• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)-damaged grains of rice on seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. As comparing the seed lots of same cultivar 'Hopum' with different PHS percentages, seed lot with 8% PHS (high PHS percentage) showed 30% lower germination than that with 1% PHS (low PHS percentage). The difference of seedling emergence rate and seed viability percentages between the two seed lots was consistent with that of germination percentage. PHS-damaged brown rice was observed protruded embryo, discolored endosperm and fungi infected grains. PHS grains were classified into two groups, PHS-I showing endosperm discoloration in one third of a grain and PHS-II in more than half of a grain. The seed lot with high PHS percentage had much more PHS-II grains than that of low PHS percentage. PHS-II grains showed remarkably lower germination percentage than PHS-I grains and got severely moldy during germination test. In laboratory experiment, morphological changes and re-germination ability of seeds which dried after germination by soaking were tested. Sprouted seeds of 3mm shoot length showed half discolored endosperm and had a strong resemblance with PHS-II grains. Re-germination percentage of 3mm sprouted seeds sharply decreased than 2 mm sprouted seeds. Sprouted seeds which were treated for accelerated-aging (AA) for 24hr at $45^{\circ}C$ were significantly reduced in re-germination percentage compared to that of non-AA-treated sprouted seeds. These results indicate that PHS with over 3mm shoot length can severely damage not only grain appearance but also seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. Therefore, we conclude that larger difference of germination percentage or seedling emergence rate between seed lots having smaller difference of PHS percentage might be caused by accelerated seed deterioration in PHS-damaged rice grains.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2011

A chemical, MNU-induced hulless barley mutant line designated as 'Mutant 98 (M98)' was developed from a Korean hulless waxy barley cultivar, 'Chalssalbori'. The objective of the study was to determine the genetic basis of 'M98' and the possibility of using 'M98' as breeding parent to improve lysine level. Compared to 'Chalssalbori', 'M98' had large embryo and higher lysine content in both the embryo and endosperm. Significantly different lysine content in 'M98' and the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks was observed for two years. However, the genotype by year interaction was not significant. 'M98' was higher than the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks in the percentage of lysine of total amino acid composition (0.75%). The trait of shrunken endosperm of 'M98', which was typical in the high-lysine mutants, was inherited by a single recessive gene. Based on seed morphology and lysine content of $F_1$ seeds, 'M98' had a genetically different gene from the other high-lysine mutants for shrunken endosperm. Segregation of $F_2$ for plump/shrunken endosperm did not fit the expected ratio of Mendelian inheritance except for only one cross combination (GSHO1784 (lys1)/M98). The amino acid analysis of $F_5$ and $F_6$ progenies from the cross between 'M98' and 'Chalssalbori' revealed that the attempt to increase the range of lysine content of plump lines did not go beyond the limit of the average high-lysine barley germplasm.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2020

The Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical root crop, originally from Amazonia, that provides the staple food of an estimated 800 million people worldwide. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which also includes rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Among tropical crops, rice, sugarcane, maize and cassava are the most important sources of calories for human consumption. Problems in the propagation of cassava are virus diseases and low rates of seed germination. So we tried to optimize protocols for mass production of somatic embryo amenable to large-scale vegetative propagation of Cassava. After in vitro eight-week culture of leaves of Cassava, the medium which contained the 2,4-D, BAP and IBA showed the highest callus induction rate, embryogenesis callus formation rate and somatic embryo formation in Cassava culture. In the medium with GA₃ and myo-inositol, shoots were most vigorously regenerated from somatic embryos of Cassava. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of plantlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1979

