• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.87-120
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to identify the design characteristics of the multi-leveled chest(jang) which was the main furniture of the master bedrom(anbang) in the Chosun Dynasty. The major findings and conclusions were: 1. The front view of the multi-leveled chest were composed of a protruded top panel(kaepan), drawers, folded doors, sectional panels(chwibyok kan and morum kan) and base stand(madae) in general. Variety in the front view found more frequently in single level chests than bi- or tir-level chests. 2. The overall dimensions of each type of chest increased with increase in number of levels, but the height of the sectional parts decreased. That is, the overall proportion of the single level chests were 10 : 9, bi-level chests were 5 : 6, and tri-level chests were 2 : 3. The proportion of 1 : 1, 4 : 5, 1 : 3, 1 : 4, 1 : 5 were found often in the sectional parts such as drawers, doors, chwibyok kans and morum kans. 3. In general, the surface treatments were subtle. Carved or inlayed ornamentation were seldom seen, and most chess were finished with clear lacquer to show the natural wood grain. There were no distinctive characteristics of surface ornamentation characteristic of any one type of chest. 4. The general patterns of the metal ornaments were spade(yowidu), round, bow, rectangular(yakgua), bat and flower shapes. The multi-level chests were decorated with more metal ornament types compared with the single-level chests. 5. In conclusion, there was more variety in all the design elements in the single level chests compared with the other types of chests. The bi-and tri-level chests were quite stylized in composition, size, proportion, surface treatment, and metal ornamentation.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2011

This study is to suggest versatile chair designs that are organically shaped to take individual orientation. This study intends to provide design method to ensure the face of the chair that contacts the body of its user is transformed flexibly to support the body. The movement of human body is not just a behavior but the ways and tools that reflexively express against external stimuli that are sensed and identified by the person. The versatile chair whose users' sitting position is fixed is made by covering the lump form with a piece of cloth ensuring that the content is firmly fixed and by placing the beads-woven wood fabric according to the shape. And then, it is covered with the external cover. The proposed versatile chair designs assume specific forms as follows: First, it is a versatile chair whose user's sitting position can fix. The organically-shaped form that can accept varying postures is made as a mass, which changes into different shapes when human body touches the form so that users can lie down or sit. Due to such transformation, body posture is determined and individual differences in shape changing are all acceptable. Second, it is a versatile chair that reflects the user's position in a fixed chair, where a cloth-wrapper feature is applied to the form a sifit wrapped postures so that a variety of body postures can be accepted. Finally, a versatile chair that reflects the user's position by changing the shape of is covered with forms so that it will be transformed and used in accordance with situations and chair shapes and reflect multiple shapes including round or square ones.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

고조삽목후 삽수의 동아가 발아할 때 0.1~0.4% Colchicine 수용액을 4~5일간 적하하여 용천뽕의 동질4배체 2계통, 영변뽕의 동질4배체 1계통을 육성하였으며 주요 재배학적 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 봄철의 탈포기는 모품종보다 2일간 늦으나 발아후의 발육속도가 빨라서 5개엽기는 모품종과 동일한 중생뽕이었다. 2. 잎모양은 폭광형이고 잎자루는 길고 굵으며 잎두께는 모품종보다 17~33% 두껍고 1엽중은 무겁고 잎면적중은 21~31% 증가하고 엽록소함량은 11~33% 증가하여 우수한 엽질적 요소를 갖추었다. 3. 모품종보다 가지길이는 짧고 가지수도 적으며 마디사이길이는 같거나 약간 길어지며 굵어져서 가지의 구성요소는 다소 불량하였디. 4. 가지끝마름길이 비율로 나타낸 내동성은 4원뽕 23호, 24호는 용천뽕과 비슷하고 4원뽕25호는 영변뽕보다 강하였고 뽕나무 오갈병 발생율은 높았다. 5. 모품종보다 수량성은 낮고 신초엽량비율과 정엽량비율은 약간 높았다. 6. 4원뽕23호와 24호는 염성이 비교적 높아서 62%의 교잡성공율을 나타내었으나 4원뽕25호는 염성이 낮고 교잡성공률은 23.9%이었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2013

