• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2002

본 연구는 현재 수삼수납 시 품질검사요원의 관능검사로 판정되고 있는 6년근수삼의 적변판정에 대하여 영상분석기를 이용한 수삼의 적변 자동판정 시스템을 개발하고자 수행하였다. 영상분석기에 의한 수삼 총면적에 대한 grey valuequf 면적비율을 조사하여 이에 대한 회귀 및 판별분석을 실시한 결과, 정상삼과 적변삼을 구별할 수 있는 임계값은 총 면적에 대한 grey value 148에서의 면적비율(G148)로 분석되었으며, 임계값인 G(148)을 이용하여 다음과 같은 판별식을 구하였다. 적변삼의 판별식 : 6.67951$\times$G(148)+3.74122, 정상삼의 판별식 : 2.85942$\times$G(148)+9.95612, 본 판별식의 적중율은 89.8%로 이는 앞으로 계속적인 연구로 적변삼의 판정 적중율을 증가시킬 수 있을 것인 바, 컴퓨터 등 기계에 의한 적변 자동판정의 가능성은 매우 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.297-307
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• 1995

본 시험은 톨페스큐의 엽과 뿌리생장 및 탄수화물의 저장이동 양상과 관련하여 뿌리 생장부위의 횡적 해부구조 고찰을 통해 표피세포, 피층세포, 및 통도조직세포들의 횡적 신장과 이들 세포의 생리적 생장반응에 대한 질소효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 공시품종은 경당 수량성이 높은 HYT 품종과 경당 수량성이 낮은 LYT 품종이었으며, 이들은 잎과 뿌리신장 및 분얼성등 생리적 특성이 다른 품종이었다. 1. 뿌리 생장부위의 횡적 신장은 첨단 뿌리 생장점으로부터 약 1.0 mm이내에서 표피세포, 통도조직세포, 및 특히 피층세포에 의해 횡적신장이 이루어지며, 1.0mm이후에는 서서히 이루어지다가 3.0 mm 부위에서 제2차 횡적신장이 이루어졌다. 2. 뿌리의 제2차 횡적 신장은 주로 피층세포의 신장에 의해 이루어졌으며, HYT와 LYT품종간에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 질소수준간에는 차이를 보여 200 ppm N 수준에서 뿌리의 횡적신장이 뚜렷하였다. 3. 뿌리의 횡적 신장에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 피층세포의 경우, 뿌리 생장점으로부터 0.5 mm 이후 횡적 세포분열이 발견되지 않아 피층세포의 횡적 분열보다는 주로 횡적 신장에 의존됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 뿌리 생장점으로부터 3 mm 이후 피층세포들이 서로 합쳐져 큰 피층세포들을 생성되었는데, 6 mm 부위에서는 아주 큰 피층세포들이 외부층에 많이 생성되었다. 4. 통도조직세포의 경우 뿌리 생장점으로부터 1 mm부위까지 급격한 횡적 신장을 보였으며, 그 이후 3 mm까지는 감소하다가 다시 서서히 증가하였다. 뿌리 생장점으로부터 1mm 부위까지 급격한 횡적 신장시 품종과 질소수준간에 차이를 보여 HYT품종은 50 ppm N 수준에서, LYT품종은 200 ppm N 수준에서 높은 횡적 신장을 보였으나, 3 mm 이후에서는 두 품종 모두 200 ppm N 수준에서 넓은 통도조직세포를 가졌다. 5. 뿌리 생장점으로부터 약 6 mm부위까지 뿌리의 횡적 신장에 관여하는 세포들의 비율을 조사한 결과, 표피세포는 약 10∼18 %, 피층세포는 약 67∼79%, 그리고 통도조직세포는 약 10∼22 %가 뿌리 직경에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.366-378
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• 1998

