• 한국자기학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1992

$Co_{67}Fe_{4.5}Nb_{2}Si_{10}B_{15}$ 비정질합금리본에서 2단 어닐링이 자기특성에 미치는 영향을 조사 하였다. 고온인 $480^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 20분간 1단 어닐링한 리본을 저온인 $310^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 2단으로 진공어닐링한 결과 보자력과 각형비는 1단 어닐링한 경우와 거의 비슷한 값들을 나타내었으나, 직류 및 교류투자율은 1단 어닐링에 비해 현저히 높아졌다. 2단 어닐링시 직류 및 1 kHz에서의 교류투자율의 최대치는 각각 약 290,000과 41,000으로서 1단 어닐링에 비해 30% 이상 증가하였다. 어닐링온도에 따른 자성의 변화는 3단계로 나누어 내부응력, 자구크기, cluster 및 결정상의 변화를 주요 요인으로 하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) has been used to treat animal disease and to increase animal weight as growth promoter. However, abused usage of VAs can cause production of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment and additionally, residual of VAs in soil can be transferred into crops. Therefore, main objective of this research was to examine bioaccumulation of VAs in sprouts (red cabbage, Brassica Olearacea L. var. Capitata f. rubra and red radish, Raphanus sativus) with hydroponic method. Total of 7 VAs in 2 different classes of VAs (tetracyclcines: tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethiazole, macrolides: tylosin) were evaluated and experiment was conducted with solid phase extraction (SPE)/high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Initial spiked concentration of 7 VAs was $5mg\;L^{-1}$ and cultivation period was 8 days. Result showed that growth of sprouts was inhibited about 23-27% when VAs was introduced. Amount of bioaccumulated VAs was also differed depending on class of VAs. The highest amount of bioaccmulated VAs was tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole in each class with a concentration of 4.05, $7.73mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. Calculated transfer ratio of VAs into crops was also ranged 0.38-54.27%. Overall, bioaccumulation of VAs in crops can be varied depending on crop species and class of VAs. However, further research should be conducted to verify bioaccumulation of VAs in crops in the soil environment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권3A호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2008

동일 채널 중계기에서는 송 수신 신호간의 간섭으로 인해 중계기의 출력이 제한되는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 중계기에서 수신 신호를 복조하여 궤환채널을 추정하고 궤환신호를 제거하는 방법이 제시되었으나, T-DMB 시스템과 같이 파일럿 간격이 넓은 시스템에 복조형 궤환신호 제거방법을 적용할 경우 궤환채널 추정 속도가 느리다는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 본 논문에서는 시간영역의 파일럿을 여러 개의 서브 그룹으로 분할하여 궤환채널을 추정함으로써 적응 필터의 갱신 횟수를 증가시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 궤환채널 추정 속도를 개선하여 궁극적으로 궤환신호 제거 성능을 향상시킨다. 모의실험을 통해 제안된 방법이 기존 방법에 비해 궤환채널 추정 속도와 잔류 궤환신호 전력 (RFP) 측면에서 우수함을 보인다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2007

A porous reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) was fabricated by a molten Si infiltration method. The porosity and flexural strength of porous RBSC fabricated in this study were dependent upon the amount of carbon source used in the SiC/carbon preform as well as the amount of Si infiltrated into the SiC/carbon preform. The porosity and flexural strength of porous RBSC were in the range of $20 vo1.{\sim}49 vo1.%$ and $38{\sim}61 MPa$, respectively. With increase of carbon contents and molten Si for infiltration, volume fraction of the pores was gradually decreased, and flexural strength was increased. The porous RBSCs fabricated with the same amount of molten Si show less residual Si around neck with increase of carbon source, as well as a new SiC was formed around neck which resulted in the decreased porosity and improvement of the flexural strength. In addition, decrease of the porosity and increase of the flexural strength were also obtained by increase of the amount of molten Si with the same amount of carbon source. However, it was found that the flexural strength of porous RBSC depends on the porosity rather than the amount of the newly formed SiC in neck phase between SiC particles used as a starting material.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.3490-3499
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• 1999

초기하분포 소프트웨어 신뢰성 성장 모델(HGDM)은 최근에 개발되어 테스트와 디버그의 시작 단계에서 소프트웨어에 남아 있는 초기 결함 수를 추정할 수 있는 문제에 성공적으로 적용되고 있다. 그러나 HGDM은 시간 도메인 소프트웨어 신뢰성 성장 모델(SRGM)에 속하지만 시험자 수 등과 같은 시험에 투입하는 자원을 고려하는 과정에서 다른 시간 도메인 SRGM과 비교하기 곤란한 점을 내포하게 되었다. 특히, 시간 도메인 SRGM에서 일반적으로 사용하는 소프트웨어 신뢰성을 계산할 수 없다. 본 논문은 HGDM이 시간에 의해 기술되지 않음으로 인해 생기는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 이항 반응 계수를 가진 연속 시간형 HGDM을 개발하고 그 특성을 연구한다. 그리고 제안된 모델을 실제 자료에 적용해서 기존 HGDM을 대신하여 사용할 수 있음을 보인다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.155-158
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• 2017

