• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1625-1632
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• 2009

This study investigated consumer awareness on imported food safety management. The questionnaire explored status for confirmation as imported foods, consideration factors when imported foods were marketed, ways for finding imported food safety information, people responsible for problems in imported foods safety management, and imported food safety management items. Answers to 1065 questionnaires were analyzed using S-Plus 8.0. The principal results were as follows: 35.7% of respondents always confirmed whether it was imported food. The most important imported foods marketed is children food. 55.1% of respondents think inspectors have responsibility for problems of imported foods safety management. The most important factor for improvement of safety is reinforcement of quarantine. The providing of restricted information only after security problem occurs was the reason for non-satisfaction of safety information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2014

Red yeast rice (RYR) has been known to exhibit various biological effects, including anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammtory activities. Oxidative stress is a main risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of RYR on rats fed a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either 0.2%, 1%, or 5% RYR for 4 weeks. We measured lipid profiles in the plasma and liver, antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and erythrocyte, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, and oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes. The group supplemented with 0.2% RYR had total cholesterol level in plasma decreased by 24%, while the group supplemented with 5% RYR had high-density cholesterol increased by 20% compared to the control. The antioxidant enzyme activities were also affected by RYR supplementation. Total superoxide dismutase activities in plasma significantly decreased by 11% in the 1% RYR group, while these activities in the liver significantly decreased by 16% and 21% in the 1% and 5% supplemented group compared to the control, respectively. Glutathione peroxidase activities in plasma and erythrocytes increased 13% and 48% in the 1% RYR group, respectively. Catalase (CAT) activity in erythrocytes significantly increased by 49% and 68% in the 1% and 5% RYR group compared to the control, respectively. The gene expression of CAT was up-regulated 7.9 fold compared to the control in the 5% RYR supplemented group. These results suggest that RYR can control hyperlipidemia by improving the lipid profile and modulating oxidative stress.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.678-683
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• 2003

Preschool children in Iksan city, 3-5 years old, were examined for their prevalence of severe early childhood caries. The case definition was 1 or more cavitated, filled, or missing (due to caries) smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth. Feeding behavior and oral hygiene behavior were investigated by a questionnaire. The prevalence was 20.8% for 36-47 months, 23.6% for 48-59 months, and 30.8% for 60-71 months. Going to sleep with bottle beyond 1 year (P<0.05), immediate removal of bottle after child fell on sleep (P<0.01), beginning time of toothbrushing (P<0.01) had significant relationship with the prevalence of severe early childhood caries. Toothbrushing frequency of primary care provider and use of oral cleaning aids by primary care provider had a tendency to be related with the prevalence(P<0.10).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.277-301
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine those factors affecting Male Abusive Behavior on Intimate Female Partner Violence. The primary aim of this study is to determine the association between Intimate Partner Violence and coping strategies of male abusive behavior. The sample included 121 male abusive behavior who are referred by Counsel for Family Violence. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistical methods and hierarchical multiple regression were employed. Results indicated that male abusive behavior expressed more aggressive cognitive biases and irrational beliefs than nonviolent men. Both of problem-solving and avoidance coping to deal with relationship conflicts were related to abusive behavior of male. Specially, men who used higher levels of avoidance coping strategies was more likely related to physical abuse, less use of problem-solving coping was related to psychological abuse. Hostility and low marital satisfaction have also been associated with Intimate Partner Violence. Drinking is a risk factor for psychological abuse. Results are discussed implication for developing theoretical and interventional meanings of social welfare practice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.550-558
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• 2001

Background : It has been reported that younger patients with lung cancer have characteristic features that differ from those in older patients. The prognosis for young patients with this disease is controversial. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological characteristics, the survival rate, and the risk factors associated with the overall survival rate in younger patients with lung cancer. Methods : The records of 120 young(age${\leq}40$) patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer in the Korea Caneer Center Hospital(KCCH) between Jan. 1992 and Dec. 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 5,082 lung cancer patients registered at the KCCH from 1992 to 1998, 120 older(age>40) patients were randomly selected as the controls. Results : More female patients(45.0% vs. 20.0%, p<0.001) and more adenocarcinoma cases(64.2% vs.38.3%, p<0.001) were found in the younger group, when compared to the older patients. In NSCLC, advanced disease(stage IIIB and IV) was more common in the younger patients(90.2%) than in the older patients(62.7%) (p<0.001). The Median survival was 8.6 months in the younger patients and 12.2 months in the older(p=0.003). In a multivariate analysis, only the advanced-stage was an independent negative prognostic factor. Conclusions : Lung cancer in the younger age group presents with a more advanced stage resulting in a poor survival rate, which suggests that lung cancer in this population is more aggressive than in older patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.480-486
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• 2012

