• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.779-788
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• 2020

Commercial banks play an important role as the main source of funding in the transition process of Vietnam as a market economy. As a result, enhancing the efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese banks can decrease the lending cost for individuals and enterprises. This study is to measure and analyze the productivity change of Vietnamese banking system in different ownership cohorts and sources of this change during the period of restructuring (2011-2019). The Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity index is utilised to measure the productivity change and to identify the sources of this change. For an empirical analysis, the data of 28 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2011 to 2018 is collected from their financial statements including balance sheets and income statements. The results show an increase of Vietnamese bank productivity due to the technological progress. While foreign and joint-venture banks are the most advanced cohort, state-owned banks have the lowest rate of productivity growth. The restructuring program negatively impacts scale efficiency and this measure attributes to a decline in the overall efficiency of the banks. We also found that state-owned commercial banks are the most efficient group in the sense that they can achieve the maximal level of revenue from a given amount of expense.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.267-283
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• 2019

This study analyzes how the port connectivity network has changed with the restructuring of the liner shipping alliance and explores the impact of these changes on network characteristics using social network analysis (SNA). While due to economies of scale, the scale of ports and liner shipping has expanded, the goal of shipping companies has changed to achieve cost-effectiveness due to the diseconomies of scale. Such changes in the environment have greatly affected ports according to the strategies of major liner alliances, and port centrality has shifted in response to restructuring in strategic alliances. This research confirmed that port centrality has continuously changed, and the reason for this phenomenon was analyzed through the derived main network centrality indices. This finding provides significant implications for port authorities and terminal operators to consider different perspectives when planning for sustainable growth and management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.235-247
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• 2021

The objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between ICT application and labor productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing firms and connect it with the context of economic restructuring in Vietnam. The study uses data of 3,428 manufacturing firms from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam and regression models. In addition to the general model, the study also runs the models for sub-samples of firms of different production technology levels. Research results show two main points. First, information technology can enhance the labor productivity of Vietnamese manufacturing firms. This is true for both ICT hardware applications, ICT services, ICT software solutions, and employees' ICT skills in firms. Second, manufacturing firms with higher levels of production technology use ICT more effectively and achieve a higher impact on labor productivity. The results confirm that the Vietnamese government can stimulate ICT application and digital transformation in firms, thereby increasing labor productivity and promoting economic restructuring in the direction of shifting from agriculture to industry and from low-tech industries to high-tech ones. The results also provide implications for business managers and policymakers in other developing countries who are adopting the digital economy as a development strategy.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.147-163
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the restructuring strategy for five provincial hospitals through the business analysis and survey of the service area. Through the survey of the service area of 5 hospitals. service area was classified into three groups, such as underserved area, adequate area, and overserved area. The strategy for the restructuring the clinical departments was set up based on the result of the business analysis and characteristics of the service area. The result of the study was as follows; 1) Whether or not a provincial hospital has specialized in specific area according to the circumstances and the needs of the community was the major factor influencing on the operating result of the hospital. 2) Provincial hospitals at the underserved area has to invest according to the changes of the occupancy rate and increasing pattern of the number of patients while maintaining the status as a general hospital. 3) Provincial hospitals at the adequate area has to lower the grade from the general hospital down to the hospital first and has to upgrade the competency through the restructuring the clinical departments and investment in specific area. 4) Provincial hospitals at the overserved area has to lower the grade from the general hospital down to the hospital first and has to seek ways to change the hospital fundamentally into geriatric hospital, pneumoconiosis hospital or psychiatric hospital etc. Provincial hospitals incapable to compete with private hospitals and clinics has to lower the grade from the general hospital down to the hospital first, to specialize in specific area and to restructure some clinical departments into rental base or self-operating basis. In case such methods are judged not so good solution, provincial hospitals has to find out ways such as shut-down of several departments or operating under the attending system.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2015

An organization must restructure itself once it makes outsourcing decisions. Outsourcing is a strategy that a company adopts to direct internal efforts into strengthening its core business processes while contracting other companies for strategically less critical tasks thereby improving organizational production efficiency, and the strategy inevitably involves organizational restructuring. While public service organizations have increasingly embraced outsourcing as well, only a handful of studies analyze the change in efficiency from organizational restructuring. Therefore, this study uses Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to test whether efficiency improved in Korea Expressway Corporation's restructured branch offices. Korea Expressway Corporation evaluated and grouped its branches based on road extensions management, traffic volume, the number of snow days, road deterioration, and the number of junctions to differentially allocate its personnel and budget. The extent of efficiency improvement in each group was compared, and results show that inefficiency did not exist in any of the groups. The efficiency index among the three group categories was similar across the board; 9 offices in the A-group with its expanded personnel and budget had an efficiency index of 0.954, 12 offices in the B-group with unchanged personnel and budget conditions had an index of 0.950, and 12 offices in the C-group with reduced personnel and budget had an index of 0.937. SFA facilitates efficiency analyses because it does not require pre-restructuring data. This study is easy to apply in practice and empirically tests efficiency improvement in organizational restructuring based on data collected from all the branch offices in Korea Expressway Corporation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.175-195
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• 1997

