• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.807-817
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• 2008

Steers with ad libitum access to rice straw were assigned to four diets to evaluate the effects of maize or soybean hull supplementation on intake, in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, VFA, ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and in situ ruminal disappearance of feed nutrients by cattle consuming rice straw. Supplement treatments were: no supplement (RS); soybean meal at 0.127% BW (SBM); cracked maize at 0.415% BW plus 0.044% BW soybean meal (MAIZE); or soybean hulls at 0.415% BW plus 0.044% BW soybean meal (HULLS). The MAIZE and HULLS diets were formulated to provide approximately 4 MJ of $NE_m$ per kg of diet. Rice straw DMI was not affected (p = 0.34) by supplement. Apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility was greater (p<0.001) for MAIZE and HULLS (56.6 and 60.0%, respectively) than for steers consuming SBM or RS (51.8 and 44.4%, respectively). Apparent NDF digestibility was greater (p<0.0004) for HULLS than MAIZE (61.7 vs. 58.0%, respectively) and apparent ADF digestibility was greater (p<0.0008) for HULLS than MAIZE (61.1 vs. 49.2%, respectively). There was no difference in apparent hemicellulose digestibility (p = 0.43). Analysis of ruminal fluid collected 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post-feeding revealed ammonia-nitrogen was greatest (p<0.05) for steers on SBM and HULLS diets at 2 h (24.08 and 22.57 mg/dl, respectively) and total volatile fatty acids was greatest (p<0.05) for HULLS at 4 h (230 mM/L). In situ disappearance, measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 24 h, indicated that SBM, MAIZE and HULLS tended to enhance the digestibility of DM and fiber components of rice straw. In situ disappearance of rice straw DM was greatest for SBM and/or HULLS from 4 to 24 h (p = 0.03). Rice straw NDF and ADF disappearance was enhanced by supplementation from 16 to 24 h (p<0.02). Rice straw DM, NDF and ADF disappearances at 24 h were similar for MAIZE and HULLS treatments. When feeding cattle rice straw diets, energy and protein-based supplements are essential. This study showed that fiber-based supplements are just as, if not more, effective as starch-based supplements in rice straw utilization. This study shows that soybean hulls, in spite of their high fiber content, are as efficient as maize for supplementing rice straw primarily because fiber in soybean hulls is highly digestible as shown by in vivo digestibility and in situ disappearance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2009

The goals of this study were conducted to investigate the effects of applying liquid aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3$) to rice hulls on pH and soluble reactive P (SRP). A total of 800 broiler chicks (4 treatments $\times$ 4 replicates $\times$ 50 birds) were housed into 16 floor pens in a single house for 5 weeks. The treatments were divided into 4 groups: control, 100 g of liquid $AlCl_3/kg$ of rice hulls, 200 g of liquid $AlCl_3/kg$ of rice hulls, and 300 g of liquid $AlCl_3/kg$ of rice hulls. Liquid $AlCl_3$ was sprayed on the rice hulls surface at a rate of 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g liquid $AlCl_3$ per kg rice hull. pH values and SRP contents were significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the increased liquid $AlCl_3$ levels in comparison with control. However, no significant differences in SRP contents were observed among all treatments at 3 and 4 weeks. Applying 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g liquid $AlCl_3$ to rice hulls reduced SRP contents by 18, 25, and 52% for 5 weeks, respectively, compared with the controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that using liquid $AlCl_3$ on rice hulls should be promising for reducing water contamination and resulted in a reduction in SRP contents, which reduced pH.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

왕겨에 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 14$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 그리고 60분 동안 원적외선을 조사한 후, 메탄올 추출물을 제조하여 총 페놀함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 변화를 측정하였다. 총 페놀함량의 경우 무처리구에서는 51.6 $\mu$M이며, 원적외선을 11$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 처리한 왕겨의 추출물에서는 104.3 $\mu$M이었다. 또한, DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 무처리구에서는 16.23%이며, 원적 외선을 12$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 처리한 왕겨의 추출물에서는 59.40%로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 적당한 조건에서의 원적외선 조사가 왕겨에 존재하는 페놀 화합물의 추출을 촉진하며 항산화능을 향상시킴을 의미한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2011

