• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2010

In this study, the real on-road driving data were analyzed to draw the various characteristics related to idling of vehicles. The results revealed that the average idling time of a city bus corresponds to 30.9% of the total daily driving time. Among this, for about 21.6% of the total daily driving time, it is available that an engine can be halted while the vehicle stops. It is a daytime when the portion of time, for which idling stop is available, is peak. Due to idling stop, an increase of turnaround was not found throughout this analysis. When a city bus stops at a traffic right, idling periods were long enough to execute the idling stop, during which an engine halts. Whereas, during the idling time for bus stops, the idling periods were not so long enough to execute idling stop. Deceleration periods among the total turnarounds of a city bus occupies about 24.7%, during which, for about 30%, a deceleration maintains for more than four seconds. Thus, using the energy during deceleration period, which then can be recovered from braking energy, it was also found that a hybrid system can be effectively implemented to a city bus.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.345-353
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• 2009

The success and failure of any project depends upon many factors, the Project Manager is considered to be the key contributor to the success of any project, as well as a guide to the team members to achieve the client satisfaction (Cost, Time and Quality). Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide a practical approach for understanding the importance of the Project Manager and his effectiveness to the success of the construction projects. In addition, the Project Manager's roles, responsibilities and duties have direct impact to the success of the construction projects. In order to identify the thoughts and opinion of the construction industry on this particular assertion, a quantitative study was carried out within the UK construction industry. The result of the study shows that there is an extremely strong correlation between the Project Manager and the success of the construction projects. In construction projects the Project Manager is considered to be one of the most important people who can lead and drive the projects in the right direction and conclude construction projects successfully. Moreover, these can play the most important role regarding the improvement of the organization's performance, the organization's profitability and the client's satisfaction. The research confirmed that the Project Manager is a very essential element to the success of the construction project and have an impact at every stage of the construction project. So it concluded that selection of a Project Manager should be carefully done with regard to experience, knowledge, power/authority and good understanding to the kind of the project.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Background: To determine effects of mobilization with movements (MWM) application on stroke patient with hypomobility on sacroiliac joint. Methods: The subject was 47years old male who have left hemiplegia because of right intra-cerebral hemorrhage. The subject was have hypomobility on sacroiliac joint. MWM using during 4weeks and using Berg balance scale (BBS), Timed up and go (TUG), 10meter walking (10MW) test for evaluation. Results: The results of this study were summarized below; BBS score for evaluating balance ability was increased, and TUG time, 10MW test time was decrease. Conclusion: We consider that MWM application on stroke patient with hypomobility on sacroiliac joint is not only regain mobility on sacroiliac joint but also increase in balance ability and walking speed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.169-176
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• 2017

This study, a non-equal prior and post quasi-experimental research on a control group, investigates the nursing students' change of perception on the meaning of life, death, well-dying and hospice in order to elucidate its effect. The study subjects were 38 students registered in the Department of Nursing Science in C University located in A city as the experimental group and another 36 students registered in the Department of Nursing Science in P University in P city as the control group. Death preparation education was conducted from February 29 through April 20, 2016. A 90-minute session was conducted each week for eight weeks and the data were analyzed by $x^2-test$ and t-test. In line with four domains of death education, i.e., cognition, emotion, practice and value, death preparation education was composed by imparting meaning to life and focusing on the perception on death, well-dying and hospice. From the study results, death preparation education enhanced nursing students' perception on the meaning of life, well-dying and hospice, and hence helped nursing students grant meaning to their lives and establish right values of life. Thus, it acted as a driving force for nursing students to live positive lives and is expected to be utilized as useful education which cultivates right perception on well-dying and hospice. However, in the absence of any significant difference in perception of death, repeated follow-up studies are required to verify the effect on the perception on death and the change in the perception of well-dying depending on the period of application.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.430-440
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the degree of depression, cognitive function, communication ability, and the quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) in elderly individuals with hearing loss and to investigate their inter-relationship. Hearing-impaired elderly participants, aged 60 years or older (37 men and 26 women) who visited the S Hearing Rehabilitation Center in Y City from June 20, 2020, to September 3, 2020, participated voluntarily after a recruitment announcement.The participants' overall characteristics, depression, and cognitive functions were evaluated with a structured questionnaire. The Word Recognition Score (WRS) was evaluated with an audiometer using the Korean Standard Monosyllabic Word Lists for Adults (KS-MWL-A). The quantitative EEG was measured with dry electrodes using a 2-channel EEG on the frontal lobes Fp1 and Fp2. The results are summarized as follows: Communication ability showed a positive correlation with the left-right symmetry of the frontal lobes (**p<.01) and a negative correlation with right-brain mental distraction and stress (*p<.05). In the difference WRS test for each group, the left-right symmetry of the frontal lobes (**p<.01) showed the greatest correlation with communication ability. Our results suggest that the left-right symmetry of the frontal lobes can be a biomarker indicative of the communication ability of older people with hearing impairments.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on pain and anxiety of the hospice patients. This study was devised with a quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent contrast group non-synchronized design. The data were collected during the period from July 10 to September 25 in 2000 at the general hospital in CheonJu city. The subjects were sixty-seven patients who referred the hospice service. They were assigned to two groups, 36 members of the experimental group and 30 members of the contrast group. They also did not any complication, were alert enough tobe interviewed and agree willingly to participate in this study. The tools used were Yoon's Korean Version of Brief Pain Inventory and Spielberger's State Anxiety Scale. The spiritual care intervention was carried out through Hymn, Scripture, Prayer, the therapeutic use of self over a period of three weeks. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The results of this study were as follows: 1.The examination of the same quality showed that there were not significant differences in the general characters, disease and therapeutic characters, religional characters between the experimental group and the contrast group. 2.After the spiritual nursing intervention pain scores of the experimental group were remarkably lower than those of the contrast group(right now pain: t=-2.634, p=0.012). 3.Decreasing rate in the pain scores of the experimental group were remarkably lower than those of the contrast group(right now pain: t=5.017, p=0.000). 4. After the spiritual nursing intervention state anxiety of the experimental group were remarkably lower than those of the contrast group(t=-5.987, p=0.000). 5. A positive correlation was found between reported pain and depression following the spiritual nursing intervention. In conclusion, the hospice patients who were offered spiritual care became lower than those who were not offered spiritual care and confirmed to decrease pain. According to these results, spiritual nursing intervention can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieved pain and anxiety of the hospice patients.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on the activity of the upper trapezius and erector spinae according to the length difference of the backpack using electromyogram (EMG). We also conducted a study comparing the center of pressure (COP) and weight distribution before and after using Wii® balance board. Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=14) wearing a backpack with a short right strap length and a control group (n=16) wearing a backpack with the same strap length. Data were collected by dividing into groups, carring a 15% weight backpack and walking for 20 minutes on a treadmill. As a result of analyzing the EMG data, there was no significant change in the upper extremity muscle activity of the control group, but it was significantly decreased in the right upper trapezius activity of the experimental group (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant change of COP in the experimental group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference of the weight distribution in both groups. Recognizing mechanical changes in the body that may occur due to the asymmetry of the strap length is thought to be helpful for systematic ergonomic intervention according to changes in the external environment in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2002

