• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.573-581
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the association of nutrients intake with sugar-containing food consumption of elementary school students in Daegu-Kyungpook area. We analyzed the dietary information from 164 elementary school students (82 boys, 82 girls) participated in "Dietary Intake Survey of Infants, Children and Adolescents" conducted by Korea Food & Drug Administration and Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Information on habitual dietary intake of sugar-containing foods was collected by food frequency questionnaires. Daily nutrients intake of each subject was calculated from 24-hour recall data for two non-consecutive days. As a result of average daily intake of major foods of elementary school students was analyzed from 1 to 50 ranking that show up higher ranking of white milk and white rice but include many kind of sugar-containing food. Dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, Ca, P, Fe and riboflavin were significantly lower for girls with higher sugar-containing food frequency scores. Significantly negative associations between Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ) and sugar-containing food frequency scores were observed for calcium (r = -0.34) and iron (r = -0.32) among girls. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) was significantly lower for girls with higher sugar-containing food frequency scores (r = -0.26). Our results indicated that nutrition education for elementary school students should focus on the importance of reducing the sugarcontaining food consumption with more attention for girls.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.81-95
• /
• 2006

This study was made to find out how stress affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen who were experiencing physical growth and development as well as drastic emotional change. 400 male and female freshmen in 4 year colleges were surveyed respectively through the health check-up procedure for college entrance in February, In order to find out the stress in each group frustration, deprivation, lack of self efficacy, type A behavior and anxiety response were surveyed through 10 questions with total 40 points by assigning 4 points for each question. Diet Status was expressed by DDS (Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS(Dietary Variety Score). 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily nutrient of EAR(estimated adquacy ratio) by KDRIs(Korean Dietary Recommended Intakes). Nutrition level was analyzed by Can-Pro for professionals (Korea Nutrition Association). And for the quality intake, percentage was calculated and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were produced. Highest point was obtained in the stress of anxiety with the total 40 score of 30.20, and the scores were 29.79, 28.67, and 28.39 for deprivation, type A behavior and frustration respectively. There was no difference of blood components in accordance with stress type. Stress type was divided into less sensitive group and highly sensitive one and the relationship with the blood nutrient status was observed. The difference of blood component and blood pressure in sensitive and highly sensitive groups was observed in deprivation and anxiety. The index of blood pressure(p<0.05), hemoglobin(p<0.01), HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05), and Fe(p<0.05) was high in the deprivation of sensitive group. Blood pressure and hemoglobin was high in type A of sensitive group(p<0.05). And the contents of blood triglyceride was high in the anxiety of sensitive group(p<0.001) The result of nutrition intake analysis according to stress type showed that there was low intake for energy, riboflavin, and niacin. When the degree of deprivation was high there was a lack of riboflavin intake and there was no significant difference of nutrition intake in lack of self efficacy, type A behavior and anxiety response. Thus, it is necessary for colleges to educate the students to maintain mental stability through various programs and activities after catching a kind and extent of the stress college students we meeting with like the confusion of value system, open heterosexual relationship, and the employment difficulties linked with political uncertainty and economic recession.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.131-142
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the body composition, dietary habits, daily intake of nutrients and clinical blood indices in female college students by body mass index of normal weight, overweight and obese. The subjects of this research were 141 respondents of a survey carried out on students, and subjects were given 60 minutes to answer questionnaires, by recording their own answers. The average heights and weights of subjects by BMI were 162.17 cm, 52.73 kg in normal weight group, 162.35 cm, 62.22 kg in overweight group and 161.72 cm, 69.82 kg in obesity group, respectively. As for the survey daily of meals, starving breakfast and kind of snacks of subjects were significantly different among the groups by BMI. In animal protein food intakes, meat intake was the highest 'every day' food consumed by subjects, and there was a significant difference in distribution of BMI among subjects. Fruits, and greenish and yellow vegetables intakes were the highest 'every day' foods indicated by the normal weight group. Consumption of carbonated beverages and juices showed a significant difference among groups by BMI. The average of total-cholesterol was the overweight group was the higher value. There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure among the groups by BMI. Average daily calories intake levels were insufficient and the intake ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat was the normal weight group 68 : 17 : 15, the overweight group 64 : 18 : 18 and the obese group 73 : 14 : 13. Results of the daily vitamin intake analyses displayed riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and folic acid levels lower than the RI levels. Fe intake was the normal weight group 81%, overweight group 76%, obese group 59% of the RI level. Therefore, it is necessary for college students to establish regular meals, good quality snacks and consuming more vitamin and mineral nutritions for optimal health conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1968

