Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research (대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지)

The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engineering (대한의용생체공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Back Strap Length Differences on Upper Extremity Muscle Activity, Center of Pressure, and Weight Distribution

가방 끈 길이 차이가 상지 근활성도, 압력중심 및 체중분포에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Hyun Ju (Department of Physical Therapy, Konyang University) ;
  • Kim, Min Su (Department of Physical Therapy, Konyang University) ;
  • Kim, Ah Yeon (Department of Physical Therapy, Central Hospital) ;
  • kang, Hyun Gu (Sanitation Team, Boryeong City Health Center) ;
  • Tae, Ki Sik (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University)
  • 이현주 (건양대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김민수 (건양대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김아연 (센트럴병원 물리치료실) ;
  • 강현구 (보령시보건소 위생팀) ;
  • 태기식 (건양대학교 의공학부)
  • Received : 2021.10.13
  • Accepted : 2021.10.27
  • Published : 2021.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on the activity of the upper trapezius and erector spinae according to the length difference of the backpack using electromyogram (EMG). We also conducted a study comparing the center of pressure (COP) and weight distribution before and after using Wii® balance board. Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=14) wearing a backpack with a short right strap length and a control group (n=16) wearing a backpack with the same strap length. Data were collected by dividing into groups, carring a 15% weight backpack and walking for 20 minutes on a treadmill. As a result of analyzing the EMG data, there was no significant change in the upper extremity muscle activity of the control group, but it was significantly decreased in the right upper trapezius activity of the experimental group (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant change of COP in the experimental group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference of the weight distribution in both groups. Recognizing mechanical changes in the body that may occur due to the asymmetry of the strap length is thought to be helpful for systematic ergonomic intervention according to changes in the external environment in the future.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn JS. The effects of Asymmetric Load of Shoulder Bag on Trunk and Pelvis Movement Patterns of Normal Adult during Gait. Graduate School of Health and Environment, Yonsei University, 2006.
  2. Chae WS. A Comparative Analysis of Ground Force Form on Walking after Wearing Roller Shoes and Jogging Shoes. Journal of the Korean Association of Exercise. 2006;16(1):101-108.
  3. Son H. The Effect of Backpack Load on Muscle Activities of the Trunk and Lower Extremities and Plantar Foot Pressure in Flatfoot. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(11):1383-1386. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.1383
  4. Brackley HM, Stevenson JM, Selinger JC. Effect of Backpack Load Placement on Posture and Spinal Curvature in Prepubescent Children. 2009;32(3):351-360. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2009-0833
  5. Matsuo T, Hashimoto M, Koyanagi M, Hashizume K. Asymmetric Load-carrying in Young and Elderly Women: Relationship with Lower Limb Coordination. Gait & Posture. 2008;28(3):517-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.02.001
  6. Oh JH, Choi SN. Effects of the Length of Schoolbag String on Gait Posture. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies. 2007;30(6):619-629. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2007.09.30.619
  7. Cho SC. Effects of Backpack Weight on Elementary School Boy's Walking. The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine. 2001;19(2):303-310.
  8. Kim JS, Kim K, Jun DH. The Effect of Changes in Young Women's Static Balance after Performing Walking Task with Different Carrying Bag Positions. Korean Soc Phys Med. 2011;6(1):51-58.
  9. Jung MY. Correlation Between Perceived Backpack Weight and Musculoskeletal Pain for Elementary School Children. J Erg Soc Korea. 2006;25(4):35-40. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2006.25.4.035
  10. Motmans RREE, Tomlow S, Vissers D. Trunk Muscle Activity in Different Modes of Carrying Schoolbags. Ergonomics. 2006;49(2):127-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500435066
  11. Latash ML, Ferreira SS, Wieczorek SA, Duarte M. Movement Sway: Changes in postural Sway During Voluntary Shifts of the Center of Pressure. Experimental Brain Research. 2003;150:314-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1419-3
  12. Szeto GPY, Straker LM, O'Sullivan PB, EMG Median Frequency Changes in the Neck-Shoulder Stabilizers of Symptomatic Office Workers When Challenged by Different Physical Stressors. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005;15(6):544-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.06.004
  13. Ning X, Haddad O, Jin S, Miraka GA. Influence of Asymmetry on the Flexion Relaxation Response of the Low Back Musculature. Clinical Biomechanics. 2011;26(1):35-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.08.012
