• Mycobiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the different effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECMF) species on the growth of seedlings of Pinus densiflora, and the effects of ECMF diversity on plant productivity. A total of five species of ECMF were isolated from root tips of pine seedlings collected from Mt. Songni and used as inocula. Pots containing pine seedlings were inoculated with either a single ECMF species or a mixture of five ECMF species. All of the seedlings formed ECM on their roots except for the control plants. The pine seedlings' growth responses varied by the different ECMF species. Also, pine seedlings inoculated with a mixture of five ECMF species showed the highest growth response. The results of the study suggest that the colonization of diverse species of ECMF will increase plant productivity, and the selection of suitable ECMF species could be an important factor for plant growth.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECM) in roots of Abies koreana which is an endemic and endangered species in Korea. Roots of A. koreana were collected at Mt. Halla. ECM root tips were classified using morphotyping and identified using sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the fungal rDNA. Total 8 species of ECM fungi were identified from roots of 11 seedlings of A. koreana : Cenococum geophilum, Russula brevipes, 2 species of Russula, 2 species of Thelephora, Cortinarius camphorates and 2 species of Helotiales. These species were known to be typical ectomycorrhizal fungi found in coniferous mature forests.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2015

Two fumonisin-nonproducing strains of Fusarium verticillioides and their fumonisin producing progenitors were tested for aggressiveness toward maize, sorghum, rice, and beetroot seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. None of the plants showed obvious disease symptoms after root dip inoculation. Fungal biomass was determined by species-specific real-time PCR. No significant (P = 0.05) differences in systemic colonization were detected between the wild type strains and mutants not producing fumonisins. F. verticillioides was not detected in any of the non-inoculated control plants. The fungus grew from roots to the first two internodes/leaves of maize, rice and beet regardless of fumonisin production. The systemic growth of F. verticillioides in sorghum was limited. The results showed that fumonisin production was not required for the infection of roots of maize, rice and beet by F. verticillioides.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2010

The status of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal colonization in Pinus thunbergii seedlings was investigated 2 years after planting in an eastern coastal area of Korea. We established three $10{\times}10$ m plots at a P. thunbergii plantation in Gangneung and sampled lateral roots from 10 seedlings in each plot. ECMs were classified into morphological groups and the number of root tips of each morphotype was counted. In total, 8 ECM morphotypes were observed and fungal species that form each morphotype were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rDNA. Suillus granulatus was the most abundant species (44.1-65.7% of relative abundance) in all plots, followed by Tomentella ellisii (14.0-37.8%) and unidentified fungus belonged to Atheliaceae (10.6-20.1%). These 3 fungal species accounted for almost all of the ECM abundance in each plot (94.9-99.8%). The remaining 5 fungal species were uncommon and rare. There was no clear difference in ECM fungal communities among plots. Community structure of ECM fungi in the young P. thunbergii plantation was simple and composed of fungal species that were also observed in mature coastal pine forests.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2010

We previously demonstrated that root colonization of the rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced expression of a galactinol synthase gene (CsGolS1), and resulting galactinol conferred induced systemic resistance (ISR) against fungal and bacterial pathogens in cucumber leaves. To examine the role of galactinol on ISR, drought or high salt stress, we obtained T-DNA insertion Arabidopsis mutants at the AtGolS1 gene, an ortholog of the CsGolS1 gene. The T-DNA insertion mutant compromised resistance induced by the O6 colonization against Erwinia carotovora. Pharmaceutical application of 0.5 - 5 mM galactinol on roots was sufficient to elicit ISR in wild-type Arabidopsis against infection with E. carotovora. The involvement of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling on the ISR was validated to detect increased expression of the indicator gene PDF1.2. The T-DNA insertion mutant also compromised tolerance by increasing galactinol content in the O6-colonized plant against drought or high salt stresses. Taken together, our results indicate that primed expression of the galactinol synthase gene AtGolS1in the O6-colonized plants can play a critical role in the ISR against infection with E. carotovora, and in the tolerance to drought or high salt stresses.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2005

The production of antibiotic substances by Serratia plymuthica A21-4 was greatly enhanced by modifying components of a growth medium. When the minimal medium containing $K_2HPO_4$ 0.7%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.2%, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 0.1%, $MgSO_4$ 0.01% was used as basal medium, the best carbon source for antibiotic production was glycerol and the most favorable nitrogen source was ammonium sulfate. The modified medium for antibiotic production also increased colonization ability of A21-4 on pepper root and in the rhizosphere soil. When the cells of A21-4 were suspended in modified medium, the population density of A21-4 on pepper root was 10-100 times higher than that suspended in 0.1 M $MgSO_4$. The population density of A21-4 on root did not decrease under $10^6$ cfu/groot up to 21 days after treatment although the inoculum of A21-4 was reduced to $10^7$ cell/ml. Similar tendency was also observed in the rhizosphere soil. Consequently, Phytophthora blight of pepper was successfully controlled by A21-4 with $10^7$ cell/ml suspended in the modified buffer solution instead of $10^9$ cfu/ml suspended in 0.1 M $MgSO_4$.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2017