This study attempts to understand new immigrants' socio-economic adaptation by linking them with the restructuring economies in large US metropolitan areas. Selecting Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Atlanta, we examine the industrial distribution of employed Hispanic and Asian immigrant groups with respect to the industrial change experienced between 1980 and 1990, and residential concentration represented by higher location quotients. The findings are that new immigrant groups are employed in overall industrial sectors close to that of total population and their large residential concentrations are displayed near downtown as well as outlying areas. These suggest that new immigrant groups experience different socio-economic adaptation from those generalized in the previous European immigrants, concentrated in manufacturing sector and near downtown area. This study proposes that divergent economic restructuring across metropolitan areas and new immigrants' backgrounds should be considered for better understanding of immigrants' economic adaptation in the current economic restructuring and its spatial manifestation in the US contexts.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2003

The purposes of this paper are to analysis the characteristics of urban structure and to provide the strategies of urban restructuring in Incheon. While old urban center has tended to decline, urban central functions have concentrated towards new suburban centers, outer regions of Incheon. The urbanization of Incheon to outer regions is continuing, together with the population growth. The basic directions of urban restructuring are the formation of network urban structure, the establishment of development designation district, the formation of development, and axises for urban regeneration. It is also suggested that the systematic strategies of urban restructuring need to consider the district development for globalization, the formation of new growth pole and development axises, the establishment of special theme street, and development to network city for global city.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2010

This research studies the shipping industry rationalization of 1984 and the 2009 shipping industry restructuring and policy to raise competitiveness. According to this research the operation of the two policies showed significant difference in the enforcer, aim and policy contents. In 1984, under government initiative, M&A of shipping companies was accomplished but in 2009 restructuring of shipping companies is being pushed ahead by the group of creditors. The use of different policies, M&A of shipping companies and restructuring of insolvent shipping companies, as solutions in a crisis shows different characteristics. The act of shipping industry rationalization in 1984 was proposed on the very basic and aggressive aim and targeted to improve Korea's shipping industry structure. On the other hand, the 2009 policy of the restructuring of the shipping companies and improving competitiveness was based on the protective concept. This policy aimed for a prevention of bankruptcy of the shipping companies and hence preserve the shipping industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2020

The need for communication is emphasized in decision making, design methods and processes for the educational environment that contain new curricula and learning methods. In this study, we tried to find the direction and agenda of learner-centered environment restructuring through the 'user-integrated platform' in which various subjects related to school space environment understand each other's position and overcome the barriers and prejudices of each sector. The project was planned in a 'bottom-up process' method that uncovered the singularities of the previous stage and led the main contents of the next stage. The various subjects who participated in the project shared their own experiences and different positions regarding the school space. At the workshop, the topics of the participating teams were divided into two categories. The teams in the category of the 'school culture and space' insisted innovation of 'the school culture' as a premise for the restructuring of the 'school space', and proposed schools with different interpretations of 'authority and rules of school', 'the meaning of learning and play' and 'the main character of school. The teams in the category of the 'school borders and spaces' focused on 'communication' and proposed schools containing 'emotional care of students', 'borders between schools and villages', 'village community schools', and 'interspace and niche time'. After the workshop, we were able to derive the direction and architectural strategy of the school space restructuring by analyzing the works of the participants. Through this study, we confirmed the possibility of translating user's ideas into the professional domain through careful planning, preparation, facilitation, and analysis in Participatory Design.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-40
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• 2000

This study aims at proposing a direction of improving the efficiency in Korean information technology(IT) industry. In the face of re-engineering which has been done in most industries, it is very important to assess the validity of their restructuring or M&A based on the future efficiency. At first, by using the DEA/WINDOW, we will evaluate how the 30 firms are efficient for outputting their performance with respect to the profit realization and market ability. Then, in order to propose the direction of the efficiency improvement and suitable restructuring strategy, we will clarify how the efficiency of IT firms depends on their firm size. Finally, we will analyze their 'economy of scale' and also reveal how their economy of scale depends on the firm size based on return-to-scale(RTS).