In this paper, ZnO Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by a sol-gel method using a low-temperature process, and their physical and electrical characteristics were analyzed. To lower the process temperature to $200^{\circ}C$, we used a zinc nitrate hydrate ($Zn(NO_3)_2{\cdot}xH_2O$) precursor. Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) analysis showed that the zinc nitrate hydrate precursor solution had 1.5% residual organics, much less than the 6.5% of zinc acetate dihydrate at $200^{\circ}C$. In the sol-gel method, organic materials in the precursor disrupt formation of a high-quality film, and high-temperature annealing is needed to remove the organic residuals, which implies that, by using zinc nitrate hydrate, ZnO devices can be fabricated at a much lower temperature. Using an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and an X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), $200^{\circ}C$ annealed ZnO film with zinc nitrate hydrate (ZnO (N)) was found to have an amorphous phase and much more oxygen vacancy ($V_o$) than Zn-O bonds. Despite no crystallinity, the ZnO (N) had conductance comparable to that of ZnO with zinc acetate dihydrate (ZnO (A)) annealed at $500^{\circ}C$ as in TFTs. These results show that sol-gel could be made a potent process for low-cost and flexible device applications by optimizing the precursors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.1321-1329
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• 2016

To get an insight into the operating characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactors, a two-phase natural circulation test facility was constructed. The system consists of a boiling loop absorbing the heat from the drain tank, a condensing loop consuming the heat, and a steam drum. A steady-state experiment was carried out, in which the thimble temperature ranged from $450^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ and the system pressure was controlled at levels below 150 kPa. When reaching a steady state, the system was operated under saturated conditions. Some important parameters, including heat power, system resistance, and water level in the steam drum and water tank were investigated. The experimental results showed that the natural circulation system is feasible in removing the decay heat, even though some fluctuations may occur in the operation. The uneven temperature distribution in the water tank may be inevitable because convection occurs on the outside of the condensing tube besides boiling with decreasing the decay power. The instabilities in the natural circulation loop are sensitive to heat flux and system resistance rather than the water level in the steam drum and water tank. RELAP5 code shows reasonable results compared with experimental data.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1997

This paper was focused on the wear characteristics of ion-nitrided metal and with ion-nitride processing, which is basically concerned with the effects of carbon content in workpiece and added carbon content gas atmosphere on the best wear performance. Increased carbon content in workpiece increases compound layer thickness, but decreases diffusion layer thickness. On the other hand, a small optimal amount of carbon content in gas atmosphere increase compound layer thickness as well as diffusion layer thickness and hardness. Wear tests show that the compound layer of ion-nitrided metal reduces wear rate when the applied wear load is small. However, as the load becomes large, the existence of compound layer tends to increase wear rate. Compressive residual stress at the compound layer is the largest at the compound layer, and decreases as the depth from the surface increases. It is found in the analysis that under small applied load, the critical depth where voids and cracks may be created and propagated is located at the compound layer, so that the adhesive wear is created and the existence of compound layer reduces the amount of wear. When the load becomes large, the critical depth is located below the compound layer and delamination, which may explained by surface deformation, crack nucleation and propagation, is created and the existence of compound layer increases wear rate. For the compound layer, at added carbon contents of 0 percent and 0.5 at. percent, the $\varepsilon$ monophase is predominant. But at 0.7 at. percent added carbon, the $\varepsilon$ monophase formation tends to be severely inhibited and r' and $Fe_3C$ polyphase formation becomes dominant. This increased hard $\varepsilon$ phase layer was observed to be more beneficial in reducing friction and wear.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1276-1286
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• 2005

In this paper, the dual stage interaction between the coarse actuator and the fine actuator of an optical disk drive is studied, and the new control method to enhance the track pull-in performance using fine actuator control is proposed. First, the dynamic analysis for the dual stage and the experiments to find the each actuator dynamics are performed. From the experiments, some physical parameters of the actuators were derived, then, some simulations are performed to find the interaction effect of the fine actuator during seek motion. Second, the center servo which suppresses the vibration of fine actuator during seek motion is designed and evaluated. And the fine actuator control to reduce the relative velocity between the target track and beam spot is proposed. From simulations, we show that fine actuator control which has same frequency and same phase of the disturbance is effective to reduce the relative velocity, and this result leads to track pull-in enhancement. Hence, the proposed control method is good approach to improve the track pull-in performance. Finally, the realization of the proposed method and some comments of it are briefly discussed.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1994

김 등 (1993)에 의해 개발된 3차원 해수유동 수치모델을 사용하여 진해만의 조류 및 취송류를 해석하였다. 만내의 흐름은 주로 지형, 바람 및 하천유출에 의해 지배되 며, 만 입구의 수로보다 내만에서 바람 의 영향을 더 강하게 받는다. 계산된 조류는 현장관측과 잘 일치한다. 조류 및 조석잔차류의 수평 및 연직 유속은 만 입구의 수로 에서는 강하나, 진해만의 서부해역과 북부해역에서는 상대적으로 약하게 일어났다. 저 층과 표층 사이에 유속우 위상차가 일어나며, 위상차는 소조기보다 소조기보다 대조기 에 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 또한 만내에서 표층흐름은 바람 및 하천유출류에 의해 강하 게 지배되며, 이러한 현상은 대조기보다 소조기에 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다.