• BMB Reports
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2015

Adaptive brain function and synaptic plasticity rely on dynamic regulation of local proteome. One way for the neuron to introduce new proteins to the axon terminal is to transport those from the cell body, which had long been thought as the only source of axonal proteins. Another way, which is the topic of this review, is synthesizing proteins on site by local mRNA translation. Recent evidence indicates that the axon stores a reservoir of translationally silent mRNAs and regulates their expression solely by translational control. Different stimuli to axons, such as guidance cues, growth factors, and nerve injury, promote translation of selective mRNAs, a process required for the axon's ability to respond to these cues. One of the critical questions in the field of axonal protein synthesis is how mRNA-specific local translation is regulated by extracellular cues. Here, we review current experimental techniques that can be used to answer this question. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies can help us understand what biological processes are regulated by axonal protein synthesis in vivo.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.740-749
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• 2010

In a machine translation system, word sense disambiguation has an essential role in the proper translation of words when the target word can be translated differently depending on the context. Previous research on sense identification has mostly focused on adjacent words as context information. Therefore, in the case of nominal compounds, sense tagging of unit nouns mainly depended on other nouns surrounding the target word. In this paper, we present a practical method for the sense tagging of Korean unit nouns in a nominal compound. To overcome the weakness of traditional methods regarding the data sparseness problem, the proposed method adopts complement-predicate relation knowledge that was constructed for machine translation systems. Our method is based on a sentential form recovery technique, which recognizes grammatical relationships between unit nouns. This technique makes use of the characteristics of Korean predicative nouns. To show that our method is effective on text in general domains, the experiments were performed on a test set randomly extracted from article titles in various newspaper sections.

• 공학논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2004

NAT (Network Address Translation)은 임의의 사설 IP 주소를 인터넷의 정식 IP 주소로 변환하는 메커니즘으로써 네트워크 보안 및 인터넷 주소의 절약이 주요 기능이다. 일반적으로 NAT는 패킷 헤더의 IP정보를 이용하여 이러한 기능을 수행한다. 하지만 특정 응용 프로토콜들은 패킷의 헤더뿐만 아니라, 데이터 부분에도 종단간 통신에 필요한 정보가 존재하기 때문에, NAT는 이러한 정보를 적절하게 변화해 주어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 포트프락시(port proxy)서버를 이용하여, 패킷의 데이터에 있는 가상 IP정보를 실제 IP정보고 변환하여, 외부와 통신이 원할하게 이루어 질 수 있도록 하는 방안을 제시하고 실제로 구현하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.255-289
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• 2012

In the course of completing a National Research Foundation project, I recently found that a handwritten Korean manuscript of The Tale of Mei Fei is kept in the Adan Collection, which is a significant scholarly discovery given that no relevant research is available. The editions of the Tale of Mei Fei available in Korea include ${\ll}$藝苑?華${\gg}$ edition, ${\ll}$說?${\gg}$ edition, and the handwritten manuscript in Korean collected in the Adan Collection. Being the only handwritten Korean translation of the work, the Tale of Mei Fei in the Adan Collection was appended by the translations of ${\ll}$한셩뎨됴비연합덕젼${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$당고종무후뎐${\gg}$. As for the practice of translation of the work, literal "word to word" translation was done for the most part of the text; some sentences were occasionally translated liberally. Also, as for the poems in the text, pronunciation of each Chinese character was provided along with the translated text.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

Objectives : Translations of Korean Medical Classical texts were analyzed quantitatively to verify their trend. Based on findings, accumulated problems and their solutions were discussed. Methods : A list of translated Classical texts in the field of Korean Medicine from the National Central Library collection was organized. Afterwards, the publication date, field, author information and content of the translated version were analyzed. Results : Of Chinese Medical texts, those from the Ming and Qing periods were most translated, while major texts pre-dating the Song period were left out. In addition, while texts in the fields of Shanghan-Jingui, comprehensive medical texts, scriptures, medical theories that were high in demand in educational and clinical sectors were actively translated, those in secondary fields were insufficiently translated. Of medical texts of Korea, those from the Joseon period were mostly translated, including major texts such as the Donguibogam and various kinds of texts reflecting research demands. Conclusions : In the future, texts that have not been translated need to be prioritized while basic elements need to be identified for better quality translation. To enable quantitative and qualitative expansion of Korean Medical Classical Texts translation, institutional and academic support is crucial.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Objectives: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ) and the effect of the source of information about mental health on ADHD stigma. Methods: The Korean translation of the ASQ was prepared, and 673 participants, 20-64 years of age, completed the questionnaire using an online panel survey in South Korea. The participants also completed questionnaires detailing sociodemographic variables and the source of their mental health knowledge. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to explore the internal consistency of the ASQ. Factor analysis using Varimax rotation was conducted to investigate the structure of the ASQ. Results: The 26-item ASQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.940). Factor analysis supported a three-factor structure, including Concerns with Public Attitudes, Negative Self-Image, and Disclosure Concerns. There were no significant differences in the total ASQ scores according to sociodemographic characteristics. Participants who reported the internet as their major source of information about mental health showed higher ASQ scores compared to those who used other sources for mental health information. Conclusion: The Korean translation of the ASQ has acceptable psychometric properties among Korean adults. Inaccurate information from the internet could increase the stigma toward ADHD.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.790-798
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• 2008

