• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2005

The performance of ozone contactor in ozone-BAC advanced water treatment process was evaluated by the degree of decomposition of organic matters. The degree was measured by the analyses of $UV_{254}$ absorbance and the concentrations of DOC and BDOC for the sand filtered water and the ozone treated water, respectively. In addition, the ozone concentration in the contactor, required for the maximum BDOC concentration, was selected as the optimum concentration, and the appropriate residential time of ozone treated water in a reservoir was recommended based on the residual ozone concentration in the treated water. The following results were obtained from the pilot scale experiments. By ozonation $UV_{254}$ absorbance was decreased, and BDOC concentration was increased. The change of DOC concentration by ozonation was negligible, but the excess input of ozone resulted in the removal of the small amount of BDOC by complete oxidation. The optimum ozone concentration was 0.58mg $O_3/mg$ DOC. In order to remove residual ozone, 20minutes of the residential time were enough after ozonation.

• Architectural research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

In South Korea, problems such as low fertility, aging population, and income polarization have recently become more serious. In this time of social change, it is necessary to examine the current changes occurring to residences in order to improve the stability and health of residential areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of residential areas that occurred between 2000 and 2010 based on detached houses, which are the foundation of residential areas in Seoul. Changes in residential areas can be observed by examining changes in the type of housing and the characteristics of the residents. Since the type of housing and the characteristics of the residents change in the same area, it is necessary to study them together, not as individual elements. Census data is suitable for this purpose, because it can show the changes that have occurred to the housing type and the residents' characteristics within the neighborhood unit. Among the census output areas identified as residential areas based on detached houses, six sites were selected as the case study area based on the rate of change of detached houses. From the result of the case study using the census data, the study area was categorized into three regional types: (i) an urban development and redevelopment area; (ii) an area with a concentration or increasing number of detached houses; (iii) an area with an increasing number of multi-family houses based on detached houses.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.711-721
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• 2018

In order to address housing issues, alleviate the concentration of urban populations, and resolve other issues regarding residential spaces, large residential complexes have been developed in Korea since the 1970s. The changes to the residential culture due to such development projects propagated rapidly, making the apartment complexes the most representative form of housing in Korea. In developing such large-scale complexes, plans for public open spaces, which play an important role in formulating the quality of residential environment, have been mostly the same, only utilizing the spaces remaining after planning other types of spaces. The current study looks at the case of Tama New Town development project, a Japanese new town development project that has a similar public open space system in large scale residential complex development projects in Korea. In doing so, the current study aims to identify the features of public open space plans. In the conclusion, the study first finds that various public open spaces must be reviewed and introduced in term of predicting social demands. Second, the study suggests the policy-makers should actively introduce pedestrian paths as a public open space. Third, the study deduces the planning implications of applying the principle of original landscape preservation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shiwha area and compared the characteristics of both industrial area and residential area. The passive samplers were set 6 times each for a month in 21 locations at industrial and residential area to obtain 6 VOCs including benzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene and stylene. Above all, toluene was the most abundant VOCs in the ambient air both in industrial and residential area. Average TVOC concentration of industrial area was 1.86 times higher than that of residential area, and it was greatly reduced in winter compared with summer. Furthermore, the average BTEX concentrations showed that all concentrations of industrial area were 1.94~5.39 times higher than those of residential area except benzene which were similar to each other. In winter, the concentration of ethyl benzene and xylene were significantly decreased by comparing with summer: but benzene concentrations were increased. Also, BTEX relative ratio was as follows: toluene>benzene>ethylbenzene>xylene. Correlation coefficients among VOCs were confirmed that VOCs in ambient air of industrial area were generally more related to each other than that of residential area. On the whole, the concentrations of VOCs in industrial area were higher, and it seems to be potential that industrial area affects the distribution of VOCs to residential area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.517-521
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• 1996

