• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.275-282
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• 2002

Preference of food plants of wild birds was shown in the order of Pinus densiflora, Celtis sinensis, Celastrus orbiculatus, Rosa multiflora, Taxus cuspidata, and Euonymus japonica, etc. The wild birds preferred the animal food(92.2%) rather than the vegetable food(32.7%) in breeding season(May through June), but preferred both animal and vegetable foods in non-breeding season(November through December). The rates utilzing artficial nest were 77.5%, 50.3%, 44.1% and 42.2% in Nosan, Sanho, Chinju-castle and Bibong parks, respectively. The wild birds used more the 3cm hole than 5cm hole.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.513-521
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• 1994

Distribution patern of 30 species that are occurring predominantly in the mantle communities (Mantelgesellschaften) in South Korea was studied. The study was arried out by geographic and bioclimatic analysis on 368 releves obtained from the Zurich-Montpellier School's method, which involves direct analysis on the latitude, altitude, annual mean temperature and the lowest temperature of the site. Rosa multiflora and Pueraria thunbergiana which are regarded as repersentative pioneer species to the mantle community has the highest frequency, 70.1% and 60.3%, respectively. Three distribution patterns were recognized, i.e. northern type, central type and southern type, and each type was characterized by horizontal and altitudinal amplitude. Their concetrate distribution ranges on the annual mean temperature were 8~11℃, 9~12℃ and 10~13℃, respectively. It was recognized that tendencies of overlapping and continuous distribution pattern of the types and species exist. Geographically, the souther limit f the northern type is 35.5。N and the northern limit of the southern type 37.0。N. The central type is located at an coincided with the previous study in which cool-temperate forests were synchorologically indentified into northern/altimontane, certral/montane and southern/submontane type. The subsidiary knowledges from this study will provide practical information on the constructuin of the fence plant community for environmental conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

To compare basic information and to inspect impacts situations between 1987 and 1992, this study was executed in Chongnung valley of Mt. Puk'an. And to provide basic informations through the change of plant species diversity, some methods were applied and analyzed such as the degree of environmental impacts and belt-transect method. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In order to find environmental impacts by visitor, the degree of environmental impacts class that was proposed by Kwon(1991) was implicated. In 4 sites, total area of over impact class 2 is 86,692$m^2$ and area of impacts class 4-6 that is impossible to recover naturally is 36,856$m^2$. Totally, the impacted area was profounded qualitatively and quantitatively against 1987's. 2. In the vegetation change by visitor's impacts, species diversity was rapidly decreased as nearer the campsite and trail. And in the basal area and coverage, lower layer species was sensitively changed. Trampling-resistent species is as following; Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Staphylea bumalda, Clerdendron trichotomum, Stephanandra incisa, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Weigela subsessilis, Rosa multiflora, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lindera obtusiloba, Callicarpa japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Symplocos mongolica and so on. In the results of soil hardness test, that was decreased as far away from campsite and trail. 3. In the 4 sites selected in Chongnung valley of Puk'ansan Natioal Park, management plans was largely divided 4 category, such as trail improvement, facilities setting, ecotone vegetation establishment, and vegetation rehabilitation. And a suggestion was provided to each site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 1994

This study was surveyed the vegetation on the 2∼3 walls at 22 districts in Seoul to get basic data for wall planting in urban environment. The results were as follows: 1. 45 families, 90 genera and 113 species were grown on the walls in Seoul and woody wall plants were 30 species(26.5%) and herbaceous plants were 83 species(73.5%). 2. Of 30 woody species, evergreen species were 7(23.3%) and deciduous species were 23(76.7%). 3. Of 83 herbaceous species, annuals were 43(51.8%), biennials 12(14.5%), and perennials 28(33.7%). 4. Climbing wall plants were 28 species(24.8%). 5. 35 species(31.0%) were planted artificially and 78 species(69.0%) were self-grown plants. 6. Of 138 planted walls, 46 walls were covered with Parthenocissus tricuspidata(33.3%), 11 walls Forsythia koreana(8.0%), 9 walls Pharbitis nil(6.5%), 9 walls Wisteria floribunda(6.5%), and 8 walls Rosa multiflora var. platyphlla(5.8%). 7. In the comparison of native and exotic plants on the walls in Seoul, native species were 84(74.3%) and exotic were 29(25.7%).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1989

