• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.368-386
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• 1994

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the diversity and embellishment of American Indian clothing and relationship between culture and clothing in American Indian Culture Areas. After the introduction of European material culture, change in American Indian clothing was conducted. The result of the Study as follows: 1. The most influential factors affecting the diversity of American Indian clothing were environmental factors. Climates and geographical features, Raw material were reflected in clothing style and clothing material in each culture Area. 2. Economic situation and life style were shown to be influential to clothing development. The best known instance of this was greatly elaborated clothing and personal adornment of the Plains who had higher stand of life and nomadic life style. 3. Religious concepts were important factors influencing American Indian clothing. Indian tribes had different ritual performance they used particular motifs in clothing. Clothing, such as "ghost shirt", Apache medicine shirt and Pueblo ceremonial clothing, served hidden pur- poses. 4. Techenology was another factor identified in this study as influencing American Indian clothing. Especially, weaving skills of Southwest played a great role in textile development. Pueblo "manta" and Navaho "bil" were famous for Indian costume. 5. European material culture allowed great change of traditional native Indian clothing. American Indian had new material, new styles, new concept of clothing. 6. American Indian, although Indian applicated European trade goods, was actually quite conservative in retaining traditional designs and modes of decoration. Asthetics and traction of American Indian were reflected in American Indian clothing.d in American Indian clothing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.164-176
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• 2013

The study aims to find differences in clothing image preferences according to gender-roleidentity. The questionnaire developed by the researchers was distributed to 533 men and women who aged between 20 and 59. Fourhundred eight questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, and Tukey's test using SPSS 18.0/Windows. As results, both male and female participant groups of the study were classified into 4 groups according to their gender-role identity: masculinity, femininity, androgyny, and the undifferentiated. For men, the masculinity group showed a higher preference for flamboyant, sexy, expressive, cold, mature, hard, strong, weighty, heavy, sharp images, while the femininity group showed a stronger preference for flamboyant, bold, luxurious clothing images. The male androgyny group preferred masculine, sexy, cold, mature, hard, strong, weighty, luxurious, heavy, artificial images, whereas the undifferentiated group preferred flamboyant, sexy and mature images. On the other hand, for women, the masculinity group showed a higher preference for luxurious image, while the femininity group showed a stronger preference for sexy, urban, decorative, modern, complicated, luxurious images. The female androgyny group preferred expressive, modern, mature, complicated, and luxurious images, whereas the undifferentiated group preferred bold, decorative, rational, and complicated clothing images.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2010

As an influential political leader, Queen Elizabeth II holds the link between past queens and today's women political leaders and her dress represents so much in accordance to her role. It is important to analyze the dress and role enactment of Queen Elizabeth II in order to provide a guide to the future women political leaders all over the world. The Queen's dress helps her show tradition which has developed over one thousand years of history. She represents Britain to the world focusing on national identity and unity. The Queen always distinct herself from the rest of the world to show the pride of British Monarch, but when she is visiting other counties for diplomatic relationships she would surely show a friendly gesture on her dress to assimilate herself with that country. Also, same as all other women, the Queen seeks practicality in her dress. Therefore, I was able to classify the Queen's dress into jive groups as a way of role enactment. They are tradition, representation, distinction, assimilation, and practicality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1078-1086
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• 2010

This study verifies the validity of the role-relaxed consumption scale developed by Kahle (1995b) for Korean consumers. This study also tests a model that includes consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence along with attention to social comparison information as antecedents and their relationships. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul, Korea, using convenience sampling, and 600 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. Correlation analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA and path analysis were conducted in order to analyze the data. It was proved that the role-relaxed consumption scale was effective for Korean consumers. A path analysis showed that consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence and attention to social comparison information influence role-relaxed consumption.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.93-107
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• 1999

