic activation is required.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.3 s.70
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Each year, the coast of Busan is badly damaged, due to storm surge. The damages are greatly dependent upon the local peculiarities of the region in which the storm surge occurs. So, in order to prevent/reduce recurrence of the disaster due to the storm surge, it is very important to investigate the fluctuation characteristics of the storm surge height, related to the local peculiarities at each coastal area in which the occurrence of the disaster is expected. In this paper, using the numerical model, the storm surge was simulated to examine its fluctuation characteristics at the coast of Busan Typhoons of Sarah (5914), Thelma (8705) and Maemi (0314), which caused terrible damage to the coastal areas alongthe coast of Busan in the past, were taken as an object of the storm surge simulations. Moreover, the storm surge due to virtual typhoons, which were combined with the characteristics of each proposed typhoon (Maemi, Sarah, Thelma), compared to the travel routes of other typhoons, was predicted. As expected, the results revealed that the storm surge heights are enhanced at the coastal region with the concavity like a long-shaped bay. Also, the storm surge heights, due to each typhoon, were compared and discussed at major points along the coast of Busan, related to the local peculiarities, as well as the characteristics and the travel route of the typhoon.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2338-2356
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• 2019

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the name of technology, which uses 'mobile internet' to facilitate communication between vehicles. The aim is to ensure road safety and achieve secure communication. Therefore, the reliability of this type of networks is a serious concern. The reliability of VANET is dependent upon proper communication between vehicles within a given amount of time. Therefore a new formula is introduced, the terms of the new formula correspond 1 by 1 to a class special ST route (SRORT). The new formula terms are much lesser than the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. An algorithm for the Source-to-Terminal reliability was presented, the algorithm produced Source-to-Terminal reliability or computed a Source-to-Terminal reliability expression by calculating a class of special networks of the given network. Since the architecture of this class of networks which need to be computed was comparatively trivial, the performance of the new algorithm was superior to the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. Also, we introduce a mobility metric called universal speed factor (USF) which is the extension of the existing speed factor, that suppose same speed of all vehicles at every time. The USF describes an exact relation between the relative speed of consecutive vehicles and the headway distance. The connectivity of vehicles in different mobile situations is analyzed using USF i.e., slow mobility connectivity, static connectivity, and high mobility connectivity. It is observed that $p_c$ probability of connectivity is directly proportional to the mean speed ${\mu}_{\nu}$ till specified threshold ${\mu}_{\tau}$, and decreases after ${\mu}_{\tau}$. Finally, the congested network is connected strongly as compared to the sparse network as shown in the simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2018

In this study, a motion control problem for the vessels towed by tugboats or towing ships on the sea is considered. The towed vessel looks like the barge ship, which is used for many purposes. In these vessels, basically, the power propulsion system is not installed but just towed by a towing vessel such as tugboats with ropes and wires. It means that the motions of towed vessel are basically dependent on the tracking route of towing boat. Therefore, in some cases, undesirable and unpredictable motions may be made by environmental factors such as wave, wind attack and so on. As a result, a collision accident with others may occur during maneuvering situation. Based on these facts, the authors try to encourage the steering performance of the towed vessel by using controllable rudders without any propulsion system. In this study, especially, a controllable vessel with three rudders is considered, and a mathematical model is induced for the future study. The model is described as surge, sway motion and inertia moment by following the general representation method for the surface ship.