Surface soils sampled at several sites in Seoul, Korea were analyzed to determine the concentrarions and distributions of PAHs. Results are as follow; 1) The Bap concentration in soils was found to be the highest in the industrial area (128 ng/g) and lowest in the residential area(19 ng/g). 2) The Py concentration in soils was highest in the tunnel area (1,110 ng/g) and the lowest in the Achasan area(18 ng/g). 3) The BghiP concentration in soils was higher in road (538 ng/g) and tunnel (532 ng/g) areas than in others areas. 4) It was shown that the PAHs concentrations in residential areas were affected by combution of fossil fuel, those in industrial, road, tunnel, terminal and commercial areas were affected by vehicle exhaust.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2010

With the building is higher and higher, the stack effect is more and more remarkable. The stack effect accompanies many problems in high-rise building such as draft, troublesome in door opening, uncomfortable noise, contaminants dispersion, etc. In this study, the air movement and accompanied contaminants dispersion by stack effect in high-rise building, and diluting the contaminants concentration were analyzed. The analysis was performed for high-rise residential building in Seoul, Korea and the network simulation method was used. The results show that the indoor contaminants concentration and air movement caused by stack effect have interdependent relationship.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2013

For effective and efficient environmental management, developed countries, such as the Netherlands, UK, Australia, Canada, and United States apply ecological risk assessment, and they have an autonomous risk assessment methodology to protect native receptors. In this study, soil ecological protective concentration (EPC) of cadmium in Korea was derived using Korean ecological risk assessment methodology. The soil EPC of cadmium was calculated using probabilistic ecological risk assessment based on species sensitivity distribution. The soil EPC was calculated according to land use for residential/agricultural and industrial/commercial purposes. The chronic soil EPCs for residential/agricultural and industrial/commercial lands were derived to be 1.58 and 9.60 mg/kg, respectively. These values were similar to soil EPC of European Commission, the Netherlands, UK, and Canada. However, these values were lower than the established Korean soil standard, because the current soil standard was based on human risk. Therefore, the impact on an ecosystem when establishing environmental standard should be considered.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of PAHs and to estimate their source characteristics in Taegu area. To do this, four sampling sites were selected to represent an industrial, a traffic, a traffic & residential, and a residential area in Taegu. Total of 72 samples had been collected from January, 1999 to September, 1999 on glass micro fiber filters by high volume air sampler. The PAHs in the total suspended particulate were extracted by a soxhlet process with dichloromethane and analyzed by GC/MSD, GC/FID. A statistical analysis was performed for the PAHs data set using a principal component analysis to derive important factor inherent in the interactions among the variables. The specific conclusions of this research are: 1) There was a significant seasonal and local variation in the atmospheric concentration of PAHs. The seasonal variation is winter>spring>Fall>summer, and the local variation is industrial>traffic>graffic & residential>residential area. 2) To evaluate the correlation between a measured PAHs and other affecting factors such as air pollutant concentration and meterological data, statistical analysis was performed. PAHs and other affecting factors such as air pollutant concentration and meterological data, statistical analysis was performed. PAHs have negative correlation with temperature (r=-0.593, p<0.05), radiation(r=-0.535, p<0.05), and O3(r=-0.719, p<0.05), but have positive correlation with NO(r=0.615, p<0.05) 3)Finally, multivariate analysis was performed for the PAHs dat set to identify and to estimate the source contributions of PAHs. According to results of statistical analysis, it could be identifies as three factors such as vehicular/gasoline, vehicular/diesel, and combustion in Taegu area.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.505-529
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• 2022

Radon is a radioactive gas that causes lung cancer deaths. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to estimate the value of a statistical life(VSL) of 2.054 billion won for the death due to residential radon in Korea. Residential radon is assumed to have caused 2,330 deaths in 2020, of which the estimated social cost is 4.78 trillion won. When a national compulsory standard of 200Bq/m³ is set for residential radon concentration, the number of lives saved is estimated to be 691, leading to a social benefit of 1.42 billion won. This study reports the origin, characteristics and health risk of residential radon, and emphasizes the importance of a dramatic increase in the budget for residential radon reduction policies.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

The shortage house in seoul is an important issue of which has been caused by the population concentration. The apartments and large housing complex had begun to build up to solve its problems, but the apartments on a small scale have being constructed recently due to the growing of a land value. As a result of these, the problems appear to the system and organization of a present residential district. This study has a purpose of researching about the change in the sphere of resident system and the organization, as the apartments being made up on the present residential district.