Thermocondensation root canal filling technique have been used to fill accessary canals or to obtain homogeneous root caral fillings. But these thermocondensation technique inevitably produce heat in the canal which can be transmitted through the dentin and cementum and consequently damage periodontal ligamental cells and osteoblasts. In this study, System $B^{TM}$(Analytic technology, WA.D.S.A.) was used to evaluate the reaction of periodontal ligament tissue to "Continous Wave condensation technique" introduced by Buchanan, and the transmitted root surface temperature was measured according to measured root thicknesses. 12 Mandibular incisors of two adult dogs were used for the experiment. 6 controls were filled by lateral condensation technique with sealer.3 specimens were apically filled by Continuous Wave technique at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and remaining 3 specimens were additionally backfilled using System $B^{TM}$(Analytic technology, WA.D.S.A.) was used to evaluate the reaction of periodontal ligament tissue to "Continous Wave condensation technique" introduced by Buchanan, and the transmitted root surface temperature was measured according to measured root thicknesses. 12 Mandibular incisors of two adult dogs were used for the experiment. 6 controls were filled by lateral condensation technique with sealer.3 specimens were apically filled by Continuous Wave technique at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and remaining 3 specimens were additionally backfilled using System $B^{TM}$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds. Six weeks later, the dogs were sacrificed and the teeth stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histologic examination. 6 extracted human teeth were used to measure the transmitted temperature. After cutting off the crown, the canals were prepared and divided into 3 groups with root thickness of 1.5mm, 1.0mm, 0.5mm, 2 teeth in each group. Inside each root canal, System $B^{TM}$ was heated as with the temperature for the apically condensed and the back filled group, and the transmitted heat was measured on the external surface of the root. The temperature of System $B^{TM}$ heat spreader at $200^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ was also measured at root temperature. It can be concluded as follows: 1. In the thin area (200-$250{\mu}m$) of the root, root resorption could be seen even with heating at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds. 2. When the spreader was heated at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and additionally at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds for backfill, all teeth showed root resorption regardless of their root thickness. 3. The transmitted external root surface temperature was higher as the root thickness decreased and as the heating time increased. In the thermocompaction technique using System $B^{TM}$, the spreader should be heated for the minimal time and used only in the apical area. The heated spreader shouldn't inserted to the binding point of the canal and backfilling should be done with other means of minimally heated gutta percha technique.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2003

고온기 분식 칼랑코에 재배에 있어 문제는 고온 스트레서에 의한 생장의 억제로, 본 연구는 지하부 및 지상부의 생장을 촉진을 시킬 수 있다고 알려진 근권 생장촉진미생물(Pseudomonas sp. B와 Pseudomonas sp. D2)을 선발하여 사용하였으며 천연물로서는 alginoligosaccharide와 glucosamine oligosaccharide를 사용하였다. 또한 이들의 AG-용액과 단일 및 복합 처리하여 재배 온도차이를 부여한 경우 칼랑코에의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 상이한 지하부 온도조건은 25$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$ 및 35$^{\circ}C$로 처리하여, 2주후 초장, 엽장,엽폭, 엽면적, 엽중, 지상부 생체중, 근장, 근중을 조사하였다. 25$^{\circ}C$처리구에서는 초장, 엽면적, 엽중, 근중 모두 Pseudomonas sp. B와 glucosamine oligosaccharide를 혼합한 처리구가 가장 높았고, 30$^{\circ}C$의 경우 초장과 엽중은 glusosamine oligosaccharide처리에서, 엽면적과 근중은 Pseudomonas sp. D2와 algin-oligosaccharide를 처리구에서 가장 좋은 생장 효과를 나타내었다. 35$^{\circ}C$의 경우는 초장, 엽면적, 엽중, 근중 모두 Pseudomonas sp. B와 glucosamine oligosaccharide를 혼합한 처리구에서 효과가 컸다. 이상의 결과로 보아 고온기 칼랑코에의 분화 재배시 문제가 되는 생장억제현상은 천연제재와 미생물 제재를 혼합처리 함으로써 크게 개선시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