In order to obtain promising rice growth-promoting microbial strains that can be used as substitutes for chemical fertilizers, 172 bacterial strains were isolated from rice roots grown in Korean and Russian soils. Out of them, the strains KR076, KR083, KR181 and RRj228 showed plant growth-promoting activities on maize seedlings. Bacillus megaterium KR076 and Bacillus sp. KR083 showed both nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting activities, while Rhizobium sp. KR181 and Pseudomonas sp. RRj228 appeared to support only plant growth-promotion, but not $N_2$ fixation. Especially, RRj228 showed high growth promoting activity at low concentrations. Inoculation studies with KR083 and RRj228 revealed a high affinity to the Japonica rice variety such as Junambyeo than the Korean Tongil type variety such as Arumbyeo. Both KR083 and RRj228 strains showed rhizoplane and/or endophytic colonization in Japonica and Tongil types rice when soaked with the bacterial suspension of $1.1{\times}10^5cfu\;ml^{-1}$ for six and twelve hours. However, the total bacterial cell numbers were higher in the roots of Japonica variety than in the Tongil type. In inoculation trials with Daesanbyeo rice variety, the seedlings inoculated with KR181 and RRj228 at the rate of $2.0{\times}10^6cfu\;ml^{-1}$ showed yield increment of 35% and 33% (p < 0.01), respectively, so that they contributed to the replacement of chemical fertilizer at half doses of N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ in pots. In Junambyeo rice seedlings, the strain RRj228, when inoculated with a cell suspension of $1.8{\times}10^6cfu\;ml^{-1}$, promoted 3.4% higher yield at 70% dose than at a full dose level of N $110kg\;ha^{-1}$ in field. These results suggest that the rhizobacteria KR181 and RRj228 are prospective strains for enhancing rice performance.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

본 시험은 염류의 종류와 처리함량에 따른 작물근권 생태계의 미생물상 변동과 근권정착성을 구명하고자 하였다. 토양처리 염류($KNO_3$, $K_2HPO_4$, KCl, $K_2SO_4$)의 염농도(EC)와 포자형성세균, 그람음성세균수는 부의 상관관계를 보였으며, $K_2HPO_4$, $K_2SO_4$보다 KCl, $KNO_3$ 처리구에서 균수가 급격히 감소하였다. 균형염 처리토양의 미생물 밀도는 탄소원 첨가의 경우 그람음성세균은 EC $0.5dS\;m^{-1}$, 포자형성균은 EC $2.1dS\;m^{-1}$, 사상균 및 Fusarium sp.은 EC $8.0dS\;m^{-1}$에서 최대의 균수를 보였다. 균형염 처리토양의 Bacteria/Fungi 율은 염농도가 높아질수록 현저히 감소하며 토양처리 10일 경과후 757~1571, 30일 경과 후 89~215로 현저하게 낮아졌다. 오이, 토마토 근권 미생물의 뿌리정착밀도는 토양의 염농도가 높아질수록 형광성 Pseudomonas sp.은 현저하게 감소하였으나 병원성 Fusarium sp.은 증가하였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

갈색퍼짐병은 한국잔디(Korean lawngrass)에 발병하는 병으로 골프장이나 재배지에서 심각하게 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 갈색퍼짐병 방제를 위하여 주로 화학적 방제에 의존하고 있으며 이는 토양, 수질, 생물다양성에 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 갈색퍼짐병 방제를 위하여 선발된 균주를 이용하여 균주의 근권정착 능력, 갈색퍼짐병 병원균 억제효과와 실제 골프장에 적용하여 병원균 밀도변화를 조사하였다. 실험실 내부에서 근권 정착력 평가를 통하여 선발된 S2, 5, 8과 12 균주의 근권정착 능력을 조사한 결과 4주차까지 $6log\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ 이상으로 생물적 방제 인자의 필수조건이라 할 수 있는 근권정착 능력이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. S2, 5, 8과 12 균주를 처리하여 병원균 밀도를 조사한 결과 S8 균주의 경우 1주차에 평균 0.7에서 4주차에는 1.2로 병원균 밀도 억제효과가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 갈색퍼짐병 방제효과 또한 S8 균주가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 갈색퍼짐병 방제효과가 가장 뛰어난 S8 균주를 이용하여 실제 골프장에서 갈색퍼짐병 병원균의 밀도 억제효과를 조사한 결과 S8 균주 처리구는 무처리구에 비하여 병원균의 밀도가 이쑤시개당 1.6 이상 낮게 검출되었으며 S8 균주 처리에 의하여 병원균 밀도 감소한 것으로 판단할 수 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2009

In this study, we characterized the bacterial strain KJ2C12 in relation with its biocontrol activity against Phytophthora capsici on pepper, and identified this strain using morphological, physiological, biochemical, fatty acid methyl ester, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Strain KJ2C12 significantly (P=0.05) reduced both final disease severity and areas under the disease progress curves of 5-week-old pepper plants inoculated with P. capsici compared to buffer-treated controls. As for the production of antibiotics, biofilms, biosurfactant, extracellular enzyme, HCN, and swarming activity, strain KJ2C12 produced an extracellular enzyme with protease activity, but no other productions or swarming activity. However, Escherichia coli produced weak biofilm only. Strain KJ2C12 could colonize pepper roots more effectively in a gnotobiotic system using sterile quartz sand compared to E. coli over 4 weeks after treatments. However, no bacterial populations were detected in 10 mM $MgSO_4$ buffer-treated controls. Strain KJ2C12 produced significantly higher microbial activity than the $MgSO_4$-treated control or E. coli over 4 weeks after treatments. Bacterial strain KJ2C12 was identified as Bacillus luciferensis based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as FAME and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. In addition, these results suggested that B. luciferensis strain KJ2C12 could reduce Phytophthora blight of pepper by protecting infection courts through enhanced effective root colonization with protease production and an increase of soil microbial activity.