• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.36-44
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• 2003

Objective: We have various ways in evaluating the level of low back pain as sequelae, general approaches such as neurologic examination, MRI, Radiologic examination and evaluating the effect of psychological stress on the low back pain. Besides We can find another approach to evaluating the sequale of low back pain in TA patients. So, I intend to analyze how much relationship the patients that got low back pain by TA have with Roland Morris Disability Scale(RMS) in 2 months after discharge. Methods: In this article, I will compare two results of TA inpatients and non-TA inpatients, which obtained with the RMS. This study was carried out about 22 TA patients and 18 non-TA patients, who had low back pain and were hospitalized between March 2002 and July 2002. Results & conclusions : 1. RMS point is related with the post-discharge term to a point of time of answering the questionnaire in both TA patients and non-TA patients. 2. In distribution of RMS point, Gr II take most possesion as 41% in TA patients while Gr I take most possesion as 56% in non-TA patients. 3. In distribution of RMS point, patients that correspond to more than Gr III take 27% in TA patients, 16% in non-TA patients. 4. TA patients show higher level of distribution than non-TA patients in RMS point in verifying them by mean value and T-test. 5. Degree of pain score change(${\Delta}$P.S), using mean value and T-test, showed lower level of distribution in TA patients than non-TA patients. 6. We can see that TA patients have more restriction in their life for low back pain.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.877-885
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out with the aim of utilizing it as basic data in a plan for oral health promotion by analyzing oral-health awareness in high school students of some districts in our country, and by analyzing physical, mental and social influential factors in oral health, through using OHIP(Oral Health Impact Profile). Methods : It surveyed by carrying out self-administered questionnaire research targeting 536 boy & girl high school students in the 1st and the 2nd grade at 3 high schools in some districts of Gyeonggi Province. Results : 1. As for experience of having not visited dental clinic, a case of having not visited accounted for 32.5%. On the other hand, a case of having visited accounted for 67.5%. As for the appearance of oral health education, only 2.8% responded as saying of having experience. 97.2% responded as saying of having not taken oral health education. 2. As for oral health state perceived by oneself, the response as saying of 'thinking it to be healthy' and that 'there is something wrong' showed the distribution of 34.1% that is the same ratio. As for oral health interest, a case of having a little interest(58.4%) or of being so much interested(12.5%) showed 70.9%. A case of having no special interest(24.8%) or of having no interest at all(4.3%) showed the level of 29.1%.3. As for oral health knowledge, the toothbrushing knowledge was the highest with 4.54 marks out of 6-point perfection. The toothbrush knowledge(4-point perfection) showed low point with 2.05 marks. 4. By gender, a case of men was high in OHIP(Oral Health Impact Profile) for the functional restriction and physical pain. On the other hand, in the remaining sphere, women were indicated to be high in OHIP. The statistically significant difference was indicated in the spheres such as physical pain, psychological discomfort, a drop in psychological ability, a drop in social ability, and social separation. 5. According to oral health state perceived by oneself, a case of thinking it to be healthy was indicated to be high in OHIP for every sphere. A case of thinking it to have gum disease was indicated to be low in OHIP for every sphere. The statistically significant difference was indicated in every sphere except the sphere of functional restriction. 6. As for a factor of having influence upon OHIP according to oral health knowledge, it was indicated that the higher toothbrush knowledge leads to having more influence upon OHIP. Conclusions : It could be known that the oral health knowledge and OHIP are varied as well according to the oral health interest level. Also, the oral health education proper for subjects is not being performed. Even as for frequency of visiting the dentist, a regular visit is failing to be made. In consideration of these points, the diversified and effective educational program is likely considered to be necessarily developed and improved that subjects can have more interest in oral health.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.999-1011
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• 2009

In this paper, we are concerned with the following eigenvalue problems of m-point boundary value problem for p-Laplacian dynamic equation on time scales $(\varphi_p(u^{\Delta}(t)))^\nabla+{\lambda}h(t)f(u(t))=0,\;t\in(0,T)$, $u(0)=0,\varphi_p(u^{\Delta}(T))=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m-2}a_i\varphi_p(u^{\Delta}(\xi_i))$, where $\varphi_p(u)=|u|^{p-2}$u, p > 1 and $\lambda$ > 0 is a real parameter. Under certain assumptions, some new results on existence of one or two positive solution and nonexistence are obtained for $\lambda$ evaluated in different intervals. Our work develop and improve many known results in the literature even for the continual case. In doing so the usual restriction that $f_0=lim_{u{\rightarrow}0}+f(u)/\varphi_p(u)$ and $f_\infty = lim_{u{\rightarrow}{\infty}}f(u)/\varphi_p({u})$ exist is removed. As an applications, an example is given to illustrate the main results obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