To evaluate of biological activity of Chambirum ($Amaranthus$ $lividus$) $in$ $vitro$ and $in$ $vivo$, we investigated the free radical scavenging activity of its extracts $in$ $vitro$ and the effect of lyophilized powder on the serum lipid profile of rats fed cholesterol. ABTS, DPPH, and NO radical scavenging activities were tested from water and 80% ethanol extracts of Chambirum, and biological activities of the ethanol extracts were significantly higher than the water extracts. The total lipid and total cholesterol content of serum, atherogenic index (AI), and cardiac risk factor (CRF) were decreased significantly for the groups fed with a 5% and 10% supplement of Chambirum powder (HCA1 and HCA2) in comparison with the group fed cholesterol (HC). Triglyceride content decreased drastically in the HCA2 group, while its content was not decreased in the other group. HDL-cholesterol content was elevated in the HCA1 and HCA2 groups, but was not significantly different to the supplemented amount of Chambirum powder. GPT and ${\gamma}$-GTP activities were decreased significantly in the groups fed with Chambirum powder compared to the HC group. And the content of the lipid peroxide level was the same trend. Therefore, these results give evidence that Chambirum might be useful in the control of induced disorders by dietary cholesterol and/or lipids.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2003

The importance of repeat screening for stomach cancer is well known to decrease deaths from stomach cancer. This study was aimed at assessing practice behaviors and to identify related factors in the aspects of demographic factors, health status and cancer risk recognition, attitude to cancer screening, health behaviors, and inhibiting or facilitating factors to stomach cancer screening in an urban area. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from 403 people aged 40 to 69 years from April 23th to May 15th, 2002. Practice behaviors were classified as : "ever" or "never", and "repeat" or "not repeat" grouped based on a recent 5 year screening history. The results were as follows: 1. Among the 403 subjects: "the ever group" was 23.8% and "the repeat group" was 4.0%, The rates of screening were 20.5% for men, 27.8% for those women, and 27.3% for aged 40-49, 24.5% for those aged 50-59, 19.0% for those aged 60-69. The rates of repeat screening were 4.0% for men, 4.1% for women, and 2.9% for those aged 40-49, 6.3% for aged 50-59, 2.5% for those aged 60-69. 2. The main factors associated with adherence to gastric cancer screening were education(post high school vs below : OR=2.44), previous cancer screening(yes vs no : OR=2.61), belief in personal health(no vs yes : OR=2.72), health status(unhealthy vs healthy : OR=3.40), possibility of cancer compared to others(low vs not low : OR=2.56), and regular exercise(yes vs no : OR=2.94). The main factor associated with adherence to gastric cancer repeat screening was other cancer screening(yes vs no : OR=6.33). Consequently, there is a need to change the recognition of the importance and necessity of stomach cancer screening in healthy conditions through health education, and to perform multiple screening tests each visit.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.153-172
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• 2013

Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) have limited human and material resources than large firms. SMEs are characterized by high risk and dynamic working environments. Thus human resources having knowledge and technologies are very important factor for survival and performance in SMEs. Recently, as core employee group is a key asset to firm competitiveness, many SMEs attend to set up core employee policy and system. The purposes of this research are to examine the effect of core employee policy and core employee management system on competitiveness of human resource and organizational commitment in SMEs. The major findings of the research are core employee policy have non-significant influence core employee management system, core employee policy have positive influence competitiveness of human resource, core employee management system have non-significant influence competitiveness of human resource, and competitiveness of human resource have positive influence organizational commitment in SMEs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.417-424
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to assess the relevancy to oral health behaviors and socioeconomic characteristic among Korean adolescents. From '2007 Youth Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance 73,836 subjects database' which provided from 'Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention'. We conducted statistically analyzed binary logistic regression to determine the relation between dental health behavior and socioeconomic characteristic. Compared to adolescents in high-economic group, adolescents in medium or low-economic group had more likely poor dental health behaviors(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). In particular, there were significantly difference in toothbrushing the frequency of visiting a dental clinic and had received dental health education experiences. Conclusions, Because of the strong relation with demographic socioeconomic characteristic, must consider it when we improve of oral health by behavioral change. These results the need for the further development spread of oral health programs.