With the increase of visitors to rural tourism villages, the direct selling at sites is getting vitalized. Accordingly, their display stores is getting more important. Therefore, this study has selected 30 domestic rural tourism villages as study objects for the attitude survey of 200 farming suppliers and the site examination for the designs of those display stores in order to analyze their status and classify the types of necessity. Such operation status as sale item, sale method, method of supply and demand, major customer, sales scale, manager, opening hour, and operation cost were examined, to identity and for design factors the pattern, material quality and color were investigated. For the attitude of farming suppliers, the tactics of sales, the reason for being positive or negative, the functionality and the features of display stores were examined through brainstorming. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Program was employed for Frequency, which indicated that village chiefs and store managers with the sales scale of 1 to 20 million won are dealing with female customers in their 40's and 50's and that those stores are open at the time of experience or year round without any operation expense. Permanent type and Fixed type were found to be the design factors of the display-case type with the material and the color of wood and orange respectively. The result of investigation analysis of farming suppliers' attitude showed the followings: the need of display stores is quite high, structure type and permanent type have high fitness and from the viewpoint of display-on-table type as a standard moving type was very convenient. The analysis of significant items at the characteristics of those display stores revealed that their locations, quality conservation, sanitation, users' convenience, designs and promotion are very important. The result of status analysis revealed that though there is a correlation among the types of display stores depending on the visiting season of tourists their installing is not desirable. Three types have been analyzed: Type 1 is a structure type only in the villages with continuous visitors, Type 2 a moving-table type only in the villages with temporary visitors and Type 3 is a fixed display-case type.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

제강 환원슬래그(steelmaking reduction slag)를 출발물질로 사용하여 다양한 농도의 $H_2SO_4$, $NH_4NO_3$(0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1 M) 용액, 반응온도 $100^{\circ}C$와 $150^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 Ca 용출 및 탄산화 실험을 실시하였다. 양이온 용출과 탄산화 반응시간은 각각 2시간 및 1시간이었으며 탄산화 효율 증대를 위해 pH는 약 12로 조절하였고 $CO_2$의 부분압은 10 bar이었다. TG 분석결과로부터 탄산화율을 계산한 결과, $H_2SO_4$ 0.5 M과 반응온도 $150^{\circ}C$의 실험 조건에서 약 86%의 고정화율이 관찰되었으나 이 이상의 농도에서는 탄산화율은 급격히 감소하였다. 그러나 $NH_4NO_3$용액을 사용한 결과, 산의 농도가 증가함에 따라 탄산화율도 비례적으로 증가하여 1 M 농도에서 약 93%의 탄산화율이 관찰되었다. 따라서 제강 환원슬래그를 사용한 탄산화반응은 $H_2SO_4$보다는 $NH_4NO_3$용액을 사용할 경우 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. SEM 분석결과, 합성된 아라고나이트는 나무토막 형태(wood piece shape), 둥근형태(round shape), 꽃모양(flower shape)으로 관찰되었으며, 방해석은 결정면이 잘 발달된 능면체형(rhombohedral shape)의 전형적인 형태로 확인되었다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제19권
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• pp.53-68
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• 2018

서화의 장황(粧䌙) 형태 중 족자와 두루마리는 상·하 또는 좌·우 끝에 축목(軸木)과 축두(軸頭)를 장착하여 걸어서 감상하고, 말아서 보관하게 된다. 축목과 축두는 한·중·일 각각 다양한 용어와 재료를 사용하였다. 한국의 축목은 상하축횡목, 축두는 축두로 지칭하며 재료는 소나무, 잣나무, 산유자나무 등이 사용되었다. 중국은 축목을 축간, 축두는 축두라 지칭하며 삼나무, 홍목, 자단 등으로 제작되었다. 일본은 상축을 팔쌍, 팔장, 하축은 축목이라 하고 삼나무, 자단, 수정 등이 사용되었다. 한국의 축두 형태는 끝 단면의 문양에 따라 문양이 없는 무문과 문양이 있는 유문으로 크게 대별된다. 무문은 단면이 평평한 평두와 둥근 둔두로, 유문은 동심원형과 쌍원형, 삼원형으로 나뉜다. 특히 공신도상 3점이 평두의 동심원형으로 장서각에서 소장된 대다수의 교서와 형태가 같다. 그 결과 왕실에서 제작된 공신관련 장황에 사용된 축두가 대부분 평두의 동심원형이 사용되었음이 확인되었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1991