This paper describes about non-burial AVI (Automatic Vehicle Identification) system using general vehicle as probe car for obtaining more accurate traffic information while conserving road pavement surface. Existing spot traffic detectors have their own limits of not obtaining right information owing to its mathematical method. Burial AVI systems have some defects, causing traffic jam, needing much maintenance cost because of frequent cutting of loop and piezo-electric sensors. Especially, they have hard time to make right detection, when it comes to jamming time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose non-burial AVI system with laser trigger unit. Proposed non-burial AVI system is developed to obtain regional traffic information from normal Passing vehicle by automatic license number recognition technology. We have adapted it to national highway section between Suwon city and Pyong$\~$Taek city(9.5km) and get affirmative results. Vehicle detection rate of laser trigger unit is more than 95$\%$, vehicle recognition rate is 87.8$\%$ and vehicle matching rate is about 14.3$\%$. So we regard these as satisfying results to use the system for traffic information service. We evaluate proposed AVI system by regulation of some institutions which are using similar AVI system and the proposed system satisfies all conditions. For future study, we have plan of detailed research about proper lane number from all of the target lanes, optimal section length, information service period, and data fusion method for existing spot detector.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

In this paper, a method for predicting the speed for each lane from the link speed using an artificial neural network is presented to increase the accuracy of predicting the required time of a driving route. The time required for passing through a link is observed differently depending on the direction of going straight, turning right, or turning left at the intersection of the end of the link. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the speed according to the vehicle's traveling direction. Data required for learning and verification were constructed by refining the data measured at the Gongpyeong intersection of Gukchaebosang-ro in Daegu Metropolitan City and four adjacent intersections around it. Five neural network models were used. In addition, error analysis of the prediction was performed to select a neural network experimentally suitable for the research purpose. Experimental results showed that the error in the estimation of the time required for each lane decreased by 17.4% for the straight lane, 4.4% for the right-turn lane, and 3.9% for the left-turn lane. This experiment is the result of analyzing only one link. If the entire pathway is tested, the effect is expected to be greater.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2013

A GPS-drifter was newly designed to observe the sea surface skin current and to estimate the direct wind effect on the sea surface. After conducting a test to establish and verify the accuracy of the GPS itself in the laboratory, in-situ experimental campaigns at Saemangeum in Gunsan city and Haeundae in Busan city, Korea, were carried out to ascertain the drifter track and to estimate the velocity data set on Oct. 3, 15, 23, 27 and Nov. 25, 2011. The current meters, RCM9 and ADCP, were moored together to remove the background current field, and the wind data were obtained from several marine stations such as towers and buoys in these areas. The drifter-observed velocity show good agreement with the flow obtained by the HF radar in the Saemangeum area. The direction of the wind-driven current extracted from the drifter-observed velocity was completely deflected to the right, however the degree of the angle was different according to the drift types. The average speed of the wind-driven current matched with 2.19~2.81% of the wind speed and the deflection angle was about $8.0{\sim}10.9^{\circ}$ without adjustment for the land-sea effect, and about 2.19~2.84% and $4.1{\sim}6.0^{\circ}$ with the adjustment for the land-sea effect.