Seedlings of 6 tree species were treated with artificial acid rain and acid mist (pH 5.0, 4.0, 3.0) and ground water (pH 6.5), to select $SO_2$-resistant tree species. The growth variable, leaf injury rate and chlorophyll content were measured and compared among the various pH levels. Seedling height of Rosy multiflora decreased with deceasing pH levels of artificial acid rain and was tallest at control plot, but that of Ailanthus altissima was tallest at pH 5.0 plot. For the seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia, Magnolia obovata and Wistaria floribunda, top and root dry weights per seedling at pH 5.0 plot were higher than those at control plot. Leaf injury rate(injured leaf area and injured leaf rate) increased with decreasing pH levels of artificial acid rain, the changes of leaf chlorophyll content was slightly different among tree species. Leaf chlorophyll content of Rosa multiflora, measured during the period July to September, decreased with decreasing pH levels of artificial acid rain. Leaf chlorophyll content of Magnolia obovata increased on July, but decreased severely on September, with decreasing pH levels, of artificial acid rain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.41-55
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• 2011

This study was carried out to survey and analyze the transition of landscape plants on an apartment complexes in the 1990's and 2000's. The results are summarized as follows; The ratio of landscape area was increased from 30.0% to 34.7%. The number of trees per 100 square meter decreased from 22.5 to 15.7. The number of shrub per 10 square meter increased from 19.3 to 38.7. Species of Evergreen tree were increased 21 to 39. The species that a lot of use continuously were Pinus densiflora, Pinus strobus and Taxus cuspidata. The species that increase use were Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Pinus parviflora, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis and Thuja orientalis. The species that do not use were Cedrus deodara. Species of deciduous tree were increased 42 to 68. The species that a lot of use continuously were Zelkova serrata, Acer palmatum, Diospyros kaki, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus yedoensis. The species that increase use were Lagerstroemia indica, Chionanthus retusa, Cornus officinalis, Styrax japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus mume, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Acer triflorum, Prunus sargentii, Chaenomeles sinensis and Cornus kousa. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Malus spp., Ginkgo biloba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis, Platanus orientalis and Albizzia julibrissin. The species that do not use were Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia coreana. Species of shrub were incresed 39 to 65. The species that a lot of use continuously were Buxus koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Syringa dilatata and Euonymus japonica. The species that increase use were Rhododendron indicum, Ilex serrata, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Kerria japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Euonymus alatus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Nandina domestica, Cornus alba, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Prunus tomentosa, Deutzia parviflora and Pyracantha angustifolia. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Hibiscus syriacus, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Chaenomeles lagenaria and Rosa spp. The species that do not use were Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Jasminum nudiflorum and Sasa borealis.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2015

This study suggested the adaptable plant species according to the change of warmth index (WI) through the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 & 8.5 climate change scenarios from 2010 to 2099 in Seoul areas. From the scenario analysis results, we expected to change from the cool temperate souther forest zone to the warm temperate forest zone. We found the following adaptable 27 plant species: 6 species in the tree layer, Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Q. acutissima, Styrax japonica and P. thunbergii etc.; 7 species in the shrub layer, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhus trichocarpa, Callicarpa japonica, Rubus crataegifolius, Rosa multiflora, and Zanthoxylum piperitum etc.; 3 species in the herb layer, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, and Commelina communis ect;, 11 species in the vine plants Smilax china, Cocculus trilobus, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Lonicera japonica, Paederia scandens, Celastrus orbiculatus, Clematis apiifolia, Rubus parvifolius, Dioscorea batatas, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Zelkova serrata etc.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.195-214
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• 1998

