• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.281-299
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• 2008

The main purpose of this essay is to suggest that Faulkner's "pro"-lynching letter published in Commercial-Appeal in 1931 does not contradict his antilynching works such as "Dry September," Light in August, Go Down, Moses, and Intruder in the Dust. In the letter, Faulkner writes, "they [lynching mobs] have a way of being right." The remark has been interpreted as the expression of Faulkner's sympathetic attitude toward lynching mobs; however, it can be also seen as Faulkner's observation and criticism of the southern white people's structures of feeling in his time that stubbornly justified lynching as a way to do justice to black people who did "not" deserve to be a legal subject. This essay argues that Faulkner understood that the legislation of anti-lynching law alone could not save black people from the violence of lynching as far as white people believed that black people were not their equals and that lynching was a right means to fulfill social justice. Faulkner's fictions such as Light in August and Go Down, Moses provide moments in which white male characters feel as if they were social others, and their experiences work as an ethical urge for them to stand up for social others. This essay illuminates how Faulkner depicts the process of white male characters' identity formation as a violent break from his strong tie with black friends, how they reverse the process to blur the border again through the experiences of becoming-other, and how the experience of becoming-other has a potentiality to play the role of an ethical agency in stopping the custom of lynching in the South.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.60
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• pp.5-35
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• 2021

Profound changes have occurred in the archival landscape since the advent of community archives and the global spread of archival art. This trend can be seen in Korea where a noticeable growth in archival arts and local community archives can be observed. This study explores how archival arts in Korea function when they are specifically intended to play a role in local community archiving. For this purpose, we analyzed the 'Gyeonggi archive_Now (2018)' and 'Seongbuk Documenta (2016-2018)' exhibitions, which were both exemplary cases of archival arts exhibited in connection with local community archives. Based on the analysis of the Gyeonggi Archive, which was aimed at strengthening the local identity of Gyeonggi Province, as well as the analysis of Seongbuk Documenta, which focused on the loss of place that resulted from redevelopment projects in the area of Seongbuk-gu, this study identifies the multiple roles of artists in archiving work. This study also reveals the variety of archiving works that exist and illuminates the value that such initiatives have in constructing local identity and reviving a sense of place. In particular, this research shows that archival art has the potential to empower local community archives while also providing opportunities to boost artistic creation. Our research concludes by highlighting the necessity of promoting the right environment and conditions that are required for archival arts if they are to play a role not only in keeping records and memories but also in producing further knowledge and discourse in a local community.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.379-390
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• 2000

Euthanasia have received considerable attention recentely in medical literature, public discussion, and proposed state legislation. Almost all the discussion in this area has focused on the role of physicians. However, nurse may be in special position to understand the wishes of patients and to act on this understanding. Purpose of this study is to identity the meaning of euthanasia in terminal ill patients on the nurses' veiw. Forcused interveiw design was used to data collection The data were analyzed by semantic analysis, and analysis of the data resulted in identification of 14 categories representing the meaning of euthanasia. 1. The meaning of supported euthanasia is 'free of suffering', 'difficulty of economic status', 'right of patient and family', 'dignity of death', 'organ transplant', 'social legislation'. 2. The meaning of opposited euthanasia is 'artificial death', 'value of life', 'uncertainity', 'guilt feeling' 3. The meaning of care in terminalily ill patients is 'avoidance', 'powerlessness'. 'apathy'. 'passive attitude'. The policy debate about professional roles in action that end of lives of patients must be extended nurses. Nurses must take an active role in discussion and definition of acceptable practice at the end of life.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2013

Medical errors such as adverse drug event, improper transfusion, wrong-site surgery, mistaken patient identity and so on commonly occur at health care practice. Information technology, like Drug Utilization Review(DUR) system which reviews, analyzes, and interprets medication data when prescribing, can play a key role in reducing such medical errors and improving patient safety. Korean Government has guided all hospitals to implement concurrent DUR(cDUR) system, which is the first case worldwide in that all healthcare providers have to use cDUR system when prescribing. This paper introduced a case study that a tertiary hospital has integrated the cDUR system into its comprehensive Hospital Information System(HIS) and analyzed the whole prescription data during a week right after adoption of cDUR system. Considering technical strength and weakness, the cDUR system was integrated into the HIS, using Broker Servers for minimizing doctors' anxiety. As the quantitative analysis of the whole prescription data, DUR conflict events, which mainly included duplicate medications and contra-indicated drug interactions for outpatients, were 2.77%. Although only 0.7% is for the contra-indicated drug interactions, it will be greatly devoted to achieve the purpose of DUR such as improving patient safety.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.179-202
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the health promotion program for rural elderly through PRECEDE process. Method: The health promotion program was developed based on the preliminary diagnosis. The data collection was performed from March 10th to April 9th, 2003. The subjects were selected at Mari Myun, Geochang Gun, in Korea. The preliminary diagnosis was examined with the 115 elders. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Cronbach's n test with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: The health promotion program was developed based on diagnostic result using PRECEDE model. The developed program was corrected and revised with the advices from 6 experts. The final program included health responsibility(cancer prevention and early detection, hygienic, false teeth management no smoking and moderation in drink, and chronic disease prevention and management), physical activity(6 kinds of exercise), nutrition(low sodium diet calcium intake, and right eating habit), spiritual growth(spiritual demand and death preparation teaching), interpersonal relations(relationship with couple, children, grandchildren, neighborhood), and stress management(sports dance, foot massage, positive thought, and song class). Conclusion: I propose that it is necessary to identity the effect of health promotion program for rural elderly. And strategy development that can spread the health promotion program elderly is needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.444-453
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• 1992

