• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.217-224
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• 1999

This Paper shows the results of a series of model tests on the behavior of single rigid Pile, which subjected to lateral load, in non-homogeneous Nak-Dong River sands, consisted of two layers, upper and lower layers. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of ratio of lower layer thickness to embedded pile length ratio of soil modules of upper to lower layer (E$\sub$h1//E$\sub$h2/) and pile head constraint condition on the characteristics of lateral behavior of single pile. These effects can be quantified only by the results of model tests. As a model test result, in non-homogeneous sand, it shows that the lateral behavior depends upon the ratio of soil modules of upper to lower layer more than other factors. And, in respect of deflection, it was found that the reduction ratio of deflection by pile head fixity is the value of 0.5 and 0.6 for E$\sub$h1//E$\sub$h2/=0.18 and E$\sub$h1//E$\sub$h2/=5.56, respectively. The critical thickness of lower layer on the change of deflection is about 25 - 50% of pile embedded length. Also, in respect of maximum bending moment it was found that the reduction ratio of maximum bending moment by pile head fixity is the value of 0.55 and 0.7 for E$\sub$h1//E$\sub$h2/=0.18 and E$\sub$h1//E$\sub$h2/=5.56, respectively.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.198-203
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• 2008

In the present study, the deformation behavior of both of metal and polymer combination on impact was investigated. They have showed a different deformation behavior when the co-axially combined projectile was impacted on rigid target. The theory according to Taylor's simplified approach assumes an ideally rigid-plastic material model exhibiting rate-independent behavior and simple one-dimensional wave propagation concepts that neglect radial inertia. In the case of impact with polymeric materials, elastic strain in general are not negligible compared with plastic strain; and the rigid-plastic material behavior assumed by Taylor for metallic materials cannot be applied any more. Since, the sleeve and the core materials have widely different mechanical properties, they will produce a significant difference of mechanical impedance with each other. Therefore these impedance mismatch influences on the deformation behavior sleeved polymer projectile on impact. As a result, sleeved projectiles will generate a very interesting impact behavior. Therefore, the according to sleeved metal material and core polymer material can see expected. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors which influences on deformation behavior pattern of sleeve materials surface.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

Soft morphing robotics making use of smart material and based on biomimetic principles are capable of continuous locomotion in harmony with its environment. Since these robots do not use traditional mechanical components, they can be built to be light weight and capable of a diverse range of locomotion. This paper illustrates a flexible smart phone robot made of smart soft composite (SSC) with inchworm-like locomotion capable of two-way linear motion. Since rigid components are embedded within the robot, bending actuators with embedded rigid segments were investigated in order to obtain the maximum bending curvature. To verify the results, a simple mechanical model of this actuator was built and compared with experimental data. After that, the flexible robot was implemented as part of a smart phone robot where the rigid components of the phone were embedded within the matrix. Then, experiments were conducted to test the smart phone robot actuation force under different deflections to verify its load carrying capability. After that, the communication between the smart phone and robot controller was implemented and a corresponding phone application was developed. The locomotion of the smart phone robot actuated through an independent controller was also tested.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1577-1584
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• 2002

This paper develops a finite element model for studying the occupant behavior and injury cofficients of a large-sized cab-over type truck. Since it does not have a room to absorb collision energy and deformation in front of the passenger compartment the deformation is directly transmitted to the passenger compartment. Moreover, since its steering column is attached on the frame, severe deformation of the frame directly affects on the steering wheel's movement. Therefore, if the occupant behavior and injury coefficients analysis is performed using a finite element model developed based on a sled test, it is very difficult to expect acquiring satisfactory results. Thus, the finite element model developing in this paper is based on the frontal crash test in order to overcome the inherent problems of the sled test based model commonly used in the passenger car. The occupant behavior and injury coefficients analysis is performed using PAM-CRASH installed in super-computer SP2. In order to validate the reliability of the developed finite element model, a frontal crash test is carried out according to a test method used fur developing truck occupant's secondary safety system in european community and japan. That is, test vehicle's collision direction is vertical to the rigid barrier and collision velocity is 45kph. Thus, measured vehicle pulses at the lower parts of the left and right B-pilla., dummy chest and head deceleration profiles, HIC(head injury criterial) and CA(chest acceleration) values, and dummy behavior from the frontal crash test are compared to the analysis results to validate reliability of the developed model.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.466-477
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• 2021

There are three different well-known methods for predicting the manoeuvrability of ships: (1) free running model test, (2) direct manoeuvring simulation using CFD and (3) system-based manoeuvring simulation. In this paper, the manoeuvrability of the KVLCC2 was estimated using CFD with rigid body motion and body force propeller method. The free running manoeuvre at the different time steps were also simulated. The yaw checking ability and the turning ability of KVLCC2 were predicted using CFD and could have been confirmed that the IMO criteria was satisfied. When the results were compared with the model test and system-based method, the free running simulation showed better agreement to that of the model test. It could also be confirmed that the results vary depending on the time step. Overall, the CFD results using the body force propeller method estimated most accurately the test results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2022

