• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2012

Design factors such as design objects establishment, analysis, synthesis, production, test and evaluation should be educated in a systematic way. Also design ability to reflect practical restrictive conditions such as industrial standards, economic feasibility, environmental impact, aesthetics, safety and reliability, ethical impacts and social impacts should be cultivated. In this paper, we explain the meaning of these terms and propose a systematic engineering design education framework satisfying Korean engineering education accreditation criteria. We also present a simple implementation in information network engineering.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2003

본 논문은 영역을 병합할 때 두 영역의 색상 차를 영역 병합의 제한 조건으로 사용하는 칼라영상 분할 기법을 제안하였다. 이는 먼저 영역의 경제전 정보를 잘 보존하기 위해서 RGB 공간상에서 수리형태학 필터와 변형된 워터쉐드 알고리즘을 이용하여 켤라 영상을 과분할한다. 그리고 영역간의 색상 차를 영역 병합의 제한 조건으로 사용하는 영역 병합 과정을 반복 수행하여 칼라 영상의 분할 결과를 얻는다. 이는 인간 시각 시스템이 색상, 채도, 명도의 형태로 색을 구분하는 것을 기반으로 한다. 명도가 낮지 않는 경우에 색차 보다 색상 차가 중요한 요소로 작용하기 때문에 이를 영역 병합의 제한 조건으로 사용한다. 실험 결과에서 제안된 칼라영상 분할 기법은 다양한 칼라영상에 대하여 미리 설정된 재수의 영역으로 효율적인 분할 결과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2013

This study investigated the relationship between school-age children's overt/covert narcissism with self-control and mothers' parenting. The subjects were 517 children in the 5th and 6th grades attending elementary schools located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regressions and SPSS Win 19.0 was used. The results were as follows: (1) School-age children's overt narcissism differed in boys and girls. However, this was not the case for covert narcissism. (2) The overt narcissism of school-age boys and girls was positively correlated with self-control. However covert narcissism was negatively correlated with self-control. (3) The active-responsive and active-restrictive parenting of mothers influenced on the overt narcissism of school-age boys, while the active-responsive parenting of mothers influenced the overt narcissism of school-age girls. Also, the active-responsive and active-restrictive parenting of mothers influenced the covert narcissism of school-age boys, while the active-responsive and passive-permissive parenting of mothers influenced the overt narcissism of school-age girls. (4) The active-restrictive parenting of mothers was the most powerful factor in the overt/covert narcissism of school-age boys and the covert narcissism of school-age girls.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.180-194
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• 2013

Objectives Impaired lung function(ILF) and sasang constitution(SC) is associated with metabolic syndrome(MS). However, the relationship between ILF and SC is unclear. So, we assessed the relationship between ILF and MS according to SC, and examined whether SC is an independent risk factor for ILF. Methods This study included 1,148 subjects 40years and older who were performed the health examination at Kyung Hee University Hospital in Korea between December 2011 and February 2013. We defined ILF if FVC or $FEV_1$ value were less than lower limit of normal(LLN), and classified ventilatory patterns as obstructive pattern and restrictive pattern. MS was assessed according to AHA/NHLBI criteria. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the association of ILF with MS respective to SC types, and to identify the risk of SC types for ILF. Odds ratio(OR) was calculated by adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, drinking, physical activity, and BMI. Results In whole subjects, ILF was associated with MS [OR (95% CI), 1.69 (1.24-2.31) for FVC, 1.67 (1.20-2.33) for $FEV_1$]. And in Taeeum type(TE type) and Soeum type(SE type), ILF was associated with MS [1.63 (1.10-2.42) for FVC, 1.48 (1.01-2.24) for $FEV_1$ in TE type; 6.93 (1.14-42.00) for FVC in SE type], while in Soyang type(SY type), it wasn't. The restrictive pattern was associated with MS in TE type and SE type, while in SY type, it wasn't. Furthermore, TE type and SY type had more risk for ILF than SE type [1.71 (1.12-2.59) for SY type, 1.95 (1.23-3.08) for TE type in FVC; 2.06 (1.26-3.36) for TE type in $FEV_1$; 1.85 (1.21-2.85) for SY type, 2.17 (1.35-3.49) for TE type in Restrictive pattern]. Conclusions These results show that SC is an independent risk factor for ILF, especially TE type and SY type than SE type, and the prevalence of MS is an independent risk factor for ILF in TE type.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2021