Elderly population of Korea has been significantly increasing, therefore, social and economical influence of the elderly people has been increasing, too. Recently, research regarding elderly people is important because many elderly men take care of their appearance and clothing, and clothing plays an important role in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clothing behavior of men aged 55 years and older who were residents of Seoul. The data were collected with a interview and self-administered questionnaire at various places. The importance of various factors on clothing behavior is different. 2. Age has a negative relationship with conformity, but a positive relationship with aesthetics and satisfaction of clothing. Allowance has a positive relationship with all clothing behaviors factors excepts conformity. 3. Life satisfaction has a positive relationship with education and allowance, also, life satisfaction of occupation group is higher than no occupation group is higher than no occupation group. 4. Appearance satisfaction has not a significant relationships with age, but, has a positive relationship with education. 5. There are positive relationships between not only life satisfaction and clothing behavior factors, but also appearance satisfaction and clothing behavior factors except conformity.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.213-224
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore children's gender differences in their clothing orientation and clothing Purchase behaviors. For this study, data were collected from 166 fifth and sixth graders attending three elementary schools in Seoul. Questionnaire survey data were analyzed through factor analysis, cross-tabulation, and test. In result, gender differences were found in children's clothing orientation, clothing purchase behaviors, and post-purchase behaviors. Girls were more interested in clothing than were boys, and thus girls used a variety of information sources for clothing shopping, taking an active role during the purchase process, compared to boys. Different characteristics of two gender groups of older children in school age were described. Marketing implications based on findings were provided for practitioners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of appearance management behavior and body exposure attitude according to sex role identity. The method of this study was a survey research method by questionnaire. The subjects were 632 college students (male: 302, female: 330) living in Seoul area. The data were analyzed by SPSS program. Analysis methods used were frequency, factor analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$-reliability coefficient, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects were divided into 4 types of sex role identity: androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated type. The female androgynous group had skin care the most, while the male androgynous type had clothing management and weight control the most among the 4 types. Both male and female androgynous groups had hairstyle care the most. Both the male and female masculine groups wore chest exposing clothes the most, while the female masculine type wore shoulder exposing and leg exposing clothes the most. The female androgynous group showed the highest appearance management expenses.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate(Ⅰ) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's suit on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(pink and navy blue colors) × 4(masculine and feminine forms) factorial design of a suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stiuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variables(color and form) in drawings of suit. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of ccupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. They were randomly assigned to one of 8 suit. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives. Differences in the form of the suit had effects on potency and evaluation for both sexes, while it also had some effect on activity for women. The color of the suit had some effect on evaluation for both sexes. Strong effects of color and form on the suit were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupation, the effects of color and form of suit differed by sex of the subjects. Perceiver's sex-role attitudes and occupation paritally influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. In summary, a masculine-feminine image of clothing had a significant effect on the perception of occupational characteristics as well as on suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. Thus, the results of the study support the implicit personality theory on person perception and also the stereotypes of sex-roles on the perception of occupational suitability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2003

The present time, people have felt limits to own clothing because of fast change of fashion trend and various role management which they have. This mood changes people's consciousness for product, and makes them face to intention for rental using instead of permanent possessions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.28-40
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to understand the Korean teenagers\` clothing behavior through pointing out the factors that clothing behavior of teenagers that was initiated from the important reference group, TV stars. The subject of this study were 570 purposively selected students at female middle and high school students in Seoul. The results were as follows : 1. The clothing conformity to TV stars relating to demographic variables was influenced significantly by location and personal expense variable in the high school group. 2. The exhibition showed a more important role to the clothing conformity in middle school group than in high school group. 3. The clothing conformity to TV stars relating to the clothing related variables was significantly affected by self-confidence to clothing than clothing normative recognition, clothing risk recognition and degree of clothing importance regardless of groups. 4. The clothing conformity to TV stars relating to TV media variables was affected by TV media star identification variable in both groups. And in case of middle school group, interests in TV stars also had influence on the clothing conformity to TV stars. And in case of high school group, interests in TV had effect on the imitation to TV stars\` clothing. As middle school students tend to have self-identification about a particular person, TV media stars become the reference group for the adolescence to follow their clothing.