It has been used so many kinds of architectural materials and interior products in current building construction, and use of composite architectural materials is increasing with the development of chemical technology. As the green architecture has become the center of public interest, much effort is conducted in advanced countries on the LCA point of view, such as restriction of architectural materials that emitting pollution substances, developing of Non-Toxic architectural materials, and recycling of used materials, etc. with the cooperation of related organizations, material manufacture companies, and construction companies. Because the kinds of materials to be used in building constructions are so various, there might be some possibility of personal and subjective choice at the time of materials selection resulting the missing the requirements of building components and the choice of harmful materials to human. One way to resolve the material problem is to present the green architectural materials which coincide with the quality performance at service and not harmful to man and nature. At this point of view, this study aims to develop the material classification model by investigating the major labelling system about green architectural materials in both domestic and abroad and to implement an efficient material selection system by making a powerful database of environmental standard and quality basis of building requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.747-758
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• 2009

In this paper, we investigate the growth and fixed points of meromorphic solutions of higher order linear differential equations with meromorphic coefficients and their derivatives. Because of the restriction of differential equations, we obtain that the properties of fixed points of meromorphic solutions of higher order linear differential equations with meromorphic coefficients and their derivatives are more interesting than that of general transcendental meromorphic functions. Our results extend the previous results due to M. Frei, M. Ozawa, G. Gundersen, and J. K. Langley and Z. Chen and K. Shon.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.717-730
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• 2002

In this paper we use measure theory to solve a wide range of the nonlinear programming problems. First, we transform a nonlinear programming problem to a classical optimal control problem with no restriction on states and controls. The new problem is modified into one consisting of the minimization of a special linear functional over a set of Radon measures; then we obtain an optimal measure corresponding to functional problem which is then approximated by a finite combination of atomic measures and the problem converted approximately to a finite-dimensional linear programming. Then by the solution of the linear programming problem we obtain the approximate optimal control and then, by the solution of the latter problem we obtain an approximate solution for the original problem. Furthermore, we obtain the path from the initial point to the admissible solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.118-126
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• 2009

This research investigates the problem of minimizing setup costs in resequencing jobs having first-in, first-out(FIFO) constraints at conveyorized production or assembly systems. Sequence changing at conveyor junctions in these systems is limited due to FIFO restriction. We first define the general problem of resequencing jobs to workstations satisfying precedence relationships between jobs(Generalized Sequential Ordering Problem, GSOP). Then we limit our scope to FIFO precedence relationships which is the conveyor selection problem at a diverging junction(Diverging Sequential Ordering Problem, DSOP), modeling it as a 0-1 integer program. With the capacity constraint removed, we show that the problem can be modeled as an assignment problem. In addition, we proposed and evaluated the heuristic algorithm for the case where the capacity constraint cannot be removed. Finally, we discuss the case study which motivated this research and numerical results.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.1029-1032
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• 1999

Muscle based face image synthesis is one of the most realistic approach to realize life-like agent in computer. Facial muscle model is composed of facial tissue elements and muscles. In this model, forces are calculated effecting facial tissue element by contraction of each muscle strength, so the combination of each muscle parameter decide a specific facial expression. Now each muscle parameter is decided on trial and error procedure comparing the sample photograph and generated image using our Muscle-Editor to generate a specific face image. In this paper, we propose the strategy of automatic estimation of facial muscle parameters from 2D marker movement using neural network. This also 3D motion estimation from 2D point or flow information in captered image under restriction of physics based face model.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.763-771
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• 2009

T.H. Kim, H.K. Xu, [Convergence of the modified Mann's iteration method for asymptotically strict pseudo-contractions, Nonlinear Anal.(2007),doi:l0.l016/j.na.2007.02.029.] proved the strong convergence for asymptotically strict pseudo-contractions by the classical CQ iterative method. In this paper, we apply the monotone CQ iterative method to modify the classical CQ iterative method of T.H. Kim, H.K. Xu, and to obtain the strong convergence theorems for asymptotically strict pseudo-contractions. In the proved process of this paper, Cauchy sequences method is used, so we complete the proof without using the demi-closedness principle, Opial's condition or others about weak topological technologies. In addition, we use a ingenious technology to avoid defining that F(T) is bounded. On the other hand, we relax the restriction on the control sequence of iterative scheme.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2007

In order to establish a criteria of solid particle separation performance test on marine centrifugal purifier at factory acceptance test, an investigation had been done on criteria of test standards, regulations and test specifications of purifier manufactures. KS V 7836, fuel oil and lubricating oil purifiers for marine use-centrifugal type, the criteria of solid particle separation is studied in the point of reality, restricts and analysis method. It is proposed that a reasonable criteria and analysis method should be adopted, and the current criteria shall be revised to adequate levels considering reasonable basis and industrial technology levels. Also, the test analysis conceptions, separation efficiency method and particle size restriction method, are reviewed to fulfil separation performance test for marine centrifugal purifiers.