The subsurface environment of the root zone area can set the stae for "do or die" of the turfgrass plant. The good condition of the greens is verified by their physical properties. Therefore, this study was carried to evaluate on the existing green of Hwasan C.C. by undisturbed soil Core Anaysis. We completed the ISTRC SYSTEM BenchMarking of the undisturbed core samples taken from Green #1, Green #5, Green #9-"Best" area, and Green #9-"Stressed" area for the Hwasan C.C.. It was also our understanding that the greens were in "good" to "very good" conditioni. THe exception might be Green #9-"Stress" area, which was the stressed area. The stressed area was confined to a ridge across Green #9. The organic content test results comfirmed the development of organic layering in depth 0-2.5cm. For the amount of compaction in the upper root zones and te development of the green's respective organic layers, the infiltration rates were high in Green #1, Green #5, and Green #9 "Stressed" area. The depicted aerificaton hole might be the probable cause of the relatively high infiltraton rate. Green #9-"Best" area had a tested infiltration rate of 18.75cm/hr. Either this area had not been aerified, or the undisturbed sample did not contain a aerification cavity. The water retention capacity of the undisturbed samples was good. When the greens were first constructed, the original root zone mix had been relatively low water retention properties. And the bulk density and the porosity of the undisturbed samples were good. In the result, all the greens were similar except for the infiltration. Thus, we supposed that Green #9-"Stressed" area might be ainly influenced by the amount of irrigation water and the configuration of the green's surface. There had been a reduction in the amount of irrigation water as the water retention capacity in the greens was promoted. Especially, it had gradually become more of a problem as the green had matured in Green #9-"Stressed" area. Because Green #9-"Stressed" area was a ridge area. The reduction in the amount of irrigation water might be the probable cause of the stress in Green #9-"Stressed" area. Our final observation related to the soil texture and the particle size distribution of the sand. Though and sand contant of all the tested greens were good, the gravel content of them exceeded ISTRC Guidelines. In particle size distribution of the sand, the very coarse and the coarse content of all the tested greens exceeded, but the rest was insufficient. The stability is a function of the material retained on the 0.25mm mesh screen. But, the content of all the tested greens was very insufficient. Though all the greens was serviceable, the coarse root zone sands, such as the sand in the tested greens, tended to be "unstable". Thus, we recommend using a topdressing/aerification sand which should be more in line with ISTRC/USGA Guidelines.;unstable". Thus, we recommend using a topdressing/aerification sand which should be more in line with ISTRC/USGA Guidelines.ines.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권2호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라 남부지방의 주요 조림수종인 편백(Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) 노지묘와 용기묘의 생육단계별 생장특성을 탐구하고자 수행되었다. 1년생 노지묘의 간장생장은 용적이 31.2 mL와 300 mL 용기에서 생장한 용기묘 보다 좋았으며, 근원경 생장은 300 mL 용기의 용기묘가 가장 좋았다. 2년생 노지묘는 300 mL 용기의 용기묘보다 간장 및 근원경생장이 양호한 것으로 조사되었다. 건물생산량 비교에서, 1년생 지상부는 32 mL 용기묘가, 지하부 및 전체 건물생산량은 300 mL 용기묘가 가장 높았다. 2년생의 경우는 지상부는 노지묘가, 지하부는 용기묘의 건물생산량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 뿌리전체길이, 뿌리투영단면적, 뿌리표면적, 뿌리평균직경, 뿌리부피 등 묘목의 뿌리형태 특성 비교에서, 1, 2년생 용기묘 모두 뿌리평균직경을 제외하고는 노지묘보다 더 높은 생장을 보였다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 편백 묘목생산과정에서 용기묘가 노지묘에 비해 상대적으로 뿌리발달이 뛰어난 묘목으로 생장한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제19권7호통권146호
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• pp.625-634
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• 1981