본 연구는 성형목탄가룬 목초액 및 양조식초가 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 실험사료는 옥수수-대두박을 주체로 한 대조(기초)사료(CON) 이외에, 대조사료의 탈지미강 대신으로 0.5％의 성형목탄가루를 대치한 사료(CPD), 성형목탄가루 사료에 목초액을 첨가한 사료(PWV) 및 성형목탄가루 사료에 양조식초를 첨가한 사료(PFA)이다 2회에 걸쳐서 산란이 제어된 113주령의 백색 레그흔 계통의 산란계에 대조사료를 급여하여 1주간 예비사육 한 뒤에, 12주 동안 상기 실험사료를 각각 급여하여 사육하였다. 실험사육기간을 통해서, 대조, CPD와 PWV사료의 섭취량은 비슷하였으나, PFA사료의 섭취량은 실험사육기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 난중은 대조에 비해서 실험사료를 급여하면 일반적으로 무거웠고, CPD를 급여한 것에서 대조사료에 비해서 유의하게 (P＜0.05) 무거웠다. 산란율은 대조, CPD 및 PWV사료를 급여하면 각각 75.9, 75.0 및 75.9％로 유사하였으나, PFA를 급여하면 유의하게 (P＜0.05) 낮아졌다. 그러나 산란일량은 대조, CPD및 PWV사료를 급여하면 각각 48.6, 49.9 및 49.5g이 되어 대조 에 비해서 CPD 및 PWV를 급여한 것에서 높아지는 경향이 있었고 이에 비해 PFA를 증여한 것에서는 유의하게 (P＜0.05) 낮아졌다. 사료효율(딴/사로)은 대조와 PWV사료의 0.480 및 0.478에 비해서 CPD를 급여하면 0.491로 높아지는 경향이, PFA에서 0.442로 낮아지는 경향이 있었으나 실험사료 사이에 유의차가 발견되지 않았다. 한편 연 파난율은 대조사료에 비해서 CPD와 PWV를 급여하면 각각 30％ 및 70％로 감소하였으나, PFA를 급여한 것에서는 대조사료의 2배 이상으로 증가하였다 난중 콜레스테롤함량에는 실험사료의 영향이 관찰되지 않았으나, 일당 난단백질 생합성량은 대조사료를 급여한 것에 비해서 CPD사료를 급여하면 유의하게(P＜0.05) 증가하였고, 난각의 두께 및 난각비율이 CPD사료를 급여한 것에서 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 본 성적은 성형목탄가루는 난생산성에 좋은 영향이 있다는 것을 나타내고 있었다

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1970

한국(韓國)에 산(產)하는 죽종(竹種)은 19종(種)이 분포(分布)되고 있으나 이중(中) 유용종(有用種)은 수종(樹種)에 불과(不過)하며 그 중(中)에서도 Phyllostachys속(屬)이 주(主)로 해태(海苔)의 생산원재(生產原材) 또는 죽세가공품(竹細加工品)의 재료(材料)로서 다각도(多角度)로 사용(使用)되고 있어 69년도(年度)에만도 전라(全羅) 남도(南道)에서 가공품(加工品)을 생산(生產)하여 10여국(餘國)에 2억(億)4백만(百萬)원의 외화(外貨)를 벌어 들였다. 동남아(東南亞)의 특산(特產)인 죽류(竹類)는 문화(文化)의 발달속도(發達速度)에 따라 가공품(加工品)의 생산기술(生產技術)이 향상(向上)되고 재료(材料)의 생산(生產)이 증가(增加)되면 국가(國家)의 산업발전(產業發展)에 도움이 되리라 믿어 본인(本人)은 원형(圓形)으로만 사용(使用)하던 죽(竹)을 사각(四角)으로 조성(造成)하여 거기에 아름다운 무늬를 삽입하여 죽세가공품(竹細加工品) 생산(生產)에 또는 건축(建築)에 있어서 실내(室內)장식등에 크게 사용(使用)될 수 있으리라 믿어 이 시험(試驗)에 착수(着手)하였든 바 그 결과(結果)로서 죽순(竹筍)의 목통직경(目通直經)은 클수록 성적(成積)이 좋아 직경(直經) 7.5cm는 72%의 성공율(成功率)을 나타냈으며(Fig. 5참조(參照)) 죽순(竹筍)의 길이는 30cm정도(程度)의 것이 100%의 사각죽(四角竹)이 완성(完成)되었다(Fig. 6참조(參照)). 고정(固定)되어가는 강도(强度)의 변화(變化)는 기일(期日)이 지날수록 강(强)하여져갔으며 우기(雨期)와 Lux의 차(差)에는 별지장(別支障)이 없었다(Fig. 7. 8참조(參照)). 임의(任意)로 죽재(竹材)를 생장당시(生長當時)에 구부리기 위(爲)한 굴곡시험(屈曲試驗)은 90도(度)까지는 구부릴 수 있었다.(Fig. 10) 약품처리(藥品處理)에 의(依)한 무늬삽입 시험에 있어서는 약품(藥品)의 종류(種類)와 배합방법(配合方法)(Table. 2)에 따라서 Fig. 12. 13. 14와 같이 무늬에 차이(差異)가 생겼으나 착색(着色)과 삽입에는 완전(完全)히 성공(成功)하였다. 이 결과(結果)에 따라 앞으로 사각죽(四角竹)을 다량생산(多量生產)하면 가공품제작(加工品製作)에 크게 이용(利用)되어 국가산업발전(國家產業發展)에 이바지 되리라 믿는다.