• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.2075-2081
• /
• 2016

Background: Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing in North-Eastern Brazil and the patients with the disease often presented at advanced stages. The present study was focused on identifying variables that affect women's frequency of breast self- examination (BSE) performance. Materials and Methods: Data on BSE, socio-economic parameters and risk factors for breast cancer were obtained from 417 women from a community in North-Eastern Brazil by a self-informant method. To identify independent variables that affect frequency of BSE, nominal logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Of 417 women, 330 (79.3%) reported performing BSE. Compared to high-income women, BSE performance by low-income women every month was 7.69 (OD=0.130; CI 95%: 0.044- 0.0386; p=0.000) times lower. Women who did not live in a stable union performed BSE each month 2.73 (OD=0.366; CI 95%: 0.171-0.782; p=0.010) less often than those living in a stable union. BSE performance every month and every six months or every year by women with poor knowledge about risk factors for breast cancer was 3.195 (OD=0.313; CI 95%: 0.141- 0.695; p=0.004) times and 2.028 (OD=0.493; CI 95%: 0.248- 0.979; p=0.043) times lower, compared to women with good knowledge. Participants who had a close relative with cancer performed BSE every month and every six months or every year 2.132 (OD=0.469; CI 95%: 0.220-0.997; p=0.049) times and 2.337 (OD=0.428; CI 95%: 0.219-0.836; p=0.013) times less often, compared to those women without close relatives with cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that income, marital status, knowledge about risk factors and having a close relative with breast cancer, affect the frequency of BSE performance. Information about risk factors in public health campaigns could additionally strengthen avoidance behaviour and also motivate BSE performance.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 재가치매노인에게 발생한 사고사례들의 조사를 통해 치매노인에게 위험요소로 작용 될 수 있는 요인들을 추출하고, 이를 바탕으로 치매노인 보호를 위해 고려해야 할 모니터링 요소의 결정에 필요한 기초 정보를 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 재가치매노인 55명(남자 16명, 여자 39명)을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 기본특성, 행동특성, 노인인지기능(Short form of Samsung Dementia Questionnaire: S-SDQ), 일상생활 수행능력(Activities of Daily Living: ADL), 사고사례를 조사하였다. 설문조사내용을 바탕으로 위험인자로 작용하는 요소들을 추출하고, 추출된 요소들의 발생빈도, 공발생빈도, 발생장소, 신체손상유무, 손상부위, 손상정도를 분석하였다. 그리고 행동특성, ADL, S-SDQ와 위험요소간의 발생빈도를 교차빈도분석을 통해 알아보았다. 분석결과 12개의 위험요소가 추출되었으며, 이 중 '나감'의 빈도가 가장 많았고, 신체적 손상이 발생한 위험요소는 넘어짐, 부딪힘, 미끄러짐, 떨어짐이었다. 공발생빈도 분석 결과, 넘어짐, 나감, 가스방화, 폭력이 다른 요인과 함께 발생하는 빈도가 높았다. 위험요소의 발생장소는 집주변이 가장 많았으며, 손상부위로는 무릎, 손상정도는 타박상이 가장 많았다. 교차빈도분석결과 위험요소의 발생빈도에 차이가 발생한 항목은 행동장애, 일상생활수행장애 그리고 ADL이였다. 행동장애와 일상생활수행장애의 정도에 따라 빈도의 차이를 보인 요인은 나감이었고, ADL의 정도에 따라 빈도의 차이를 보인 요인은 미끄러짐과 가스방화였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1132-1139
• /
• 2006