  14. Nigg BM. Biomechanics of Running Shoes. Human Kinetics. Champaign IL. 1986.
  15. Whittfield J, Legg SJ, Hedderley DI. Schoolbag Weight and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in New Zealand Secondary Schools. Applied Ergonomics. 2005;36(2):193-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.10.004
  16. Abdelraouf OR, Hamada HA, Selim A, Shendy W, Zakaria H. Effect of Backpack Shoulder Straps Length on Cervical Posture and Upper Trapezius Pressure Pain Threshold. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(9):2437-2440. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.2437
  17. Im IH, Um KM, Kim H.S. Effect of the Body Alignment on Type and Weight of the Bag. J Kor Phys Ther Sci. 2009;16(2):11-17.
  18. Kim MH, Yoo WG. Effect of the Spacing of Backpack Shoulder Straps on Cervical Muscle Activity, Acromion and Scapular Position, and Upper Trapezius Pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(6):685-686. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.685
  19. Li JX, Hong Y, Robinson PD. The Effect of Load Carriage on Movement Kinematics and Respiratory parameters in Children during Walking. Eur J Appl Phyiol. 2003;90(1-2):35-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0848-9
  20. Forjuoh SN, Little D, Schuchmann JA, Lane BL. Parental Knowledge of School Backpack weight and contents. Arch Dis in Child. 2003;88:18-19. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.1.18
  21. Holmes JD, Jenkins ME, Johnson AM, Hunt MA, Clark RA. Validity of the Nintendo Wii® balance board for the assessment of standing balance in Parkinson's disease. Clin Rehabil. 2013;27(4):361-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215512458684
  22. Park DS, Lee DY, Choi SJ, Shin WS. Reliability and validity of the balancia using "Wii" balance board for assessment of balance with stroke patients. J Korea Acade Industr Coop Soc. 2013;4(6):2767-2772.
  23. Yoon JG. Correlations Between Muscle Activities and Strap Length and Types of School Bag during Walking. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(12):1937-1939. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1937
  24. Hardie R, Haskew R, Harris J, Hughes G. The Effects of Bag Style on Muscle Activity of the Trapezius, Erector Spinae and Latissimus Dorsi During Walking in Female University Students. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2015;5:39-47.
  25. Habibi A. Weight Varying Effects of Carrying Schoolbags on Electromyographic Changes of Trunk Muscles in Twelve-year Old Male Students. The International Journal of Medicine. 2009;2(4):314-318.
  26. Kim JW, Kim YN. Effect of Sling Exercise on Muscle Activity and Pain in Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair. J Kor Phys Ther. 2017;29(2):45-49. https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2017.29.2.45
  27. Pel JJM, Spoor CW, Goossens RHM, Pool-Goudzwaard AL. Biomechanical Model Study of Pelvic Belt Influence on Muscle and Ligament Forces. Journal of Biomechanics. 2008;41(9):1878-1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.002
  28. Haddad MH, Rietdyk S, Ryu JH, Seaman JM, Silver TA, Kalish JA, Hughes CML. Postural Asymmetries in Response to Holding Evenly and Unevenly Distributed Loads During Self-Selected Stance. Journal of Motor Behavior. 2011;43(4):345-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2011.596169
  29. Ruhe A, Fejer R, Walker B. Center of Pressure Excursion as a Measure of Balance Performance in Patients with Non-specific Low Back Pain Compared to Healthy control: A systematic Review. Eur Spine. 2011;20:358-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-010-1543-2
  30. Jung HJ, Kim SK, Kim YS, Rho WR, Lee YH. Developing and Evaluating of a Creative Dance Program to Improve Physical Performance, Strength, and Balance for the Elderly Women in Rural Community. Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise. 2017;25(4):109-131.
  31. Pack SJ, Kim MH, Kim JS. Changes of Relative Impulse of Foot on Carrying 5 Types of Schoolbag During Level Walking. J Kor Phys Ther. 2009;21(3):61-68.