This paper investigates the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the dimensionless parameters for contact pressures and contact lengths under the rigid punch, the initial separation loads, and the initial separation distances of a contact problem. The problem consisted of two elastic infinitely layers (EL) loaded by means of a rigid cylindrical punch and resting on a half-infinite plane (HP). Firstly, the problem was formulated and solved theoretically using the Theory of Elasticity (ET). Secondly, the contact problem was extended based on the ANN. External load, the radius of punch, layer heights, and material properties were created by giving examples of different values used at the training and test stages of ANN. Finally, the accuracy of the trained neural networks for the case was tested using 134 new data, generated via ET solutions to determine the best network model. ANN results were compared with ET results, and well agreements were achieved.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Recently, development in vehicle safety could increase interest in children's safety in vehicle collisions. But the research of children safety in vehicle collisions is not being conducted as many as that of adult's. Especially the study for the vehicle crash was not much. This study focused on the comparison of child safety between test protocols to evaluate children's safety in crash test. Injuries of Q6 and Q10 dummy were evaluated using FFRB (Full frontal rigid barrier) test and 40% ODB (Offset deformable barrier) test with one model vehicle. Even though the limit number of test, the tendency of injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 dummy between the test protocols was not conformed but injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 were not same between FFRB and 40% ODB.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2005

This paper develops the flexible computational model of a heavy truck by interfacing the frame modeled as a flexible body to the heavy truck's computational model composed of rigid bodies. The frame is modeled by the finite element method. Three torsional modes and three bending modes of the frame are considered for the interface of the heavy truck's computational model. The actual vehicle test is conducted off road with a velocity of 20km/h. The vertical accelerations at the cab and front axle are measured in the test. For the verification of the developed computational model, the measured vertical acceleration profiles are compared with the simulation results of the heavy truck's flexible computational model. E grade irregular road profile of ISO is used as an excitation input in the simulation. The verified flexible computational model is used to compare the vibration characteristics of a front suspension system having a multi-leaf spring and that having a tapered leaf spring. The comparison results show that the front suspension having a tapered leaf spring has a higher vertical acceleration at the front axle but a lower vertical acceleration at the cab than the suspension system having a multi-leaf spring.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3013-3022
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• 2013

SMART Highway 종방향 배리어 상위등급 SB5-B 대형차 충돌조건을 만족하면서 120km/h의 소형차충돌속도를 130km/h로 상향시킬 수 있는 가능성이 조사되었다. 실물 충돌시험의 결과에 Calibrate된 입력 변수를 적용한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 120km/h 소형차 충돌속도에 대한 차량의 종방향(longitudinal)과 횡방향(transverse) 속도변화가 THIV 한계를 만족시킬 수 있도록 다양한 배리어 모델이 개선되었고 이 과정을 통해 결정된 배리어 모델이 SB5-B 실물충돌시험을 통과하였다. 통과된 배리어 모델 slip block-out 날개의 각도를 변화시키면서 120km/h 소형차 충돌속도의 상향가능성을 유한요소해석(FEA)을 통하여 조사하고 실물차량 충돌시험을 수행하였다. 소형차충돌속도 130km/h에 대한 표준시험 여건이 갖추어 진다면 소형차 충돌속도 130km/h로 상향시킬 수 있는 가능성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.769-777
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 속도 의존성을 나타내는 콘크리트의 인장거동을 모사하기 위하여 유변학적(rheological) 모델을 개발하였고 이를 평가하였다. 일반적으로 외부에서 가해지는 하중 속도가 증가할수록 콘크리트의 물성(강도, 탄성계수, 파괴에너지 등)은 그 크기가 증가한다. 콘크리트의 강도는 다른 물성에 비하여 큰 속도의존성을 나타내고, 압축 하중인 경우보다 인장 하중을 받는 경우 그 속도의존성이 크게 나타난다. 이러한 콘크리트의 속도 의존성을 모사하기 위하여, 기존 RBSN(Rigid-Body-Spring-Network) 모델의 거동을 나타내는 스프링 세트에 대쉬포트(Dashpot)와 같은 점성 요소와 Coulomb 마찰 요소를 조합하였다. 요소의 조합에 따라 세 가지 모델( 1)점탄성, 2)점소성, 3)점탄소성 손상(Damage 모델)을 고려하였고, 이에 대한 구성관계식을 유도하였다. 개발된 해석모델은 직접인장 실험의 응력-변형률 관계곡선과 비교 검증되었고, 이중 점탄소성 손상 모델은 실험결과를 잘 모사할 수 있음을 확인하였다.