• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2022

Urbanization due to population growth and regional development can cause various environmental problems, such as the urban heat island phenomenon. A planned city is considered an appropriate study site to analyze changes in urban climate caused by rapid urbanization in a short-term period. In this study, changes in land cover and surface heat island phenomenon were analyzed according to the development plan in Sejong City from 2013 to 2020 using Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) satellite imagery. The surface temperature was calculated in consideration of the thermal infrared band value provided by the satellite image and the emissivity, and based on this the surface heat island effect intensity and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) change analysis were performed. The level-2 land cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment was used to confirm the change in land cover as the development progressed and the difference in the surface heat island intensity by each land cover. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the urbanized area increased by 15% and the vegetation decreased by more than 28%. Expansion and intensification of the heat island phenomenon due to urban development were observed, and it was confirmed that the ecological level of the area where the heat island phenomenon occurred was very low. Therefore, It can suggest the need for a policy to improve the residential environment according to the quantitative change of the thermal environment due to rapid urbanization.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.150-163
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• 2022

Recently, the gated community has been increasing due to various reasons such as demand for differentiated areas and security, but various problems have been raised, including regional conflicts, traffic restrictions and disconnection of surrounding areas. Therefore, this study empirically considered what kind of spatial effect the gated community has on the surrounding area by analyzing the vitality using floating population big data and analyzing pedestrian accessibility using network analysis and social network analysis. As a result, it was found that the overall vitality in the study area was greatly affected by the land use and the building use. However, focusing on apartment complexes, even in the same land use, when the form of the complex is open to the outside, there is a lot of floating population, so the vitality is high. In terms of accessibility, assuming that the gated community is open, it was found that as the physical connectivity improved, there were more roads for pedestrians to choose from, and the accessibility improved as traffic and exchanges occurred in the disconnected space. The value of improving property rights and residential environment is also precious, but it is necessary to review how to reflect the improvement of local permeability in enhancing the publicness of cities and the value and direction of communities that can coexist with the region.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

Semi-industrial zone is the area where manufacturing, residential, commercial zones are mixed. Despite of their potentials in that proximity to city and convenient transportation infrastructure, a lot of semi-industrial zones in Korea have converted to other uses due to many issues such as change of industry, increasing land price, real estate speculations. Recently, local government is trying to solve their existing issues and develop them through a restoration of publicness. Now publicness is thought of as a key factor of regeneration in semi-industrial areas. In this regard, this study aims to examine the way of restoring publicness revealed in Brooklyn Navy Yard mainly focus on their urban contexts and architectural ways. Brooklyn Navy Yard, an exemplary case, is an industrial complex that has grown economically, socially and culturally through emphasizing publicness and it is evaluated as an advanced example of public industrial complex. Through the analysis of Navy Yard, this study was trying to emphasize the importance of publicness in the regeneration of semi-industrial areas and to provide implications for the Seoul Government's solutions, which are still in the conceptual stage. To analyze the publicness of the study subjects, framework and elements were derived by examining related theories and prior researches. Depending on this frame, the results of the publicness of the Navy Yard were as follows. First of all, the 'Publicness as an officiality' was identified at the characteristic of the site and Navy Yard development corporation. Second, the 'Publicness as a public interest' of the Navy Yard Development Corporation was identified in various ways of its operation methods. Finally, the 'Publicness as an accessibility' was identified in the opening of urban and architectural spaces in Navy Yard. These publicness were analyzed with seven Navy Yard's success factors. Thus, it can be interpreted that the publicness of the semi-industrial areas can contribute significantly to their success. The publicness restoring methods of Navy Yard could be used as a basic data in semi-industrial areas in the future in Korea. However they are limited to be applied directly, so extensive and in-depth research in terms of their applicability should be conducted.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6D
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• pp.711-717
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• 2009

This study develops model for analysis of relationship between major node (Interchange in expressway) and land price formation of apartments along with Seoul Belt Expressway by using CHAID analysis. The results show that first, regions(outer side: Gyeongido, inner side: Seoul) on the line of Seoul Belt Expressway are different and a graph generally show llinear relationships between land price and traffic node but it does not; second, CHAID analysis shows two different spatial distribution at the point of 2.6km in the outer side, but three different spatial distribution at the point of 1.4km and 3.8km in the inner side. In other words, traffic access does not necessarily guarantee high housing price since the graphs shows land price related to composite spatial distribution. This implies that residential environments (highway noise and regional discontinuity) and traffic accessibility cause mutual interaction to generate this phenomenon. Therefore, the highway IC landprice model will be beneficial for calculation of land price in New Town which constantly is being built along the highway.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2023