왕겨를 기질로 사용하여 carboxymethylcellualse (CMCase)를 생산하는 미생물을 해수에서 분리하였으며 16S rDNA의 염기서열을 분석하여 동정한 결과, Bacillus lichemiformis로 확인되었다. CMCase를 생산하기 위한 최적의 탄소원과 질소원은 왕겨와 암모니움 나이트레이트이었다. 통계학적인 방법인 response surface method (RSM)을 사용하여 CMCase를 생산하기 위한 조건을 최적화하였다. 통계학적인 분석 결과, 왕겨가 균체의 생육에 미치는 영향이 가장 높았으며, 왕겨와 배지의 초기 pH가 CMCase 생산에 미치는 영향이 높았다. Design Expert Software를 사용하여 결과를 분석한 결과, 균체의 생장에 최적인 조건은 48.7 g/l 왕겨, 1.8 g/l 암모니움 나이트레이트, 배지의 초기 pH 6.8 및 배양온도 35.7$^{\circ}C$이었으나, CMCase의 생산에 최적인 조건은 43.2 g/l 왕겨, 1.1 g/l 암모니움 나이트레이트, 배지의 초기 pH 6.8 및 배양온도 35.7$^{\circ}C$이었다. 최적화된 조건에서 왕겨를 기질로 사용하여 B. lincheniformis LBH-52가 생산하는 CMCase는 79.6 U/ml이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 왕겨와 암모니움 나이트레이트를 CMCase를 생산하는 기질로 개발하였으며, 해수에서 분리한 미생물을 사용하여 생산기간을 3일로 단축하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1998

The chemical copositions in rice hulls of twenty six varieties which are one of the largest agricultural by-products in Korea were analyzed. The chemical compositions were 8.56~9.70% moisture, 10.01~17.16% ash, 44.02~55.50% crude fiber, 0.26~2.90% crude protein, 9.20~14.50% starch, and 0.28~0.69% lipid. There were no significantly difference in chemical compositions among twenty six varities. The mineral contents(mg/100g) were 14.3~392.4mg K, 59.4~389.1mg Ca, 31.78~377.8mg Zn, 19.4~104.4mg Na, 12.9~47.6mg Mg, 12.8~37.0mg Si, 8.3~30.5mg Fe, 7.9~26.1mg Al, 7.6~23.5mg Mn, and 6.3~40.3mg P. The contents of IDF (insoluble detergent fiber), SDF(soluble detergent were 70%, 1~2%, 67~73%, 51~60%, 11~17% and 0.3~2%, respectively. The lignin content was higher in Hwa-Young and Mankum than in others. The amounts of ethanol extracts of rice hulls were 1.01~1.52%. In conclusion, the chemical compositions were not significantly difference among twenty six rice hulls varieties.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

Litters such as sawdust and rice hulls are used to manage the waste excrements of Hanwoo(Korean Native Cattle). This experiment was conducted to investigate the adequate depth of bedding materials, and the effective substitutive rate of rice hulls and the recycled-dried sawdust mixed with cattle waste for sawdust from 1993 to 1994. The results were as follows; 1. The most adequate bedding depth of sawdust was 4cm and it was able to be utilized for 38 days. The cost of required sawdust was lower in order of 5, 15, 20 and 10cm in depth of bedding sawdust. 2. Rice hulls was able to be fully substituted for sawdust, but 50% substitution the most effective. 3. Recycled-dried sawdust mixed with cattle waste could be substituted less than 25% for sawdust.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1996

