• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2000

${\gamma}-Radiation$ at very low doses frequently has a stimulating or hormetic effect on the growth of organism. Effects of low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation on the root growth of soybean cultivars were investigated and hormetic effects by environmental conditions were compared with the occurrence of increased economic yield, seeds of cultivars were irradiated with the dose of $0.5{\sim}20Gy$ and cultivated in growth chamber controling temperature, humidity, light, greenhouse and field respectively. To understand hormetic effect on root growth of cultivars and the difference of hormetic effect by cultivation environment, harvested root of soybean cultivars were scanned with image file, and root surface area, root length, root average diameter etc. were examined by WinRhizo program. Also, dry weight of cultivars was examined. Root growth and dry weight of soybean cultivars showed apparently hormetic effect at cultivation of growth chamber condition. In field experiment executed for whole life cycle, yields of pea were not different significantly in each ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars but weight of one hundred peas increased in whole ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars. Increment of yield was assumed to be induced through shortening of maturing stage caused by ${\gamma}-ray$ hormesis in early growth stage.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1990

양액재배(養液栽培)는 토양(土壤)만큼 완충능력(緩衝能力)이 없기 때문에 양액(養液)에 대한 식물체(植物體)의 반응(反應)은 직접적(直接的)이고 민감(敏感)하다. 뿐만아니라 우리나라 계절(季節)은 여름에 고온(高溫)이 되고 겨울에 저온(低溫)이 되는 대륙성(大陸性) 기후(氣候)이기 때문에 양액재배(養液栽培)에서 근권환경(根圈環境)의 개선(改善)이 필요(必要)하다. 따라서 우리나라 기후 여건하에서 양액재배(養液栽培) 방법별(方法別) 근권환경(根圈環境)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 봄철 양액재배시(養液栽培時) 베드 온도하강(溫度下降)이 가장 빠른 재배방법(栽培方法)은 사경재배(砂耕栽培)였으며 온도하강(溫度下降)이 가장 완만(緩慢)한 재배방법(栽培方法)은 암면재배(岩綿栽培)였다. 고온기(高溫期)에 외부온도(外部溫度)의 영향이 적었던 양액재배 방법도 암면재배(岩綿栽培)였고 고온지속(高溫持續) 시간(時間)이 가장 긴 재배방법(栽培方法)은 NFT(Nutrient film technique)였다. 배양액(培養液)의 pH 및 EC 변화(變化)는 암면재배(岩綿栽培)와 분무경(噴霧耕)이 컸으며 다음으로 사경, NFT와 DFT(Deep flow technique)에서는 배출구 쪽으로 갈수록 점점 낮아지는 경향(傾向)을 보였으나 분무경(噴霧耕)은 위치별(位置別)로 차이(差異)가 없었다. 근활력(根活力)은 분무경(噴霧耕)에서 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 암면재배(岩綿栽培), NFT가 높았으며 DFT, 사경(砂耕), 훈탄재배(燻炭栽培)에서 낮았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

본 연구에서 33개월생 소나무 묘목을 대상으로 인위적 온난화 처리와 강수 조절에 의한 계절별 세근 생산량과 세근 고사율의 변화를 2년에 걸쳐 분석하였다. 온난화 처리는 적외선등을 이용하여 대조구 대비 대기온도가 $3.0^{\circ}C$ 높게 유지되도록 설정하였고, 강수 조절은 투명 판넬과 펌프를 이용하여 대조구(PC) 대비 30% 감소(PD) 또는 30% 증가(PI) 되도록 설정하였다. 온난화 처리는 세근 생산량 및 고사율에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주지 못하였고, 강수 조절은 세근 생산량($mm\;mm-2\;day^{-1}$)에만 유의한 영향을 주었다(PC: 3.57, PD: 4.59, PI: 3.02). 한편 온난화 처리 및 강수 조절과 계절간의 상호작용은 세근 생산량 및 고사율에 영향을 주지 못하였다. 그러나 온난화 처리 여부에 따라 토양 온도와 토양 수분이 각각 세근 생산량과 세근 고사율에 미치는 영향이 다르게 나타났다. 온난화 처리구는 세근 생산량의 계절적 변화가 주로 토양 온도에 영향(양의 상관관계)을 받았고, 세근 고사율은 주로 토양 수분의 영향(음의 상관관계)을 받았다. 반면에 온도 대조구에서는 세근 생산량은 주로 토양 수분의 영향(양의 상관관계)을 받았고, 세근 고사율은 토양 온도 및 수분과 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 온난화가 진행됨에 따라 세근 생산량과 세근 고사율에 영향을 주는 기후인자가 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.197-221
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• 1980