Railway risk is evaluated by a method of linking event trees and fault trees as the general PSA(Probabilistic Safety Assessment) model for the risk assessment of complex systems. Accident scenarios causing undesirable events are modeled by event trees comprised of several accident sequences. Each branch located in the accident progression of the event tree is modeled by an fault tree or can be represented by some value too simply. We usually evaluate the frequency of the whole sequence by adding them after calculating the frequency of each sequence at a time. However, since there are quite a number of event trees and fault trees in the railway risk assessment model, the number of sequence to evaluate increases and preparation for the risk assessment costs much time all the more. Also, it may induce errors when analysts perform the work of quantification. Therefore, the systematic maintenance and control of event trees and fault trees will be essential for the railway risk assessment. In this paper we introduce an integrated assessment method using one-top model and develop a risk assessment tool for the maintenance and control of the railway risk model.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.542-552
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary habits and food compliance in stroke patients. One-hundred sixty eight elderly stroke patients and 97 young patients with first -ever stroke admitted to Asan Medical Center between 1994 and 1998 were studied. Using a structured interview, we assessed food intake. food consumption frequency and compliance to low salt, low meat hight fish and high fruit and vegetable diets. These results were analyzed with X$^2$, t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SAS package program. Salted food intake and cholesterol-containing food frequency were increased whereas frequency of fruits and vegetables intake was decreased in young stroke patients compared to the elderly. Meat intake and cholesterol-containing food frequency were increased in the males compared to the females in elderly stroke patients. and fish intake and cholesterol-containing food frequency were higher in the males than the females in the young. In patients with high economic status, frequency of fruits and vegetables was elevated. Also compliance the low meat and high fruit and vegetable diet in young patients was lower than that in the elderly. When the life-style risk factors influencing the food intake of frequency of fruits and vegetables was affected by education in young stroke patients. In elderly stroke patients, meat intake frequency of cholesterol-containing foods and fruits and vegetables were influenced by sex and /or income. Our results suggest that dietary intake of salt meat ,cholesterol-containing foods. fruits and vegetables in stroke patients may vary with age, sex the presence of risk factors or economic status therefore guidelines and nutrition education should by formulated to prevent stroke recurrence based on dietary habits and risk factors of individual patients.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

This study focuses on the evaluation of severity measures used for accidents associated with industrial machines and devices. In particular, duration of medical treatment, duration of work loss, number of deaths in an individual accident associated with industrial machines and devices are evaluated in various ways to assess the severity of the accident. The number of accidents with work loss of longer than 1 year as the severity measure and the number of accidents as the frequency measure appeared to be the most discriminating information and allow risk assessment based on these frequency and severity measures for grouping of industrial machines and devices. Results of such risk assessment further confirmed the re-classification of industrial machines and devices that are currently subject to safety certification (SC) and self-declaration of conformity (SDC) or selection of those machines and devices that are newly subject to SC and SDC.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.362-379
• /
• 2015

In this study, Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) construction schedule delay risk assessment methodology is developed and the construction delay risk is assessed for turnkey international NPP projects. Three levels of delay factors were selected through literature review and discussions with nuclear industry experts. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the basis of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Relative Importance Index (RII) methods and the schedule delay risk is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by severity and frequency of occurrence of delay factors. This study assigns four main delay factors to the first level: main contractor, utility, regulatory authority, and financial and country factor. The second and the third levels are designed with 12 sub-factors and 32 sub-sub-factors, respectively. This study finds the top five most important sub-sub-factors, which are as follows: policy changes, political instability and public intervention; uncompromising regulatory criteria and licensing documents conflicting with existing regulations; robust design document review procedures; redesign due to errors in design and design changes; and worldwide shortage of qualified and experienced nuclear specific equipment manufacturers. The proposed combined AHP-RII methodology is capable of assessing delay risk effectively and efficiently. Decision makers can apply risk informed decision making to avoid unexpected construction delays of NPPs.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2017

국내 냉동제조시설에서 암모니아 누출사고가 여전히 발생하고 있음을 볼 수가 있다. 암모니아는 가연성가스 및 독성가스이므로 사고 발생할 때 인체와 생태계에 큰 피해를 일으킬 수 있다. 국내 냉동제조시설의 암모니아 사고유형을 파악한 후 사고시나리오를 선정하여 피해범위를 산정하고 사고 빈도와 위험도를 분석하여 사고 피해를 최소화하는 대책 수립이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 정량적 위험성 평가(QRA: quantitative risk assessment)의 분석 방법에 따라 암모니아 냉동시스템의 리시버 탱크에 대한 위험도를 분석하였다. 시나리오 분석 조건은 화학물질관리법에서 정하는 '사고시나리오 선정에 관한 기술지침' 및 미국 화학공정안전센터(CCPS: center for chemical process safety)의 가이드라인에 따라 정하였다. DVN사의 SAFETI 프로그램을 활용하여 시나리오에서 선정된 모든 사고 영향범위를 산정하고 빈도 분석을 통하여 리시버 탱크에 대한 위험도를 도출하였다. 빈도 값은 사건수 분석(ETA: event tree analysis)기법과 Part count 기법을 활용하였다. 연구 결과 암모니아 냉동시스템의 개인적 위험도는 7.71E-04/yr으로 도출되었으며, 사회적 위험도 1.17E-03/yr으로 도출되었다. 도출된 위험도는 국제 화재방지협회 (NFPA: national fire protection association)의 ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) 범위를 적용하여 위험도의 적합성을 확인하였으며, 본 연구에서 제안한 위험도 산정 방법이 사고 피해 최소화 방안을 모색하는데 활용된다면 보다 좋은 결과가 도출될 것으로 판단된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2020