Recently, NAND flash memory has emerged as a next generation storage device because it has several advantages, such as low power consumption, shock resistance, and so on. However, it is necessary to use a flash translation layer (FTL) to intermediate between NAND flash memory and conventional file systems because of the unique hardware characteristics of flash memory. This paper proposes a new clustered FTL (CFTL) that uses clustered hash tables and a two-level software cache technique. The CFTL can anticipate consecutive addresses from the host because the clustered hash table uses the locality of reference in a large address space. It also adaptively switches logical addresses to physical addresses in the flash memory by using block mapping, page mapping, and a two-level software cache technique. Furthermore, anticipatory I/O management using continuity counters and a prefetch scheme enables fast address translation. Experimental results show that the proposed address translation mechanism for CFTL provides better performance in address translation and memory space usage than the well-known NAND FTL (NFTL) and adaptive FTL (AFTL).

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 음성언어 자동 통역시스템의 일부 모듈로 구현한 한일 기계번역 시스템을 소개하였다. 이 번역시스템은 예제중심 기계번역(EBMT)에 기초를 둔 변환중심 기계번역(TDMT) 방법을 기반으로 구현하였다. 본 시스템에서는 토큰(TOKEN)이라는 새로운 번역단위를 정의하여 사용하였다. 토큰단위의 번역방법을 사용함으로써 한국어 문장의 매우 비 정형적인 점을 해결하고 번역의 질을 높일 수 있다. 본 시스템의 구문분석 단계에서는 대역어를 선정하기에 적합한 정도까지의 의존트리를 생성하는 간이파싱만을 함으로써 필요없는 노력을 경감시켰다. 대역어 사전은 한국전자통신 연구원이 수집한 음성 데이터베이스로부터 추출한 말뭉치를 사용해 구성하였다. 구현한 시스템은 여행 계획영역에서 수집된 600 발화 안의 문장을 대상으로 시험하였는데 제한된 환경에서 87%, 아무런 제약이 없는 환경에서는 71%의 성공률을 보였다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-182
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• 2020

본 연구는 '블리자드(Blizzard)'사(社)의 게임 '하스스톤(Hearthstone)'에 적용된 창조적·문화적 의역에 대해 확인하고 이에 대한 수용자들의 반응을 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 의역의 기법에 대해 고찰한 뒤 다양한 의역 번역 전략이 '하스스톤'에 어떻게 적용되었으며 의역된 번역어들에 대한 수용자의 반응을 설문조사를 통해 확인하였다. 그 결과 수용자들은 번역어가 원어의 의미와 멀지 않은 번역을 선호했으나 대체할 적절한 단어가 없는 경우에는 다소 의미에 거리가 있어도 번역을 수용했다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.489-504
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• 2013

Software safety for nuclear reactor protection systems (RPSs) is the most important requirement for the obtainment of permission for operation and export from government authorities, which is why it should be managed with well-experienced software development processes. The RPS software is typically modeled with function block diagrams (FBDs) in the design phase, and then mechanically translated into C programs in the implementation phase, which is finally compiled into executable machine codes and loaded on RPS hardware - PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Whereas C Compilers are fully-verified COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software, translators from FBDs to C programs are provided by PLC vendors. Long-term experience, experiments and simulations have validated their correctness and function safety. This paper proposes a behavior-preserving translation from FBD design to C implementation for RPS software. It includes two sets of translation algorithms and rules as well as a prototype translator. We used an example of RPS software in a Korean nuclear power plant to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed translation.