Purpose: The major objective of this study is to develop a model for the impact of franchisors' Gapjil (verbal·nonverbal Gapjil, abusing bargaining position, refusing transaction, false or exaggerated information, restrictive practices, unfair damage compensation) on franchisee's recontract intention. We also examine the mediating role of economic satisfaction and social satisfaction in the relationship between franchisors' Gapjil and franchisee's contract intention. Research design, data, and methodology: Data were collected from franchisee owners located nationwide in Korea. Out of 256 questionaires distributed, a total of 256 questionnaires were returned. After excluding 10 invalid respondent questionnaires, we coded and analyzed 246 valid questionnaires (effective response rate of 96.09%) using frequency, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS 22.O and SmartPLS 3.0. Results: The findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, among the Gapjil of the franchisors, restrictive practices and unfair damage compensation had negative effects on economic and social satisfaction, but verbal and nonverbal Gapjil for economic and social satisfaction was not significant. Second, abusing bargaining positions and false or exaggerated information had negative effects on social satisfaction, but for economic satisfaction, found to be insignificant. Third, economic and social satisfaction had positive effects on the franchisee's recontract intention to the franchisor. Conclusion: The following implications of this study are as follows. First, the construct of Gapjil that occurs between the franchisors and the franchisees was first presented, and the franchisors' Gapjil is divided into interpersonal Gapjil and structural Gapjil. Second, the Gapjil of the franchisors can be an important predictor variable in maintaining and developing a long-term relationship between the franchisors and the franchisees. Third, solving conflict due to the Gapjil problem between franchisors and franchisees can be an important factor for franchisors and franchisees to co-survive and thrive in Korean franchise system. Fourth, this study suggest that managing the Gapjil of the franchisors was a important antecedent factor in maintaining long-term relationship between the franchisors and the franchisees. Therefore, this study will help franchisors formulate effective symbiotic marketing strategies to satisfy relationships with franchisees and consequently enhance long-term orientation.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2008

The operating window method is a novel approach in quality improvement. But it has not received deserved attention in academic research. If a critical factor for competing failure modes can be identified, the probability of failure can be reduced by widening the operating window of this factor. Traditional SN ratio for the operating window advocated by Taguchi has a critical shortcoming, which has been derived under the assumption that failure rates are determined by the operating window factor only. A new metric for robustness is given for the operating window method, which has relaxed the restrictive assumption of Taguchi's SN ratio. And procedures for determining optimal conditions based on the new metric is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed approach over the traditional practice is tested with the aid of a wave soldering process.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2022

Norovirus (NV) is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, with the potential to develop into a fatal disease in those who are immuno-compromised, and effective vaccines and treatments are still non-existent. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the previously identified NV replication inhibitor utilizing a vinyl-stilbene backbone, AC-1858. First, we confirmed the inhibition of the NV RNA replication by a structural analog of AC-1858, AC-2288 with its exclusive cytoplasmic sub-cellular localization. We further validated the induction of one specific host factor, the phosphorylated form of heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and its increased nuclear localization by AC-1858 treatment. Finally, we verified the positive and negative impact of the siRNA-mediated downregulation and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of HSF-1 on NV RNA replication. In conclusion, these data suggest the restrictive role of the host factor HSF-1 in overall viral RNA genome replication during the NV life cycle.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.601-610
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• 2013

In [3] and [2], Atanassov introduced the two arithmetic functions $$I(n)=\prod_{p^{\alpha}{\parallel}n}\;p^{1/{\alpha}}\;and\;R(n)=\prod_{p^{\alpha}{\parallel}n}\;p^{{\alpha}-1}$$ called the irrational factor and the restrictive factor, respectively. Alkan, Ledoan, Panaitopol, and the authors explore properties of these arithmetic functions in [1], [7], [8] and [9]. In the present paper, we generalize these functions to a larger class of elements of $PSL_2(\mathbb{Z})$, and explore some of the properties of these maps.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.443-455
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• 2014

Atanassov introduced the irrational factor function and the strong restrictive factor function, which he defined as $I(n)=\displaystyle\prod_{p^{\alpha}||n}^{}p^{1/{\alpha}}$ and $R(n)=\displaystyle\prod_{p^{\alpha}||n}^{}p^{{\alpha}-1}$ in [2] and [3]. Various properties of these functions have been investigated by Alkan, Ledoan, Panaitopol, and the authors. In the prequel, we expanded these functions to a class of elements of $PSL_2(\mathbb{Z})$, and studied some of the properties of these maps. In the present paper we generalize the previous work by introducing real moments and considering a larger class of maps. This allows us to explore new properties of these arithmetic functions.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권50호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to establish a basis for assessing construct validity of measures used in organizational research. The classic Campbell and Fiske's(1959) criteria are found to be lacking in their assumptions, diagnostic information, and power. The inherent confounding of measurement error with systematic trait and method effects is a severe limitation for a proper interpretation of convergent and discriminant validity. The confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) approach overcomes most of the limitations found in Campbell and Fiske's(1959) method. However, the CFA approach confounds random error with unique variance specific to a measure. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis(SOCFA) was shown to harbor rather restrictive assumptions and is unlikely to be met in practice. The first-order, multiple-informant, multiple-item(FOMIMI) model is a viable option, but it may also be of limited use because of the large number measures.