Habitat observation, cultural experience of old and present plantation, weather factors in relation to crop stand and water physiology of root and leaf were reviewed. According to habitat observation ginseng plants love water but plate wit talus well grow at drained place with high moisture content in air and soil while ginseng plants were not found in dry or wet place. According to cultivation experience ginseng plants require abundant water in nursery and main field but most old planters believe that ginseng plaints are draught-loving thus require little water. The experience that rain especially in summer i.e unfavorable might be due to mechanical damage of leaves arid leaf disease infection, or severe leaf fall which is caused by high air temperature and coinsided with rain. According to crop stand observation in relation to weather factors abunsant water increased each root weight but decreased total yield indicating tile increase of missing root rate. Rain in summer was unfavorable too. Though rain in June was favorable for high yield general experience that cloudy day and rain were unfavorable might be due to low light intensity under shade. Present leading planters also do loot consider the importance of water in main field. Water content is higher in top than in root and highest in central portion of root and in stem of top. For seedling the heavier the weight of root is tile higher the water content while it reveries from two years old. Water potential of intact root appeared to be -2.89 bar suggesting high sensitivity to water environment. Under water stress water content severly decreased only in leaf. Water content of leaf appeared to be 78% for optimum, below 72% for functional damage and 68% for perm anent wilting. Transpiration or curs Principally through stomata in lower side of leaf thus contribution of upper side transpiration decreased with the increase of intensity. Transpiration is greater in the leaves grown under high light intensity. Thus water content is lower with high light inte nsity under field condition indicating that light is probable cause of water stress in field. Transpiration reached maximum at 10K1ut The decrease of transpiration at higher temperature seems to be due to the decrease of stomata aperture caused by water stress. Severe decrease of photosynthesis under water stress seems to be principally due to functional damage which is not caused by high temperature and Partly due to poor CO2 supply. Water potential of leaf appeared to be -16.8 bar suggesting weakness in draught tolerance. Ginseng leaves absorb water under high humidity. Water free space of leaf disc is %mailer than that of soybean leaf and water uptake appears to be more than two steps.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2003

고온기 분식 칼랑코에 재배에 있어 문제는 고온 스트레서에 의한 생장의 억제로, 본 연구는 지하부 및 지상부의 생장을 촉진을 시킬 수 있다고 알려진 근권 생장촉진미생물(Pseudomonas sp. B와 Pseudomonas sp. D2)을 선발하여 사용하였으며 천연물로서는 alginoligosaccharide와 glucosamine oligosaccharide를 사용하였다. 또한 이들의 AG-용액과 단일 및 복합 처리하여 재배 온도차이를 부여한 경우 칼랑코에의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 상이한 지하부 온도조건은 25$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$ 및 35$^{\circ}C$로 처리하여, 2주후 초장, 엽장,엽폭, 엽면적, 엽중, 지상부 생체중, 근장, 근중을 조사하였다. 25$^{\circ}C$처리구에서는 초장, 엽면적, 엽중, 근중 모두 Pseudomonas sp. B와 glucosamine oligosaccharide를 혼합한 처리구가 가장 높았고, 30$^{\circ}C$의 경우 초장과 엽중은 glusosamine oligosaccharide처리에서, 엽면적과 근중은 Pseudomonas sp. D2와 algin-oligosaccharide를 처리구에서 가장 좋은 생장 효과를 나타내었다. 35$^{\circ}C$의 경우는 초장, 엽면적, 엽중, 근중 모두 Pseudomonas sp. B와 glucosamine oligosaccharide를 혼합한 처리구에서 효과가 컸다. 이상의 결과로 보아 고온기 칼랑코에의 분화 재배시 문제가 되는 생장억제현상은 천연제재와 미생물 제재를 혼합처리 함으로써 크게 개선시킬 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.771-777
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• 2007

Sliced and whole root of rehmannia were dehydrated in a laboratory dryer at 40, 60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the kinetic parameters for dehydration of rehmannia. The drying curves of both samples were characterized by a falling-rate drying period only. Sliced rehmannia dried 1.1 to 3.1 times faster than whole root of rehmannia depending on drying temperature. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of rehmannia samples at the drying temperature tested were 0.069-0.078 g water/g dry solid, which was coincided with the monolayer moisture content (0.06 and 0.07 g water/g dry solid) evaluated from desorption isotherms using GAB (Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer) model. A logarithmic model for thin layer drying was applied to evaluate the drying time to reach EMC ($t_{EMC}$) and drying constant (k). The effect of temperature on $1/t_{EMC}$ and k was described by the Arrhenius model with activation energy values of 32.56 and 47.14 kJ/mol determined using the former parameter, and 34.27 and 38.26 kJ/mol determined using the latter parameter for sliced and whole root of rehmannia, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1982