The leaf persisting and seasonal leaf color characteristics of deciduous woody landscape plants were investigated through the field survey in Suwon region. The leaf period was about 270 days from March 20, 1992 when Prunus padus was leaf spreading to December 17, 1992 when Lonicera sempervirens was leaf falling. The plants of leaf period over 240 days were Elaegagnus umbellata var. coreana, Salix pseudo-lasiogyn, Ligustrum obtusi-folium, Rosa multiflora, Lonicera sempervirens and Clematis viticella. The woody landscape plants bearing the red leaf by KBS standard color number before fall foliage coloring were Prunus salicina, Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea', Acer platanoides 'Red King', Acer palmatum var. Pendula 'Crimson Queen', Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Nyssa sylvatica, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, and the yellow leaf, Berberis thunbergii Variegata 'Aurea', Physocarpus opulifolius 'Luteus', and Forsythia koreana 'Seoul Cold', Ligustrum X vicaryi which is variegation. The fall foliage color period was about 100 days from September 6, 1992 when Euonymus alatus was fall foliage coloring, to December 17, 1992 when Lonicera sempervirens was leaf falling. (Table 24) And in terms of color based on KBS standard color number, 60.7% of fall foliage were yellow, 37.4%, red, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2018

Flora investigations have been conducted by many researchers for a long time in Korea. Even though large amount of investigation data has been accumulated, there is no accurate statistics or database because most of data were published in a printed form. We developed a web-based database of flora investigation, named as the Integrated Korean Flora Database (http://www.floradb.net/) to understand distribution patterns and habitats of plants in Korea. Till now, 480 published paper, 356 thesis, 76 reports and books, and 8 unpublished papers written in between 1962 and 2017 were collected and their species lists from 280 papers were parsed into the database. From 124,105 records, 3,100 species belonging to 206 families and 965 genera were identified via comparing with two major Korean plant species lists. 55 endangered species, 159 endemic species, and 367 rare species were identified. The most frequently surveyed species were Commelina communis in herbaceous and Rosa multiflora in woody plants. Microclimate data provided by Korea Meteorological Administration were also integrated and analyzed to assign cold hardness zones for each species. By comparing minimum temperature (<2%) acquired from automated weather stations (AWS) near by plant species, 6a to 10b zones (7b is the most frequent zone) were identified. Integrated Korean Flora Database will be a fundamental platform of korea flora investigation as well as a new standard for classifying distribution of plants based on accurate microclimate data. Moreover, it can also provide evidences of investigated plant species, such as specimen and/or pictures with connecting to the InfoBoss Cyber Herbarium (http://herbarium.infoboss. co.kr/) and Biodiversity Observation Datbase (BODB; http://www.biodiversitydb.org/).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.578-585
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• 2020

This study was designed to assess the possibility of using medicinal plant extracts as β-lactamase inhibitors to control antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The susceptibilities of S. aureus ATCC 15564 (SA^WT), ciprofloxacininduced S. aureus ATCC 15564 (SA^CIP), oxacillin-induced S. aureus ATCC 15564 (SA^OXA), and clinically-isolated S. aureus CCARM 3008 (SA^CLI) to ampicillin were determined in the absence and presence of medicinal plant extracts, including Cleyera japonica (CJ), Carpinus laxiflora (CL), Euphorbia helioscopia (EH), Euscaphis japonica (EJ), Oenothera erythrosepala (OE), and Rosa multiflora (RM). The phenotypic change in the clear inhibition zones around ampicillin disc was observed for SA^WT, SA^CIP, and SA^OXA, indicating the production of ampicillinase. Compared to the controls, the MICs of ampicillin against SA^WT, SA^CIP, and SA^OXA were decreased from 4 to 0.5 ㎍/mL in the presence of CL, 16 to 4 ㎍/mL in the presence of RM, and 32 to 2 ㎍/mL in the presence of CL, EH, and RM, respectively. The medicinal plant extracts, OE, EJ, and CL, effectively inhibited the β-lactamase activities of SA^WT (78%), SA^CIP (57%), and SA^OXA (76%) when compared to the control. This results suggest that the medicinal plant extracts can be used as BLIs to control the antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.