Background: Nursing service is a nonroutine work with an excessive physical load and diverse tasks. This study derived representative common tasks based on the frequently occurring tasks with a high physical load in the nursing workers' daily work and developed indicators to evaluate the work risk by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work. Methods: Common tasks were classified through the following stages: literature review, first focus group interview (FGI) with experts, first classification of common tasks, second FGI with hospital health managers, a survey of nursing service workers, and the final classification of common tasks for each task type. To develop an objective risk index for physical load assessment, we investigated the frequency and duration of the derived common tasks via survey. Results: Nursing common tasks were categorized into six task types and 56 subtasks. To evaluate the risks of various tasks in nonroutine works, three frequencies and three working time levels were defined by examining the task frequency and working hours. Exposure time was defined to reflect the characteristics of a nonroutine job. The final risk assessment was the product of the exposure time level and job intensity level. From this, four risk action levels were derived. Conclusion: This study has the advantage of solving the problem of focusing on some tasks in evaluating the physical load. It was meaningful in that a new risk assessment index based on exposure time was proposed based on the development of an evaluation scale for frequency and time by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.137-154
• /
• 2005

Objectives: This study aims to examine the positive effects of developmental assets on the prevention of health risk behaviors among Korean adolescents. The framework of developmental assets was introduced as building blocks for healthy child and adolescent development by Benson and his colleagues. These assets represent positive external environmental factors and internal personal qualities which strongly influence the quality of life of adolescents. Methods: In 2001, we administered self-reported questionnaires to 3,739 girls and boys in grade 9 at eight schools in two cities, Chinju and Suwon in South Korea. The data was compiled into a 'Korean Youth Health Related Behaviors and Developmental Assets Survey' and then analyzed Youth health risk behaviors, which we measured in terms of their frequency, included tobacco, alcohol, and substance use, sexual intercourse, anti-social behaviors, violence, feelings of social isolation at school, depression or attempted suicide, absenteeism from school, gambling. Results: Overall, with respect to developmental assets, the Korean adolescents surveyed only 12.6 of the 40 assets, and 88 percent of adolescents had 20 or fewer of the assets. Based on their number of developmental assets(DA), adolescents were categorized into four groups: Group I(DA 0-10): Group II(DA 11-20): Group III(DA 21-30): Group IV(DA 31-40). We examined the differences in the frequency of each health risk behavior across the four groups, Group I-IV, and found that the frequency of most health risk behaviors decreased as the number of developmental assets increased. Conclusion: We therefore concluded that in order to make effective approaches for the prevention of health risk behaviors among adolescents, we should consider and develop more comprehensive and adolescents-based policy and programs to promote various aspects of adolescents' health and quality of life.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.561-568
• /
• 2019

최근 우리나라는 기후변화 영향으로 극심한 가뭄으로 인한 피해가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 가뭄에 대한 완화대책을 마련하기 위해서는 가뭄 위험도의 변화를 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 관측 강수량 자료와 RCP 4.5 및 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 미래 강수량 자료를 활용하여 극한가뭄에 대한 수문학적 위험도를 평가하였다. 먼저, 임계수준방법으로 가뭄사상을 정의하고 풀링을 통하여 미소가뭄을 제거하여 도출한 가뭄 지속기간 및 심도를 대상으로 이변량 가뭄빈도분석을 실시하였다. 극한가뭄사상에 대한 수문학적 위험도를 산정한 결과, RCP 4.5 시나리오에서 위험도가 가장 높은 지역은 전라북도이며 과거보다 51 % 증가하였다. 또한, RCP 8.5 시나리오에서 위험도가 가장 높은 지역은 강원도이며 과거보다 47 % 증가하였다.