The fertilizations of cv Palkweng, Noupoung, and TN 1 which were crossed artificially at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ were examined. The meiosis and the rate of maturity of the above 3 cultivars, Iri #326, Milyang #29, Suwon #264, and 3 others which were transplated at different times in paddy field were examined, and the results of which were as follows. 1. Palkweng at 3$0^{\circ}C$ was fertilized within 1.5~4.0 hours ,after pollination and at 20\circ C was done within 2.8~4.5 hours after pollination. 2. Noupoung and TNI at 3$0^{\circ}C$ were fertilized within 2.0~5.5 hours after pollination and at 2$0^{\circ}C$ were done within 3.0~6.0 hours after pollination. 3. The rates of fertilization of the cultivated rice plants at 2$0^{\circ}C$ were dropped in general. TN 1 at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was often fertilized abnormally. 4. In the development of embryo, Palkweng was the earliest at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and TN 1 was the earliest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. 5. Although the time of transplant was late, the pollens of Palkweng was normal because the meiosis of that was normal. but the pollens of TNI was sterile in general because of the abnormal meiosis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 배아미, 현미, 가능성쌀들 및 진공을 요하는 식품의 품질을 보존하기 위해서 연속식 자동진공포장기를 국내 최초로 개발하였다. 배아미의 진공포장 성공률은 92.6%이었고, 실패율 7.4%에서 진공포장기 자체에서 불완전 테이핑의 밀봉작업으로 진공이 서서히 풀리는 경우가 5.5%, 그리고 진공하기 전 자동비닐포장기에서 포장시 봉지 윗부분 밀봉이 불완전해 1.9%가 진공이 풀렸다. 이에 개발한 자동진공포장기의 진공포장성공률은 약 94.5%수준이었다. 진공포장기로 진공시간에 따른 진공압력을 측정하였고, 배아미 2, 3, 5 kg를 진공포장하는데 소요되는 시간은 각각 6, 8, 11초이었다. 진공포장으로 처리한 배아미와 진공포장 처리하지 않은 배아미를 각각 3재월간 저장실험하여 백도, 함수율, 과산화물가, 산가를 저장기간별로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 백도는 진공처리가 2 감소, 비처리가 4 감소하였고, 함수율은 진공처리가 0.8%감소, 비처리가 1.3%감소, 과산화물가는 진공처리가 최대 1.89 meq/kg까지 서서히 증가하였고, 비처리가 3.45 meq/kg까지 급속히 증가하였다가 서서히 감소하였다. 산가 역시 진공처리가 최대 0.71 mg/g까지 서서히 증가하였고, 비처리의 경우는 0.98 mg/g까지 급속히 증가하였다. 그리고 현미의 진공포장에서도 산가 및 과산화물가 변화가 배아미 경우와 비슷하였다. 또한 진공포장 제품에 인위적으로 쌀벌레들을 넣은 경우 15일 지나면 산소부족으로 모두 사멸하였다. 따라서 개발한 진공포장기로 진공포장한 경우 배아미 및 현미의 품질을 잘 보존할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

Caffeic acid is a kind of phytochemicals occurred in coffee, which is worked as a carcinogenesis restrainer and antioxidants on the human body. In this study, as one type of caffeic acid derivatives, methoxypolyethylene glycol caffeate(MPC) was synthesized by the esterification between caffeic acid and methoxypolyethylene glycol with N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, 4-dimethylamino pyridine. The synthesized product was confirmed by using FT-IR and $^1H$-NMR, thin-layer chromatography. And these compound was investigated as antioxidant, Tyrosinase hindrance and skin moisturizers. In the free radical scavenging study, antioxidant effect of MPC was averagely high than the red ginseng extract that be used as a natural antioxidants. The result of Tyrosinase anti-activity test was better than embryo bud of rice extract at low concentration. At the iNOS anti-activity tested by using Raw 264.7 cell, and confirmed anti-inflammatory function. For the MPC handled with sodium lauryl sulfate, was tested for the skin moisture content and skin moisture loss.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.311-311
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• 2010