팽화왕겨의 부숙촉진방법을 구명하기 위하여 C/N율의 조절과 미강의 첨가효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. C/N율 조절간 처리별 부숙촉진효과는 C/N율 20 조절 보다는 35로 조절한 처리에서 부숙 촉진효과가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 부숙촉진효과가 가장 컸던 C/N율 35처리는 60일 후 12%의 중량이 감소하였다. 2. 미강첨가(米糠添加)에 따른 부숙촉진효과는 5%첨가보다는 10%첨가에서 외견상 촉진효과가 큰 것으로 나타났으나 미강의 분해에 따른 중량감소인 것으로 판단되므로 실질적인 기여는 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 팽화왕겨부숙기간중 미생물수의 변동은 1) 세균수는 $28.4-272{\times}10^8\;cfu/g$ 범위였으며 이러한 균수는 일반토양의 $10^5$ 에 비하면 현저한 균수의 증가로 볼수 있으며 C/N율만을 조절한 경우 보다는 미강의 첨가로 세균수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 팽화왕겨의 부숙도와 관련하여 볼 때 미강 첨가구가 부숙이 빠르고 이들 처리에서 세균수의 증가가 컸던 점으로 미루어 세균이 팽화왕겨의 부숙에 있어서 중요한 역할을 감당하는 것으로 생각된다. 2) 방선균수는 각처리 모두 처리후 기간이 경과할수록 균수의 증가가 뚜렷하였으며 미강첨가량이 적은 처리구인 A20과 C35처리가 상대적으로 균수가 증대하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 사상균수는 C/N율 조절량 보다는 미강의 첨가량에 의해 더욱 크게 영향 받는 것으로 나타나 미강 10%첨가구에서 균수의 증가가 컸다. 이들 처리구에서는 60일 까지도 균수가 뚜렷하고도 꾸준히 증가하는 것으로 나타나 60일 이후로도 부숙이 진행될수 있을 것으로 추정된 정되었다. 4. 부숙된 팽화왕겨의 색갈에 관해서는 수치화 할 수 없었으나 처리 60일후 건조기에서 건조한 후 색갈을 비교하면 무처리에서 오히려 검은 색을 나타내어 색의 짙고 옅음이 부숙의 정도를 나타내는 지표가 될 수 없는 것으로 생각되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2001

The uneven distribution of acidic and basic chitinases in different parts of rice seed, and also the characterization of hull-specific chitinases, are reported here. After extraction of chitinases from polished rice, bran, and rice hulls, the chitinases were separated into acidic and basic fractions, according to their behavior on an anion exchanger column. Both fractions from different parts of rice seed showed characteristic activity bands on SDS-PAGE that contained 0.01% glycol chitin. The basic chitinases from rice hulls were further purified using chitin affinity chromatography. The chitinase, specific to rice hulls (RHBC), was 88-fold purified with a 1.3% yield. RHBC has an apparent molecular weight of 22.2 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature were 4.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. With [$^3H$]chitin as a substrate, RHBC has $V_{max}$ of 13.51 mg/mg protein/hr and $K_m$ of 1.36 mg/ml. This enzyme was an endochitinase devoid of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, lysozyme, and chitosanase activities.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 팽연화왕겨를 이용한 토마토 양액재배시 높은 근권 pH를 적정 수준으로 유지학 위해 공급배양액의 pH를 낮추는 방안과 배지 내에 pH 3.0∼4.0 수준의 sphagnum peatmoss를 혼합하는 두 가지 방법을 시도하였다. 급액 pH를 낮추는 방법은 근권 pH의 경시적 변화가 매우 커서 뿌리에 장해가 있는 것으로 판단되며, 유의성은 없으나 수량이 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Spagnunm peatmoss를 혼합하는 방법은 10%(v/v) 혼합처리에서 안정적인 pH 수준이 생육 전기간에 걸쳐 유지되었으며 수분 특성 개선 등의 부수적인 효과가 있어 유의성 있는 증수 효과를 보여 팽연화왕결르 이용한 양액재배시 높은 근권 pH의 문제는 sphagnum peatmoss를 10%(v/v) 혼합하는 처리로 해결할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.93-104
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• 2000

Rivers of our country are in the serious state of water pollution because of sewages, factory wastes, domestic animal excreta, and so forth. The development of waste water treatment technology applied in a small-scaled farm is urgent because the government regulation becomes strict. In the present study, four types of solid fuels are made by blending domestic animal excreta, rice hulls and briquets, and its combustion characteristics is investigated by analyzing burning pictures. Domestic animal excreta sampled from a farm in Kimhae was dried with sunlight. From experimental results, it is shown that combustion characteristics of solid fuels becomes better by blending rice hulls which have superior ignitability. Since solid fuel made by blending domestic animal excreta with rice hulls can bum continuously, it can be appropriate for the heating fuels.