The Hangang River^* is necessary to manage the water environment of severe pollution due to the high density of residential areas, parks, and agriculture and the large population concentrated there. Benthic macroinvertebrates, such as chironomids larvae, are bioindicator species that reflect environmental changes and are crucial for water quality monitoring. In this study, we investigated morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the chironomids larvae inhabiting the Hangang River area for water environment surveys. For this research, 20 rivers, lakes, and urban area in the Hangang River basin were selected. Chironomids larvae were collected from July to September 2022, and their appearance and characteristics were identified through morphological identification. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the mtCOI gene sequences of the collected chironomids larvae, and identification at the genus level was confirmed. As a result, 32 species and 18 genera of 3 subfamilies of Chironomidae larvae were identified, and Stictochironomus sp. dominated most sites(6 sites). The morphological characteristics of the identified chironomids larvae, such as the mentum, ventromental plate, and antenna, were organized into table and pictorial keys, and a Bayesian inference molecular phylogeny was presented. These results provide basic morphological information for genus-level identification and can be used as fundamental information for water quality management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.54-69
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• 2023

This study investigated the distribution of users in urban parks to overcome the limitations of existing research, which made it difficult to determine where data came was collected. It aimed to provide implications for park planning and management based on user distribution using mobile signal data. Five urban parks in Seongdong-gu, Seoul, with various physical characteristics, were selected. Mobile signal data provided by the Seoul Big Data Campus was used to identify the distribution of user inflow through hot spot analysis per park. The relationship between urban context and park influence area was derived. Seoul Forest (P1) and Seongsu Park (P3), which have a high proportion of commercial spaces around the park, showed wider user hotspots compared to Eungbong Park (P2), Dokseodang Park (P4), and Daehyunsan Park (P5), which were located in residential areas. Parks with a significant presence of commercial spaces had a broader influence, while parks with larger sizes and gentle slopes exhibited wider influence areas. This study proposed a novel data-based approach to urban park planning and management based on the inflow distribution of park users. Through this research, valuable insights were derived that could be utilized for urban park planning and management, aiming to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of park utilization.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_3
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• pp.1693-1705
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• 2023

Rural areas, which account for about 90% of the country's land area, are increasing in importance and value as a space that performs various public functions. However, facilities that adversely affect residents' lives, such as livestock facilities, factories, and solar panels, are being built indiscriminately near residential areas, damaging the rural environment and landscape and lowering the quality of residents' lives. In order to prevent disorderly development in rural areas and manage rural space in a planned manner, detection and monitoring of hazardous facilities in rural areas is necessary. Data can be acquired through satellite imagery, which can be acquired periodically and provide information on the entire region. Effective detection is possible by utilizing image-based deep learning techniques using convolutional neural networks. Therefore, U-Net model, which shows high performance in semantic segmentation, was used to classify potentially hazardous facilities in rural areas. In this study, KOMPSAT ortho-mosaic optical imagery provided by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute in 2020 with a spatial resolution of 0.7 meters was used, and AI training data for livestock facilities, factories, and solar panels were produced by hand for training and inference. After training with U-Net, pixel accuracy of 0.9739 and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 0.7025 were achieved. The results of this study can be used for monitoring hazardous facilities in rural areas and are expected to be used as basis for rural planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2024

Heavy metals emitted from urban development do not decompose in the soil and remain for long periods, continually impacting the environment. Since the mid-1990s, there has been increasing societal concern in South Korea regarding soil contamination, prompting various legislative revisions to reduce pollution. This study utilizes the Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS) to investigate projects in the metropolitan area that have exceeded the Ministry of Environment's soil contamination concern levels from 1989 to 2022 and to examine improvements in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The results reveal that the average concentrations of nine contaminants-cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and fluoride (F)-have all increased over the years. Among these, Zn had the highest relative proportion, with 37.5% of the 40 sites exceeding environmental concern levels. Investigation of 19 specific projects at these exceedance sites showed that only 7 had documented analyses of contamination causes and remediation plans, and just one had contracted additional remediation services, though results from these efforts were found to be lacking. Furthermore, since 2019, a significant proportion of these sites were involved in residential developments, likely due to government initiatives in new city development and extensive housing supply plans. This research emphasizes the importance of public disclosure of the processes and outcomes of remediation efforts on historically contaminated soils prior to project development. It discusses improvements to the EIA by reviewing current legislation and international examples. The findings of this study are expected to heighten public awareness about heavy metal contamination and enhance transparency in soil remediation efforts, contributing to sustainable environmental management and development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