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2014

This research was implemented to investigate pre-harvest sprouting characteristics in two Korean rice cultivars, Shindongjin (SDJ) and Hopum (HP). The panicles of both varieties were sampled after 15 days after heading (DAH) to 60 DAH at intervals of 5 days. As soon as sampled, the panicles were imbibed in water for 14 days at $25^{\circ}C$ to determine the vigor and germination ability of seeds according to location on panicle. To investigate the cause of non-germination of seeds in panicles, tetrazolium test and dormancy breaking were performed. The preharvest sprouting of HP started at 20 DAH while that of SDJ began at 30 DAH. The germination of seeds located in high rank branches within a panicle and the terminal seeds within a branch were earlier and faster and the germination patterns were same in both cultivars. The times at more than 50% of germination in a panicle were 35 DAH (57.0%) in HP and 45 DAH (56.8%) in SDJ. Preharvest sprouting was more than 80% at 50 DAH (82.6% of HP, 92.3% of SDJ) and more than 99% at 60 DAH (99.5%, 99.4%, HP and SDJ). These results indicated that the rate of PHS in a panicle increased with accumulation of the days after heading. The cause of non-germinated seeds at 15-25 DAH in panicle was immature embryo. After 30 DAH, however, when the non-germinated seeds were hulled, they started to germinate due to dormancy breaking, in which the germination percentage was higher in SDJ than HP. In conclusion, the pre-harvest sprouting varied according to days after heading, the seed position on panicle, and the dormancy intensity of varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 2007

Early growth vigor(EGV) is one of the physiological characteristics that may contribute to the increase of genetic yield potential and radiation use efficiency by closing the canopy earlier. To estimate the genotypic variation of EGV, determine the relationships among the related traits, and identify the rapidly growing genotypes and indirect indicator for selection in breeding program, the evaluation of EGV and EGV-related traits was conducted for a total of 140 rice varieties consisting of 101 Korean, 25 Northern China and 14 IRRI-bred rice varieties in a serial sowing experiment in plastic rain shelter and plastic-covered nursery bed in 2003. EGV defined as the amount of leaf area and/or dry weight produced early in the season and the EGV-related traits such as length and breadth of the $2^{nd}\;and\;3^{rd}$ leaves showed highly significant positive correlation with the embryo and seed weight. Especially, the genotypic variation in the length of the third leaf was explained over 90% of genotypic variation in the seed weight. Owing to a large effect of seed size on EGV and its related traits, vigor measurements were adjusted based on their linear or exponential relationships with seed weight for excluding the seed weight effect. EGV and its related-traits adjusted for seed weight also showed big variation among genotypes. Increased EGV was genetically correlated with increases in breadth and length of early leaves. The broad-sense heritability for EGV was significantly high(81%), but lower than those of leaf breadth(90% for the $2^{nd}$ leaf and 93% for the $3^{rd}$ leaf) and length(87% for the $2^{nd}$ leaf and 89% for the $3^{rd}$ leaf). Significantly positive genetic correlations were found between EGV and the breadth and length of early leaves. The high heritability of early leaf breadth and length coupled with their strong genetic correlation with EGV indicated that the breadth and length of the $2^{nd}\;and\;3^{rd}$ leaf would be used as good indirect indicators for EGV selection in rice breeding program.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.365-368
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• 2003

Variations of agronomic traits were evaluated on the progenies of regenerated rice plants of different callus origin and subculture period. From eighty-eight percent to ninety percents of ovary culture-derived plants (OCP) and anther culture-derived plants (ACP) were not segregated within the lines in major agronomic characters. Compare to ACP and OCP lines, the seed culture derived lines (SCP) showed more segregation (17％) in major agronomic traits among the lines. The most frequent segregating traits were grain fertility (6.1％) in ACP, leaf color (4.2％) in OCP and grain fertility (4.9％) and leaf color (4.9％) in SCP lines. The SCP line showed more variation in culm length, panicle length and heading date than those of OCP and ACP lines. The variation of agronomic traits in SCP lines was tended to increase with prolonged subculture. Culm and panicle length were shorter than those of original cultivar in all three types of tissue culture-derived lines (OCP, ACP and SCP).