Recent research reported that postpartum mothers showed different responses according to the type of delivery, and though most mothers preferred vaginal delivery to cesarean section, the numbers of negative comments about the delivery experience were higher in a vaginal delivery group than in a cesarean section group. This study set out to understand the meaning of vaginal delivery as perceived by mother who delivered their babies vaginally and how the mothers felt about their delivery experience. The subjects of this study were 17 primiparous mothers right after vaginal delivery in one university affiliated hospital. Date were collected from March to April, 1992 through interviews lasting 20∼30 minutes using open ended questions about the delivery experience. The data were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method and categorized according to similarity of countent. The meaning of the vaginal delivery was grouped in to four categories and the reason for vaginal in to three. One category of the meaning of vaginal delivery was pain, consisting of the subcategories too painful, want to be rid of the pain, unbearable pain and bearable pain. Another cutegory was a sense of accomplishment containing the subgroups wonderful, good and being finished, The third category was the feeling of becoming a mother The fourth category was that of not having any sense yet of the experience. The reasons for preference for vaginal delivery to a cesarean section were categorized in to the instinctive thinking that vaginal delivery was the natural method, a shortened period of recovery and a lower incidence of complications and a stronger feeling of maternal identity.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2018

Let R be a ring with identity. A right ideal ideal I of a ring R is called ref lexive (resp. completely ref lexive) if $aRb{\subseteq}I$ implies that $bRa{\subseteq}I$ (resp. if $ab{\subseteq}I$ implies that $ba{\subseteq}I$) for any $a,\;b{\in}R$. R is called ref lexive (resp. completely ref lexive) if the zero ideal of R is a reflexive ideal (resp. a completely reflexive ideal). Let K(R) (called the ref lexive radical of R) be the intersection of all reflexive ideals of R. In this paper, the following are investigated: (1) Some equivalent conditions on an reflexive ideal of a ring are obtained; (2) reflexive (resp. completely reflexive) property is Morita invariant; (3) For any ring R, we have $K(M_n(R))=M_n(K(R))$ where $M_n(R)$ is the ring of all n by n matrices over R; (4) For a ring R, we have $K(R)[x]{\subseteq}K(R[x])$; in particular, if R is quasi-Armendaritz, then R is reflexive if and only if R[x] is reflexive.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.943-954
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identity the effects of a health promotion program for rural elderly on health promotion lifestyle and health status. Method: The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design. Data collection was performed from April 12th, 2003 to August 2nd, 2003. The subjects were selected at Mari Myun Geochang Gun in Korea. 44 elders were in the experimental group and 45 elders were in the control group. The 16-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOV A test with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Result: The experimental group showed higher scores of a health promotion lifestyle and perceived health status than the control group. In addition, systolic BP, heart rate, body fat and glucose of the experimental group were lower than the control group. Waist flexibility, left hand grip power, back strength and leg strength of the experimental group were higher than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in diastolic BP, total cholesterol and right hand grip power between the two groups. Conclusion: This health promotion program for rural elderly can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention in rural communities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2008

This paper aims at the comparative study of practicing Buddhism and Taoism related to "life gate". The term "life gate", as a physiological entity of disputed morphological identity, first appears in The Inner Canon where it refers to the eyes. Reference to a "life gate" as an internal organ body first appears in The Classic of Difficult Issues which states, "The two kidneys are not both kidneys' The left one is the kidney, and the right is the life gate." Successive scholars refers to life gate as a gi point of Taoists.. The question of the life gate invited little discussion until the Myeong and Cheong Dynasty, when various different theories were put forward. Especially Jin Sa-taek says "life gate" is the governor of the twelve place in the human body, throwing light on the meaning of it. Not that life gate denotes a local point, it does a system of life gate. Generally speaking, life gate designates cinnabar field. I think that the human body produces essence by way of life gate. That is, the human body is unified by the system of life gate. Life gate is not only the source of infusing the engine of the human body with vital energy but also as well as gi-point.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

In this paper I have considered the subject related with 'the identity of Korean linguistics.' When I have pondered upon the subject I found that all the researches should not be regarded as a part of Korean linguistics only because they followed the scientific methodology. Moreover, it isn't right to accept any of the studies of Korean linguistics only because they relied on the tenet of western linguistic methodology. Although till 1960's various western linguistic methods were introduced to Korean scholars and applied to account for Korean language, abruptly, since 1970's, most theories have inclined to follow tendency of American linguistic trend. Pupils who want to study modem linguistic theories prefer to study at the universities of America rather than other countries in Europe. However, it is necessary to blow that the history of American linguistics isn't really as long as that of European nations and that the humanities has developed fur a long time since the Greek period. If we attempt to contemplate the procedure of the invention of Korean alphabetic system (Hun-Min-Jung-Um) it will be easy to find the fact that the theoretic approaches used to observe and analyze Korean language in 15th century are as good as the most up-to-date theories which have been introduced recently. Therefore, I tried to show that the historical awareness of linguistic theories deserves special emphasis in order to understand the reality of Korean linguistics correctly.