This study investigated Chinese Laws on the kind of urban green spaces and the legal requirements for the green spaces of urban habitat and analyzed the specificities of them intending to provide basic data to suggest bringing in or not the relevant Chinese Laws to Korea. This study can be summarized as follows: First, the concept of Chinese urban green spaces(g.s.) classified by 5 kinds(park g.s., production g.s., protection g.s., attachment g.s., the others g.s.) placed the park and green spaces in the same category unlike the Korean urban green spaces that only distinguishes between park and green spaces. The Chinese Urban Park is classified by 4 kinds(composite park, community park, special park, linear park) at the 'Standard for urban green spaces classification' which is below in rank of the legal system. Second, in case of calculation for green spaces ratio of urban green spaces in China, the green rooftop landscaping area should not be included as a green spaces area except the rooftop of a basement or semi basement building to which residents have easy access. The green spaces requirements and compulsory secure ratio by 3 habitat kinds(habitat, small habit, minimum habitat) of when to act as a residential plan is regulated. Third, the green spaces system is obligated to establish at habitat green spaces plan and is specified to conserve and improve existing trees and green spaces. The green spaces ratio on reconstruction for old habitat is relaxed to be lower than for new habitat and a gradient of green spaces is peculiarly clarified. The details and requirements for establishment and the minimum area intending for each classes of the central green spaces(habitat park, children park, minimum habitat's green spaces) are regulated. Especially at a garden style of minimum habitat's green spaces, intervals between the south and north houses and a compulsory security for green spaces area classifying into two groups(closing type green spaces and open type green spaces) by a middle-rise or high-rise building are clarified. System of calculation for green spaces area is presented at a special regulation. Fourth, a general index(area/person) of public green spaces within habitat to achieve by 3 habitat kinds is determined, in this case, the index on reconstruction for a deterioration zone can be relaxed to be lower to the extent of a specified quantity. A location and scale, minimum width and minimum area per place of public green spaces are regulated. A space plot principle including adjacent to a road, greening area ratio against total area, security of open space and the shadow line boundary of sunshine are also regulated to intend for public green spaces. Fifth, the minimum horizontal distance between the underground cables and the surrounding greening trees are regulated as the considerable items for green spaces when setting up the underground cables. The principle to establish green spaces within public service facilities is regulated according to the kind of service contents. It shall be examined in order to import or not the special regulations that only exist in Chinese Laws but not in Korean Laws. The result of this study will contribute to gain the domestic landscape architect's' sympathy of the research related to Chinese urban green spaces laws requiring immediate attention and will be a good chance to advance into the internationalization of Korean Landscape Architectural Laws.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-77
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• 2012

This study examined changes in land cover for the past 25 years in Busan and subsequently evaluated heat island potential by using land surface temperature and observation temperature data. The results were as below. The urban area of Busan increased by more than 2.5 times for the past 25 years from 1975 to 2000. It was believed that an increase in the pavement area of city within such a short period of time was an unprecedented phenomenon unique to our country. It could be assumed that urban heat island would be worsened through this process. After analyzing the land temperature according to the land cover, it was shown that there were noticeable changes in the temperature of urban & built-up and mountain & forest areas. In particular, the temperature rose to $36{\sim}39^{\circ}C$ in industrial areas during the summer, whereas it went down to $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ in the urban areas at whose center there were mountains. It was found that heat island potential according to the level of land cover had various values depending on the conditions of land cover. Among the areas of urbanization, the industrial area's heat island potential is 6 to $8^{\circ}C$, and the residential and commercial area's is $0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$, so it has been found that there is high possibility to induce urban heat islands. Meanwhile, in the forest or agricultural area or the waterside, the heat island potential is $-6{\sim}-3^{\circ}C$. With this study result, it is possible to evaluate the effects of temperature increase according to the urban land use, and it can be used as foundational data to improve urban thermal environment and plan eco-friendly urban development.