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the root surface changes was carried out in advanced periodontal disease. The results obtained were summerized as follow; 1. The root surface of cementoenamel junction of healthy root showed smooth surface, while the root surface of diseased state showed covering of deposits which regareded as a course of calcification. 2. At the mid-portion of the root, the regular cemental projection were observed on the healthy root surface and on the root surface of diseased state, cemental projection showed relatively irregular pattern. 3. On the root surface which consist of wall of periodontal pocket, there were various deposits which could be considered as subgingival calculus, bacterial plaque and epithelial attachment remnant. 4. The bottom area of the pathologic pocket, tearing altered collagen fibers were seen on the root surface. 5. At the apical portion of root surface, calcified fibers ran parallel to the root surface in healthy tooth and the fiber bundles of periodontal ligament were seen in the diseased state.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.564-576
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser treatment on removal of smear layer and exposure of dentinal tubules. The experimental specimens were obtained from root planed surface of 30 human teeth which were extracted due to severe periodontal disease. The specimens were assigned randomly of three groups: root planed group, Tetracycline HCl(100mg/ml, 5min) group, and Nd:YAG laser ($Laser-35^{TM}$, U.S.A. 5 seconds )group. Nd:YAG laser group was divided into 4 subgroups according to 3.0W, 3.5W, 4.0W, 4.5W of power. The surface change of specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The number of exposed dentinal tubules and percentage of area occupied by dentinal tubule orifices per unit area between each group was statistically analyzed by paired Student t-test. The results were as follows: 1. By root planing only, dentinal tubule was not exposed, but scale-like smear layer and parallel instrument tracks were resulted. 2. Tetracycline HCl treated surfaces exhibited the small number of partially exposed dentinal tubules with long orifices. The number($3.80{\pm}0.79$) of exposed dentinal tubules on Tetracycline HCl group was significantly less than that in laser groups above 3.5W of power(P<0.001), and the percentage ($0.68{\pm}0.19$) of area occufied by dentinal tubule orifices per unit area($192\;{\mu}m^2$) was significantly lower than that of any laser group(P<0.001). 3. The laser group irradiated with 4.5W of power showed both the most number($10.60{\pm}0.97$) of exposed dentinal tubules among the experimental groups, and the highest percentage($3.75{\pm}0.55\;%$) of area occupied by dentinal tubule orifices. 4. Energy Surge during laser pulsing and overlapping passes of the fiber resulted in melted and resolidified surface textures with lava-like appearance.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the distributional relationship between dental roots and the mandibular bone on single mandibular bone fractures, which are common craniofacial fractures. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study in Seoul, Korea. Patients with single mandibular fractures in the symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and angle area, with tooth structure involvement were included. The control group included patients with simple, bone-level lacerations without fractures. In total, 94 patients (72 males and 22 females) were included in the treatment group, and 125 (71 males and 54 females) were included in the control group. The height of the mandibular bone and the dental root were measured with panoramic radiography. The central incisor represented the symphysis area, the canine represented the parasymphysis area, the first molar represented the body area, and the second molar represented the angle area. Results: In the treatment group, symphysis fractures occurred in 16 patients (17%), parasymphysis fractures in 36 patients (38%), body fractures in 17 patients (18%), and angle fractures in 25 patients (27%). The ratios of the dental roots to the total height of the mandibular bone in the treatment group were 30.35%, 39.75%, 39.53%, and 36.27% for symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and angle areas, respectively, whereas in the control group, they were 27.73%, 39.70%, 36.76%, and 35.48%. The ratios of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The results show that the higher ratio of the dental root to the height of the mandibular bone increases the fracture risk.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2000

Recently, some authors reported that discogenic low back pain should be regarded as a referred pain in respect of neural pathway. The afferent pathways of discogenic low back pain is transmitted mainly by sympathetic afferent fibres from the sinuvertebral nerves in the second lumbar nerve root. This pain arises from the lumbar intervertebral discs, and it had been transmitted mainly through the sympathetic afferent fibres contained in the second lumbar spinal nerve root. Second lumbar dermatome corresponds to the low back area. We experienced a case of low back pain which could not be controlled by conventional therapy and progressed wax and wane. The CT finding showed bulging disc between $L_4$ and $L_5$ and spinal stenosis in $L_4$ area. And epiduroscopic feature showed severe adhesion in $L_4$, $L_5$ and $S_1$. After we blocked $L_2$ root, pain score decreased 10 to 2. Therefore, the $L_2$ root block may be a useful diagnostic procedure as well as provide therapeutic value.