According to the dietary surveys and national food balance sheets, the dietary state of person living in Korea is ingesting a high level of grain and vegetable diet and very low animal sources. The daily calory intake is about 2,300-2,600 Cal. per head in which a total protein intake is 69-86 gm respectively. These data indicate no shortage of calory and total protein intake. However, the intake of animal protein is only 4-11 gm and the fat is 8-18 gm, both of which are far below the requirment. The low fat intake brings about a low level of fat soluble vitamins, and that V-A intake is as short as the half amount of the allowance. Riboflavine is also about a half of dietary requirment. Both thiamin and ascorbic acid intake are sufficient. The calcium intake is 0.26-0.5 gm per day which is inadequate. In fact, biochemical findings through field survey show; serum protein 6.7 gm, hemoglobin 13.1 gm and hematocrite 41.5% all of which are lower than the Kwon's report. The serum V-A and uunrinary riboflavin value are also lower than the Williams'es report. Clinically, inflamation of the eyes, cheilosis, pathological signs of tangue, xerosis of the hand and arm, or the like are frequently seen. On the other hand, there is no suitable diet available for the weaning infant and delayed weaning is a common practice. A school lunch program is still in an early stage of development. Another example can be cited that the Korean infant grows faster than the Japanese until one year of age, and no difference is noted between the Korean and the American infants up to six monthes of age, thereafter the former lags in the growth rate. This might be mainly due to the nutritional reasons as mentioned above, and in part due to the high inidence of intestinal parasitism and others.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze specific foods influencing absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake among Korean preschoolers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 2,766 participants aged 1-5 years in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a 24-h dietary recall method. Major food sources of absolute nutrient intake were evaluated based on percent contribution of each food. To assess the contribution of specific foods to between-person variations in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regressions were performed and cumulative $R^2$ was used. RESULTS: White rice and milk were main food sources of energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. The percentage of fat contributed by milk was 21.3% which was the highest, followed by pork, soybean oil, and egg. White rice accounted for 25% and 40% of total variability in total energy and carbohydrate intakes, respectively. About 39% of variation in calcium intake was explained by milk while 40% of variation in phosphorous intake was explained by cheese. The top 10 foods contributing to between-person variations in nutrient intakes were similar with food items that mainly contributed to absolute nutrient intakes. The number of foods explaining 90% of absolute amounts of nutrient intakes varied from 28 for vitamin A to 80 for iron. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified specific foods that contributed to absolute nutrient intakes and between-person variations in nutrient intakes among Korean preschoolers. Our findings can be used to develop dietary assessment tools and establish food-based dietary guidelines for young children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.183-185
• /
• 1969

Following the previous report (Part I: For Sea-divers and Hwa-Jeon-Min) authers have conducted another nutrition survey for Buddhists (male and female) in a temple 'Soo Duk Sa' locating in ChungNam province. The following results were obtained: 1. Cereals, green vegetables and potatoes were staple foods for the Buddhists (male and female) and no any animal foods were eaten by them during the survey period. 2. Carbohydrate intake was very high and the calorie derived from it occupied approximately 80% of tatal calorie intaken. 3. All the nutrients except carotene, niacin and iron are low in their amounts of intake. Especially, protein and riboflavin intakes are low. 4. Buddhists are prohibited to eat animal foods. Therefore, nutrition education and guidance are needed for them to supplement the protein and some other problems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 1997

To evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional supplements for cancer patients, the study was performed in 30 cncer patients, receiving chemotherapy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups -15 patients for the nutritionally supplemented group and 15 patients for the control group. Patients of the supplemented group were nutritionally supported with a commercial product for 9 weeks. Nutritional status of the patients was detrmined by dietary intake data, anthropometric measurements and hematological analysis at the beginning and after 3, 6 and 9 weeks of supplemental priod. Mean daily intake levels of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and asorbic acid for the supplemented group were significantly higher than those of control group. Significant increase in mid-arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and arm fat area were observed in supplemented group during the study period. However, the changes of body weight, body mass index and arm muscle area were not significantly increased. Serum transferrin level improved slightly by nutritioal support, but serum albumin levle did not change significantly. There data show that nutritional status of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy can be improved by utritional supplementation for 9 weeks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of various dietary methods. Dietary intake of 24 patients on regular diet was investigated by three methods. One method was a precise weighing method, the others were 24-hour dietary recall method and convenient dietary questionnaries. The results obtained are summarized as followes ; 1) There were no significant differences in mean nutrient intake of subjects among three dietary survey methods. 2) The validity coefficient between the precise weighing method and 24-hour recall method, ranging from 0.26(fat) to 0.59(carbohydrate) showed significant correlation for carbohydrate, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic and intakes. 3) The validity coefficient between precise weighting method and covenient dietary questionnaires, ranging from 0.14(fat) to 0.80(vitamin A), showed a significant correlation for most nutrients. 4) Female showed higher correlation between the precise weighing method and 24-hour recall method than male subjects for most nutrients. However, there was no significant sexual difference of correlation between weighing method and convenient method. 5) The correlation coefficient between the precise weighing method and the other two methods by age group showed younger sujbects have a higher significant correlation than older subjects for most nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 2007~2010년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 40세 이상 남녀 중 건강설문조사, 구강검진 및 영양조사 자료가 모두 존재하는 1,690명을 대상으로 한국인에게 부족한 영양소인 칼슘 및 리보플라빈, 그리고 칼슘과 리보플라빈의 주요급원식품인 우유 및 유제품 섭취량과 치주염과의 연관성을 파악하고자 하였다. 통계분석은 SAS 9.3 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였고, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 인구 사회학적, 건강 관련, 신체계측 변수와 치주질환과의 상관성을 분석한 결과 여성의 경우 연령대가 높을수록 (p < 0.0001) 치주염 유병률이 높았으며, 치주염군에서 평균연령 (p < 0.0001)과 체질량지수 (p < 0.0001)가 높았으나 남성의 경우 이와 같은 차이가 없었다. 남녀 모두 교육수준이 낮을수록 (p < 0.0001), 월평균 소득수준이 낮을수록 (남성 p < 0.0001, 여성 p = 0.0044) 비흡연자에 비해 흡연자에서 (남성 p < 0.0001, 여성 p = 0.0180) 치주질환 유병률이 높았으며, 음주횟수가 많을수록 (남성 p = 0.0036, 여성 p = 0.0075) 치주질환 유병률이 높았다. 2) 남성의 경우 정상군에 비해 치주염군에서 우유 및 유제품, 칼슘 및 리보플라빈 섭취량이 낮았다. 연령, 체질량지수, 에너지 섭취량, 소득수준, 흡연상태, 음주정도의 교란변수 보정 후 우유 및 유제품 섭취를 안했을 경우에 비해 섭취하였을 경우 치주염 유병률이 감소하였으나 (p = 0.0396), 칼슘 섭취량과 치주염 유병률 간의 연관성은 유의하지 않았다 (P-trend = 0.3504). 반면 리보플라빈 섭취량의 1사분위에 비해 3사분위에서 치주염에 이환될 확률이 2.91배 감소 (OR: 0.344, 95% CI: 0.153-0.773)하였으나 섭취량 증가에 따른 치주염 간의 상관성은 일관되게 나타나지 않았으며 (P-trend = 0.0855) 리보플라빈 섭취량을 한국인 영양섭취기준의 해당 성, 연령별 권장 섭취량 기준으로 미만 섭취하였을 경우보다 이상 섭취한 경우 치주염 유병 가능성이 1.87배 감소하였다 (OR: 0.535, 95% CI: 0.300-0.954). 여성의 경우 정상군에 비해 치주염군에서 리보플라빈 섭취량이 낮게 나타났으나 (p = 0.0067) 두 군간 우유 및 유제품, 칼슘 섭취량과는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 섭취량과 치주염 유병률 간의 연관성 분석결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 남성의 경우 우유 및 유제품, 리보플라빈 섭취량과 치주염과의 밀접한 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이에 따라 개별적인 구강위생관리와 함께 식이섭취의 중요성을 강조하여 치주염 예방 관리를 권고할 것을 제언한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutrition education and personalized lunch service program in a senior welfare center. A total of 30 elderly (14 males, 16 females) aged 62~89 years participated in this study. Nutrition education lessons (2 hour/lesson/week) were provided for 4 weeks. Also, ten weeks from week 3rd to week 12th, personalized lunch providing 1/3 personal needed energy was served 5 times for a week. After the nutrition intervention program, we compared anthropometric characteristics, blood biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake using 24 hr recall with those before the intervention. The body weight (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were decreased. There were significant increases in score of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.01) and consumption of milk & milk products for snacks. There was a positive effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) showing significant decreases in portion of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Also, serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), riboflavin (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.05) were positively improved. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and intakes of vitamin C (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p < 0.05), Ca (p < 0.01) and Fe (p < 0.05) were increased. In conclusion, this nutrition education and lunch service program providing 1/3 personal needed energy can be used to develop and implement a tailored nutritional intervention programs in the setting of a community senior welfare center to improve health and nutritional status of Korean elderly.