New shoot growth of Panax ginseng root was investigated comparing with burley and soybean from l0$^{\circ}C$ to 30$^{\circ}C$ under dark. Shoot growth ceased by 12days at 30$^{\circ}C$ and optimum temperature appeared to be 15$^{\circ}C$/20$^{\circ}C$ (15hrs/9 hrs) , and 15$^{\circ}C$/15$^{\circ}C$ for ginseng. Shoot growth seems to be Poor below l0$^{\circ}C$. Temperature for maximum growth 20$^{\circ}C$/20$^{\circ}C$ for barley and 20$^{\circ}C$ /25$^{\circ}C$ for soybean. Barley did not germinate above 25$^{\circ}C$/25$^{\circ}C$, but grow better than soybean below 15$^{\circ}C$/25$^{\circ}C$. Fresh weight of 2 weeks suggesting cessation of water uptake at higher temporal use. Ginseng showed greater root ply s shoot of ginseng was linearly increased at 15$^{\circ}C$ but did not increased at 25$^{\circ}C$ after occurence of die-back of new shoot or root rot above 25$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1995

Cylindvocarpon destmtalns isolate CY-92-01, pathogen of root-rot of Panax ginseng showed t the maximum mycelial growth on the Czapek solution agar among the thirteen kinds of media. Five isolates (Isolate CY-92-01, CY-92-03, CY-92-07, CY-94-01, CY-94-02) of C. destructan from various growth stages of p. ginseng recovered from several geographical sites also showed maximum growth in the Czapek-Dox broth compared with potato dextrose broth and V-8 juice broth. Rapid growth rate was maintained until 12 days after inoculation on the Czapek-Dox broth and mycelial weight was somewhat constant until 20 days. After 30 days of incubation, the mycelial weight began to decrease. The fungal growth occurred from 5$^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and optimum temperature for growth was 2$0^{\circ}C$. Mycelial weight orderly decreased at 15, 25, 10, and 5$^{\circ}C$. Quantitative measurement was impossible at 5$^{\circ}C$. No fungal growth was occurred at the temperature higher than 3$0^{\circ}C$. Growth was observed at all tested pH ranges from 2.8 to 8.0. Optimum pH for growth was 4.0~5.0 followed by pH 3.3~3.5 and 5.4~6.0. The least growth occurred at pH 2.8.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2008

This study compared the physicochemical properties of root hair of white ginseng (WG), root hair of tissue cultured mountain ginseng (MG), root hair of red ginseng (RG) and extruded ginseng samples. The comparison of crude ash and total sugar resulted insignificant differences between extruded and raw samples. MG had a higher content of crude ash, crude protein, amino acids and polyphenolic compound than WG and RG; the total sugar and reducing sugar were highest in RG. Crude fat and acidic polysaccharide in RG and WG were similar to and higher than MG. Crude saponin of treated samples WG1 (moisture content 25%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$) and WG3 (moisture content 35%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$) were 9.80% and 9.73%, respectively, which were the highest among ginseng samples. In conclusion, the extrusion process can be applied to red ginseng manufacturing, and some characteristics of MG were higher than in RG and WG.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2004

착색단고추 비닐하우스 토경재배시 품종별 온도조건에 따른 열과 발생원인을 구명코자 하였다 열과발생률은 품종간에는 Fiesta가 Jubilee보다 높았고 온도처리간에는 $34^{\circ}C$ 고온구에서 높았다. 그리고 환경조건이 좋아지는 4월 이후에 급격히 증가하였다. 과육특성 조사결과 Fiesta품종과 고온처리구에서 과육경도와 건물률이 낮았으나 과육두께는 경향이 일정치 않았다. 과육의 무기성분 함량은 품종간, 온도처리간에 차이가 없었다. 수확시 뿌리상태는 Fiesta품종이 Jubilee보다 좋았고, 온도처리간에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 과육의 경도, 건물률, 치밀도 및 뿌리상태 등이 열과발생에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 과육두께나 과육의 무기성분 함량등은 열과발생과 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다.